CN113214301B - 一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物及应用 - Google Patents
一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物及应用,属于精细化工领域。该氟硼吡咯衍生物具有优异的光物理性质,具备良好的亮度和稳定性。同时该染料由于引入了双键,可以在高激光照射条件下,发生顺反异构变化,从而实现亮暗态光转换,有利于单分子定位超分辨成像。染料被设计为双亲性的分子结构,可以较长时间保留在细胞膜上,同时氟硼吡咯荧光团本身倾向于进入磷脂分子层内侧,可实现长程亮态,有利于单分子追踪分析。因而利用该染料可在非成像液条件下实现对活细胞的超微结构和流动性同时成像,该成像具有超高的时空分辨率,揭示了膜的重要特征,因而利用该衍生物可实现对细胞膜结构的分子诊断。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物及应用,属于精细化工领域。
背景技术
细胞膜是细胞的关键组分,为细胞生理代谢提供屏障,并且深度参与细胞分化、自噬、凋亡和衰老过程。其主要成分是磷脂,以双分子层构型形成膜的主体结构,具有各向异性的流动性和聚集性特征;细胞膜的组分还包括不同功能的粘附或跨膜蛋白,以及附着于表面的多构象糖链。这些多种组分形成的复杂结构,在表面协同工作以实现包括识别、吞噬、胞吐、屏障等在内的细胞膜各种生理功能。因为这些组分结构的复杂性,从整体上,细胞膜表面展现出不规则、流动和异质性特征,且通过这些特征可以反映对细胞内在生理状态的变化。因此,利用对这些特征的分析,可实现对细胞生理状态的诊断,为疾病精准诊断提供信息。
近年来,超分辨成像等先进光学成像技术的进步,正在革命性提升医学诊断的精确度,将分析水平推进到分子尺度。而通过这些技术手段中的单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪技术对细胞膜进行成像,可以从前所未有的分子尺度获取细胞膜结构、流动和异质性特征。这些膜纳米尺度超微结构和动力学特征,可为医学诊疗提供更高维度的信息,并且提升诊断的精确度,为实现早期疾病预警提供有效信息。
然而,受限于高性能荧光染料的发展,目前细胞膜成像诊断分析水平仍然未能实现分子诊断的突破。两种单分子分析的关键技术,即单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪分析技术,对荧光染料提出了截然不同的单分子发光性能要求。其一,单分子定位超分辨成像要求染料具备亮暗态转换的单分子发光特性;其二,单分子追踪分析,要求染料具有长程的亮态持续时间。现有部分染料虽然能够同时实现部分这种诊断分析,然而其单分子成像需要具有细胞毒性成像液参与,这会严重干扰诊断的精确度。
为满足单分子相关成像的要求,荧光染料研究领域研究者也提出了两种典型的分子设计策略,然而没有策略能够同时满足定位和追踪的双功能要求。策略一,是一种自闪烁的罗丹明染料,这类染料具有在生理环境下自发开关环的动力学平衡过程,通过开关环形成亮暗态变化,从而实现稀疏发光。然而,这些染料因为在生理环境下较强的闭环倾向性,不能够实现长程单分子亮态发光,因而不能被用来做单分子追踪。策略二,通过将三重态猝灭剂以分子内与染料母体直接相连,从而稳定染料的亮态,利于单分子追踪分析。然而,这个策略下的染料不能够展现出亮暗态转换特征,难以实现高密度定位超分辨成像。
发明内容
本发明提供一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物。首先,这类衍生物具有两亲性结构特点,可实现对细胞膜特异性标记和染色。其次,这类染料具有良好的单分子亮度、长程单分子亮态和单分子亮暗态功能,可以同时实现单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪分析,满足分子诊断要求。最后,这类衍生物具有600nm以上的吸收和发射,匹配细胞生物组织的成像波长区间,避免自发荧光干扰。
本发明提供一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物,该衍生物具有如下结构通式:
其中,R1,R2,R4,R5各自独立的为--H,--CH3或者--CH2CH3;
X-和Y-为阴离子,所述阴离子为Cl-,Br-,I-,CF3COO-或者BF- 4,M+为一价阳离子,所述一价阳离子为Na+,K+,NH4 +或者Cs+,M2+为二价阳离子,所述二价阳离子为Mg2+,Ca2+,Fe2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+或者Cr2+,并且整个分子内阴阳离子平衡,整体呈现电中性。
该类氟硼吡咯衍生物的制备流程如下:
根据文献方法,可以制备对称或者不对称的氟硼吡咯,然后与对甲基哌嗪苯甲醛进行Knoevenagel缩合反应,完成共轭衍生。最后,通过季铵化取代反应,即可制备新型氟硼吡咯衍生物。合成方法如下式所示:
该衍生物染料的分子诊断研究应用流程如下:通过医学活体取样或者是模式细胞培养,获取研究的活细胞。通过DMEM或者MEM(提前混合有10%胎牛血清的培养基)进行细胞稀释及新染料的染色,染色浓度通常为50-200nM,染色时间为5-10min,染色中使用的二甲基亚砜浓度为0.5-0.1%。染色完毕后,悬浮细胞通过离心(800rpm/min)与染色液分离,用磷酸缓冲液(PBS)洗涤,去掉多余未染色染料。最终,通过单分子成像显微镜进行成像研究。成像所用激光为640nm,其光强选择范围可从0.1-1kW/cm2,以10-50ms曝光时间收集染料在膜表面的单分子信号,并重构出超分辨成像,分析单分子追踪轨迹。
在本发明开发了一种新型氟硼吡咯类衍生物,这类衍生物具备良好的单分子亮度、亮态稳定性和光转换能力,可以同时实现对细胞膜的超微结构和动力学分析,实现对细胞膜分子诊断。这类衍生物的母体氟硼吡咯,在膜磷脂内侧非质子低极性环境下具有较好的亮度和稳定性,可实现单分子追踪。同时,通过对结构进行苯乙烯衍生修饰,可实现光诱导顺反异构光转换,从而完成亮暗态转换过程,满足单分子定位超分辨成像需求。另外,这种苯乙烯衍生,将染料的发光提升至远红外区间,处于细胞组织成像的有利区间,有效避免生物组织自发荧光干扰,提升分析信噪比。最后,利用苯乙烯上季铵化哌嗪修饰,可以为染料提供两个电荷,增强染料水溶性。而氟硼吡咯本身具有亲脂性,这种两亲性结构,可以有效长程对细胞膜进行着色,避免内化。
本发明有益效果:一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物,该氟硼吡咯衍生物具有优异的光物理性质,具备良好的亮度和稳定性。同时该染料由于引入了双键,可以在高激光照射条件下,发生顺反异构变化,从而实现亮暗态光转换,有利于单分子定位超分辨成像。染料被设计为双亲性的分子结构,可以较长时间保留在细胞膜上,同时氟硼吡咯荧光团本身倾向于进入磷脂分子层内侧,可实现长程亮态,有利于单分子追踪分析。因而利用该染料可在非成像液条件下实现对活细胞的超微结构和流动性同时成像,该成像具有超高的时空分辨率,揭示了膜的重要特征,因而利用该衍生物可实现对细胞膜结构的分子诊断。新的诊断信息,可提升诊断准确度和精确度,在分子尺度诊疗中有重要应用前景。
附图说明
图1是染料BDP1在不同溶剂中的吸收光谱分析图。
图2是染料BDP1在不同溶剂中的荧光光谱分析图
图3是染料BDP1对人红细胞膜超分辨成像图。
图4是染料BDP1对人红细胞膜表面单分子追踪轨迹叠加图。
图5是染料BDP1对人红细胞膜表面单分子扩散动力学分析图。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施例。本发明用以下实例加以说明但不局限于此,其中除非另有说明,所有的份数和百分数均以重量计。
实施例1
2,4,6,8-四甲基氟硼吡咯的合成:按照文献的方法合成,将吡咯溶于干燥的二氯甲烷中,于惰性气体氛围中,逐滴加入苯甲酰氯,避光反应2-3h,待反应完全后,加入三乙胺调节pH至中性,然后加入三氟化硼乙醚配位,即可获得氟硼吡咯,产物水洗除去三氟化硼乙醚后,通过柱层析分离纯化。
实施例2
合成方法:将氟硼吡咯(500mg,1.54mmol)与对甲基哌嗪苯甲醛(788mg,3.88mmol)混合物溶解于甲苯(50mL)中,在惰性气体氛围中加入哌啶(3mL),搅拌30min后,再加入冰乙酸(3mL)。加热至回流,利用分水器分出反应过程产生的水,使反应逐渐向右进行。利用TLC检测反应完成程度,待转换完全后(大约50-60h),可停止反应,用柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1)纯化获得产物706mg,收率66.1%。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=349.2036(z=2).
实施例3
合成方法:双(对哌嗪基苯)乙烯氟硼吡咯(50mg,71.8μmol)溶解于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,逐滴加入碘甲烷(447μL,7.18mmol),室温下搅拌反应48h。反应完毕后,用二氯甲烷或者正己烷洗涤三次,即可获得52mg BDP1(收率99.7%)。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=363.2187(z=2)。
实施例4
合成方法:双(对哌嗪基苯)乙烯氟硼吡咯(50mg,71.8μmol)溶解于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,逐滴加入碘丙基磺酸钠(1.95g,7.18mmol),室温下搅拌反应48h。反应完毕后,用二氯甲烷或者正己烷洗涤三次,即可获得57mg BDP2(收率80%)。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=986.9584(z=2)。
实施例5
合成方法同实施例4,用碘丙基乙酸钾代替碘丙基磺酸钠。
实施例5
合成方法同实施例4,用二丙酸铵基碘乙基胺代替碘丙基磺酸钠。
实施例6
2,4,6,8-四甲基氟硼吡咯的合成:按照文献的方法合成,将吡咯溶于干燥的二氯甲烷中,于惰性气体氛围中,逐滴加入2-戊烯醚基苯甲酰氯,避光反应2-3h,待反应完全后,加入三乙胺调节pH至中性,然后加入三氟化硼乙醚配位,即可获得氟硼吡咯,产物水洗除去三氟化硼乙醚后,通过柱层析分离纯化。
实施例7
合成方法:将氟硼吡咯(628mg,1.54mmol)与对甲基哌嗪苯甲醛(788mg,3.88mmol)混合物溶解于甲苯(50mL)中,在惰性气体氛围中加入哌啶(3mL),搅拌30min后,再加入冰乙酸(3mL)。加热至回流,利用分水器分出反应过程产生的水,使反应逐渐向右进行。利用TLC检测反应完成程度,待转换完全后(大约50-60h),可停止反应,用柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1)纯化获得产物781mg,收率65%。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=780.4495(z=2).
实施例8
合成方法:双(对哌嗪基苯)乙烯氟硼吡咯(56mg,71.8μmol)溶解于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,逐滴加入碘甲烷(447μL,7.18mmol),室温下搅拌反应48h。反应完毕后,用二氯甲烷或者正己烷洗涤三次,即可获得55mg BDP5(收率95%)。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=810.8879(z=2)。
实施例9
2,4,6,8-四甲基氟硼吡咯的合成:按照文献的方法合成,将吡咯溶于干燥的二氯甲烷中,于惰性气体氛围中,逐滴加入丙酰氯,避光反应2-3h,待反应完全后,加入三乙胺调节pH至中性,然后加入三氟化硼乙醚配位,即可获得氟硼吡咯,产物水洗除去三氟化硼乙醚后,通过柱层析分离纯化。
实施例10
合成方法:将氟硼吡咯(425mg,1.54mmol)与对甲基哌嗪苯甲醛(788mg,3.88mmol)混合物溶解于甲苯(50mL)中,在惰性气体氛围中加入哌啶(3mL),搅拌30min后,再加入冰乙酸(3mL)。加热至回流,利用分水器分出反应过程产生的水,使反应逐渐向右进行。利用TLC检测反应完成程度,待转换完全后(大约50-60h),可停止反应,用柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1)纯化获得产物698mg,收率70%。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=648.6532(z=2).
实施例11
合成方法:双(对哌嗪基苯)乙烯氟硼吡咯(46.5mg,71.8μmol)溶解于20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,逐滴加入碘甲烷(447μL,7.18mmol),室温下搅拌反应48h。反应完毕后,用二氯甲烷或者正己烷洗涤三次,即可获得48mg BDP6(收率98%)。产物结构通过HRMS鉴定,m/z=678.7108(z=2)。
实施例12
对实例3获得的染料BDP1进行光谱分析,对比该染料在二氯甲烷、甲醇、水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜溶剂五种不同溶剂中的吸收光谱。如图1所示,该染料展现出远红区间发光特征,在可见光区,其吸收光谱波峰位于650-677nm,而发射光谱波峰位于650-677nm(图2)。同时这个染料在中等极性溶剂(甲醇和二氯甲烷)中展现出较好的亮度特征,其摩尔消光系数为9.8~10×104mol·L-1·cm-1,量子产率为0.52-0.54。
实施例13
将实例3获得的染料BDP1进行红细胞膜染色超分辨成像实验,图3是染料BDP1对人红细胞膜超分辨成像图,其中,左图和右图是分别选取两批人红细胞进行超分辨的成像图,从成像图可以看出该染料能够准确的标记细胞膜同时可以实现对红细胞膜的超分辨成像,其分辨率可达到接近60-70nm。
实施例14
将实例3获得的染料BDP1进行细胞膜表面单分子追踪和细胞膜流动性分析实验。如图4所示,由于染料的良好单分子发光性质,可以在细胞膜表面对单个染料分子进行持续追踪,而将每个分子的追踪轨迹叠加就获得了反映细胞膜表面几何结构和流动性特征的单分子轨迹叠加图像。对所有分析取得单分子轨迹的扩散系数分布进行对数拟合后,获得膜表面染料的平均扩散系数为0.218(如图5所示)。可见,该染料具有较好的亮度和稳定性,可实现对细胞膜的单分子追踪。
Claims (2)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一类具有细胞膜标记功能用于单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪的氟硼吡咯衍生物在制备用于标记细胞膜,对细胞膜进行单分子定位超分辨成像和单分子追踪动力学分析试剂中的应用。
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