CN103664314A - Preparation and use methods of ginseng seed coating agent - Google Patents
Preparation and use methods of ginseng seed coating agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses preparation and use methods of a ginseng seed coating agent, belonging to the field of modernization of traditional Chinese medicines, solving the problems of serious pest and disease damage and nutrient element insufficiency at a ginseng seedling stage, and overcoming defects of the current seed dressing methods in production. The invention provides a method for preparing a seed coating agent for coating seeds by taking a film forming agent, a bactericide, a pesticide, nutrient elements and a plant growth regulator as main components, wherein the seed coating agent can be used for breaking through seed dormancy, promoting root growth, inducing ginseng plant to generate resistance, preventing and controlling plant diseases, increasing nutrient element supply, promoting growth and increasing yield. The ginseng seed coating agent disclosed by the invention can be used for coating seeds manually or by using a seed coating machine. All components of the ginseng seed coating agent have no toxic or side effect for the growth of ginseng.
Description
technical field:
The invention belongs to modern Chinese traditional medicine field, relate to a kind of method of preparation and use of ginseng seed coat agent.
background technology:
Ginseng is perennial root herbaceous plant, and disease and insect pest are all very serious.Major Diseases has: samping off, damping-off, black spot, gray mold, Powdery Mildew, sclerotium disease, root rot and rust rot etc., and wherein sprout term disease is mainly samping off, damping-off and rust rot; The subterranean pest-insect of harm ginseng root mainly contains wireworm, mole cricket, grub and cutworm etc., and ginseng all has generation each breeding time.Annual China's ginseng main producing region disease and pest has generation in various degree, and because of the disease and pest underproduction 10%～30%, serious plot can reach more than 50%.On producing at present, be mainly to take to sow before front dressing seed, sowing that soil disinfection is carried out in soil or bedding or the mode of spraying insecticide in the Ginseng Growth phase is prevented and treated in conjunction with falling, but because part ginseng seed carries the germs of a disease, later stage is carried out chemical control, pathogenic bacteria very easily develops immunity to drugs to it, so effect is unsatisfactory.
It is the same that people participates in other plant, grows and need various nutrient elements, while lacking certain nutritive element, will affect normal growth and grow.For example: while lacking phosphorus, Ginseng Growth is slow, and blade is dark green, and plant is short and small, and leaf area diminishes, seed production reduces; During potassium deficiency, leaf margin is tawny, and leaf-shrinkage is easily caught an illness, and seed production reduces; During boron deficiency, leaf chlorosis, chlorophyll content reduces, photosynthetic rate declines, and in root, total reducing sugar and saponin content reduce; While lacking zinc, plant is short and small, leaf minor malformation, and chlorosis or albefaction (mosaic disease) between blade arteries and veins, the weightening finish of ginseng root is slowly; While lacking molybdenum, blade occurs yellow, and leaf margin upsweeps, and leaf development is incomplete.
Ginseng seed has dormancy characteristic, and the present invention is mixed by Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, choline chloride 60 and sodium nitrophenolate, has the effect of breaking seed dormancy, promoting seed germination and root growth.
The preparation method of ginseng seed coat agent, is to take seed as carrier, by membrane-forming agent, sterilant, sterilant, nutritive element, plant-growth regulator and tinting material etc. is wrapped in outside seed, makes seed substantially keep a kind of coating method of original shape.After the planting seed of dressing, along with the sprouting, germinate and emerge of seed, effective constituent is gradually by Root Absorption, and is transmitted to each position of plant, reaches and improves resistance, the elements fed that has additional nutrients, promotes growth and improve the object of output.
The invention solves that ginseng seedling stage diseases and pests is serious, the problem of nutrient deficiency, overcome the shortcoming that in current production, seed dressing method exists.Retrieval shows, not yet finds that there is patented technology and the relevant report of ginseng seed coat agent method of preparation and use at present.
summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of and take membrane-forming agent, sterilant, sterilant, nutritive element and plant-growth regulator as main ingredient, after making by weight percentage seed coat agent, carry out seed pelleting, for breaking seed dormancy, promote root growth, inducing ginseng plant to produce resistance, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, the elements fed that has additional nutrients, promote growth and improve output.The selected component of the present invention is without any side effects to Ginseng Growth.
1, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, its membrane-forming agent is selected following a kind of:
Chitosan.Be a kind of chitin derivativ, by chitin deacetylate, formed, chemical name is poly-β (1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-Glucose.Chitosan is except having filming function, also has thickening, stable, gel and cohesive action.In addition, can also suppress and prevent seed-borne disease and soil-borne disease, supplement plant nutrition, promote root system and growth of seedling, improve photosynthetic efficiency, strengthen crop drought resistance, the anti-adversity ability such as waterlogging-resistant and cold-resistant.Tegin 55G, mainly as emulsifying agent and tensio-active agent, has emulsification, stable and dissemination, can prevent and treat separation, layering and deposited phenomenon and produce, and is conducive to surface filming.The present invention's chitosan molecule amount used is 10
6, consumption is 1.0%～4.0%.It is 0.05%～0.30% that chitosan adds Tegin 55G, consumption during as membrane-forming agent.
Sodium alginate.Deriving from phaeophyta plant, is the abundantest marine organisms superpolymer, is to be also only second to the cellulosic biopolymer that enriches most in the world.Dissolve in the water of differing temps, have stable, nontoxic, film-forming properties or the good characteristic of balling-up, can also strengthen viscosity, consumption is 0.5%～1.5%.
Sudan Gum-arabic.There is good water-soluble and lower soltion viscosity, stable under heat, acid environment, there is the effect of film forming, emulsification, thickening, suspension, consumption is 1.0%～6.0%.
Polyvinyl alcohol.There is good film-forming properties and cohesiveness, good water solubility, solution viscosity is low, and emulsifying power is strong, and consumption is 0.5%～2.0%.
2, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, its disease control is the composite of following one or more medicaments:
2.5% fludioxonil (international name Fludionil) suspension seed-coating agent: be mainly used in preventing and treating the diseases such as ginseng samping off, damping-off, root rot, anthrax, stem rot, black spot and brown spot, consumption is 1.0%～5.0%.
50% carbendazol wettable powder: be mainly used in preventing and treating the diseases such as black fleck disease of ginseng, rust rot, sclerotium disease, damping-off and anthrax, consumption is 2.0～6.0%.
50% thiram wettable powder: be mainly used in preventing and treating the diseases such as black fleck disease of ginseng, gray mold, damping-off, samping off, anthrax, epidemic disease and root rot, consumption is 2.0～6.0%.
3, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, a kind of in following medicament selected in its pest control:
70% Diacloden, consumption is 0.5%～3.0%.
50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, consumption is 0.5%～3.0%.
4, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, its nutritive element is the composite of following several or whole fertilizer:
Aminoacids complex 1.0%～5.0%
Potassium primary phosphate 1.0%～4.0%
Ferrous sulfate 0.1%～0.5%
Boric acid 0.1%～0.4%
Manganous sulfate 0.1%～0.5%
Copper sulfate 0.05%～0.2%
Zinc sulfate 0.1%～0.4%
Ammonium molybdate 0.05%～0.2%.
5, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, its plant-growth regulator is following 3 kinds and mixes use:
Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins.Be ubiquitous a kind of endogenous hormones in plant materials, be extensively present in the organs such as root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed of higher plant, but content seldom.The Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins using in the present invention is 40% water solube powder, and physiologically active is strong, and purposes is wide, molecular formula: C
19h
22o
6, relative molecular mass: 346.0.Its major physiological effect is: break seed dormancy, promote seed germination, consumption is 1.0%～5.0%.
Choline chloride 60.Chemical name: (2-hydroxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, soluble in water, easily by microorganism, decomposed, to people, animal safety, non-environmental-pollution, can be via stem, leaf, root absorption.Major physiological effect is: promote root growth, what in the present invention, use is 50% water solube powder, and consumption is 2.0%～8.0%.
Sodium nitrophenolate.Be broad spectrum type plant-growth regulator, soluble in water.Major physiological effect is: promote cellular plasm to flow, improve cell viability, accelerate vine growth and development, strengthen anti-adversity ability (disease-resistant, cold-resistant, drought resisting etc.), remove the antagonistic action between fertilizer, the infiltration, adhesion, the exhibition that increase fertilizer are puted forth effort, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, short root strong sprout and raising output, consumption is 0.03%～0.08%.
6, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, its permeate agent is ethanol, consumption is 2.0～8.0%.
7, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, its warning colouration is acid scarlet, famille rose or rose-red, consumption is 0.5%～1.5%.
8, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, pH adjusting agent is NaOH saturated aqueous solution.
9, the preparation of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention, surplus is water.
The method of preparation and use of ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention:
1, the preparation of Drug coating:
Select and said components is measured, membrane-forming agent is poured in nontoxic mixing tank and dissolved, then the water that adds total amount 30%～50%, add again agricultural chemicals, nutritive element, plant-growth regulator, permeate agent and warning colouration, with NaOH saturated solution, regulate pH to 7.0(pH instrumentation to determine), then add water to quantitatively, stir, dropping into colloidal mill grinds more than 10 minutes, require seed coat agent fineness standard to be: the particle of≤2 μ m reaches more than 92%, the particle of≤4 μ m reaches more than 95% (laser particle size analyzer mensuration), obtains ginseng seed coat agent.
2, coating method:
Machinery dressing: can select the seed pelleting machine of different model to carry out dressing, operating procedure is carried out by equipment requirements.
Manual dressing: seed is poured in the plastics bag that seed coat agent is housed, pesticide-seeds ratio is 1: 40～60, the sack of holding with a firm grip, and make to be full of air in bag, then fully shake, until seed pelleting is even, more vexed 2～3h, then dry in the shade to not touching with one's hand.
Ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention and the seed dressing method comparison of producing at present, its advantage is: have sterilization, desinsection, the multiple efficacies such as nutritive element are provided; To seed safety, without bad phenomenon such as poisoning; Can break seed dormancy, promote root growth, improve survival rate of seedlings, increase output; Avoid medicine, fertile waste, saved production cost.The present invention has overcome the shortcoming that in current production, seed dressing method exists.
test effect of the present invention:
1 materials and methods
Test is carried out in Jilin Agriculture University test base.
1) test materials
Chitosan, Tegin 55G, sodium alginate, 2.5% fludioxonil, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 50% thiram wettable powder, 70% Diacloden, aminoacids complex (containing N22.3%, total amino acid content 51.83%), potassium primary phosphate are (containing P
20
549%, K
20 32%), ferrous sulfate (containing Fe18%), boric acid (containing B 17%) manganous sulfate (containing Mn 27%), copper sulfate (containing Cu 25%), zinc sulfate (containing Zn 23%), ammonium molybdate (containing Mo 49%), Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, choline chloride 60, sodium nitrophenolate, ethanol, acid scarlet, NaOH and water.
2) test is processed and method
Test is processed: 3 processing are established in test, repeats community area 10m for 3 times
2, random alignment.
A, contrast (CK1).For producing upper ordinary method.Before sowing, get 2.5% suitable happy time (100ml) and 70% Diacloden 100g, with dressing seed after the dilution evenly of 5.0kg clear water, pesticide-seeds ratio is 1: 50, then dries in the shade to not touching with one's hand.
B. contrast (CK2).For producing upper ordinary method.Carbendazol wettable powder 5.0%, thiram wettable powder 5.0% and Diacloden 2.0%, with seed dressing after clear water dilution, pesticide-seeds ratio is 1: 50, then dries in the shade to not touching with one's hand.
C. ginseng seed coat agent.By weight percentage, take 2.0% chitosan, pour in nontoxic mixing tank, with the acetic acid (50 ℃) of 3 times of amount 1.5% concentration, dissolve, then add concentration be 0.1% the Tegin 55G aqueous solution (for add water inventory 30%).Take fludioxonil 3.0%, Diacloden 2.0%, aminoacids complex 3.0%, potassium primary phosphate 2.0%, ferrous sulfate 0.2%, boric acid 0.2%, manganous sulfate 0.3%, copper sulfate 0.1%, zinc sulfate 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.1%, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins 2.0%, choline chloride 60 4.0%, sodium nitrophenolate 0.05%, ethanol 5.0%, acid scarlet 1.0%, pour in mixing tank, with NaOH saturated aqueous solution, regulate pH to 7.0 again, then add water to quantitatively, stir.Drop into colloidal mill and grind more than 10 minutes, require seed coat agent fineness standard to be: the particle of≤2 μ m reaches more than 92%, and the particle of≤4 μ m reaches more than 95%, obtains ginseng seed coat agent.
D. ginseng seed coat agent.By weight percentage, take 1.0% sodium alginate, pour in nontoxic mixing tank, by the water dissolution of 3 times of amounts, then add 30% of water inventory.Take carbendazol wettable powder 4.0%, thiram wettable powder 4.0%, Diacloden 2.0%, aminoacids complex 3.0%, potassium primary phosphate 2.0%, ferrous sulfate 0.2%, boric acid 0.2%, manganous sulfate 0.3%, copper sulfate 0.1%, zinc sulfate 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.1%, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins 2.0%, choline chloride 60 4.0%, sodium nitrophenolate 0.05%, ethanol 5.0%, acid scarlet 1.0%, pour in mixing tank, with NaOH saturated aqueous solution, regulate pH to 7.0 again, then add water to quantitatively, stir.Drop into colloidal mill and grind more than 10 minutes, require seed coat agent fineness standard to be: the particle of≤2 μ m reaches more than 92%, and the particle of≤4 μ m reaches more than 95%, obtains ginseng seed coat agent.
Test method:
Ginseng seed is poured in the plastics bag that Drug coating is housed, pesticide-seeds ratio is 1: 50, the sack of holding with a firm grip, and make to be full of air in bag, then fully shake, until seed pelleting is even, more vexed 2h, take out and dry in the shade to tack-free.
Ploughing depth 20cm experimental field, community area 10.0m
2, random alignment.Be seeded in spring soil and carry out after thawing, seeding row spacing 4.0 cm * 4.0cm, 1, every cave, broadcasts rear earthing 4cm, suitably suppression, mulching straw 5cm, then sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity is advisable to touch bottom wet soil.The measures such as other prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, fertilising and field management are undertaken by normal requirement.
After planting lifting on September 15 next year (2 years seedlings), investigates ginseng seed pelleting effect before transplanting autumn.
2, test-results
1) ginseng Major Diseases in seedling stage is samping off, damping-off and rust rot.Result of study shows (table 1), and contrast (a, b) disease incidence is respectively 11.4% and 12.2%, and pest damage rate is respectively 2.6% and 3.2%; After ginseng seed dressing (c, d), disease incidence is respectively 4.6% and 5.4%, and pest damage rate is respectively 0.2% and 0.6%, and ginseng disease and pest incidence contrasts remarkable reduction.
The impact of table 1 ginseng seed dressing on disease and pest incidence
Note: the mean number of data Wei Mei community random searching 500 strains
2) impact of ginseng seed coat agent on Ginseng Growth.Result of study shows (table 2), and contrast (a, b) root is heavily respectively 4.7g and 4.5g, and root length is respectively 14.7cm and 14.1cm.After ginseng seed dressing, (c, d) root is heavily respectively 5.4g and 5.2g, and root length is respectively 15.8cm and 15.5cm, and contrast is all significantly increased.
The impact of table 2 seed pelleting on Ginseng Growth
| Process | Root weight/g | Root length/cm |
| a（CK1） | 4.7 | 14.7 |
| b（CK2） | 4.5 | 14.1 |
| c | 5.4 | 15.8 |
| d | 5.2 | 15.5 |
Note: the mean number of data Wei Mei community random searching 200 strains
3) ginseng seed dressing is on depositing the impact of seedling rate and output.Result of study shows (table 3), and contrast (a, b) is deposited seedling rate and is respectively 87.8% and 86.4%, and output is respectively 2.14 kg/m
2with 2.07 kg/m
2, between a, b process, difference is not remarkable; After ginseng seed dressing, (c, d) deposits seedling rate and is respectively 95.6% and 95.0%, and output is respectively 2.45 kg/m
2with 2.43 kg/m
2, and compare, to deposit seedling rate and improve, output extremely significantly increases.
Table 3 ginseng seed dressing is on depositing the impact of seedling rate and output
Note: the mean number of data Wei Mei community random searching 500 strains; With control group comparison,
*p < 0.05,
*p < 0.01
3, conclusion
Ginseng seed dressing can improve ginseng resistance, promotes growth and improve output.
embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Preparation 100kg ginseng seed coat agent, takes 2.0kg chitosan, pours in nontoxic mixing tank, dissolve, then to add concentration is 0.1% Tegin 55G aqueous solution 30kg with the acetic acid (50 ℃) of 6.0kg 1.5% concentration.Take fludioxonil 3.0kg, Diacloden 2.0kg, aminoacids complex 3.0kg, potassium primary phosphate 2.0kg, ferrous sulfate 0.2kg, boric acid 0.2kg, manganous sulfate 0.3kg, copper sulfate 0.1kg, zinc sulfate 0.2kg, ammonium molybdate 0.1kg, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins 2.0kg, choline chloride 60 4.0kg, sodium nitrophenolate 0.05kg, ethanol 5.0kg, acid scarlet 1.0kg, pour in mixing tank, with NaOH saturated aqueous solution, regulate pH to 7.0, then add water to quantitatively, stir.Above-mentioned mixed solution is dropped into colloidal mill and grind more than 10 minutes, require seed coat agent fineness standard to be: the particle of≤2 μ m reaches more than 92%, and the particle of≤4 μ m reaches more than 95%, obtains ginseng seed coat agent.
Embodiment 2:
Prepare 100kg ginseng seed coat agent, take the sodium alginate of 1.0kg, pour in nontoxic mixing tank, use 3.0kg water dissolution, then add 30kg water.Take carbendazol wettable powder 5.0kg, thiram wettable powder 5.0kg, Diacloden 2.0kg, aminoacids complex 3.0kg, potassium primary phosphate 3.0kg, ferrous sulfate 0.2kg, boric acid 0.3kg, manganous sulfate 0.3kg, copper sulfate 0.1kg, zinc sulfate 0.3kg, ammonium molybdate 0.1kg, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins 2.0kg, choline chloride 60 4.0kg, sodium nitrophenolate 0.05kg, ethanol 5.0kg, acid scarlet 1.0kg, pour in mixing tank, with NaOH saturated aqueous solution, regulate pH to 7.0, then add water to quantitatively, stir.Above-mentioned mixed solution is dropped into colloidal mill and grind more than 10 minutes, require seed coat agent fineness standard to be: the particle of≤2 μ m reaches more than 92%, and the particle of≤4 μ m reaches more than 95%, obtains ginseng seed coat agent.
Seed pelleting: can select the seed pelleting machine of different model to carry out dressing, operation is carried out by apparatus and process requirement.Protein content is dressing by hand, first seed is poured in the plastics bag that seed coat agent is housed, pesticide-seeds ratio is 1: 50, the sack of holding with a firm grip, and make to be full of in bag air, then fully shake, until seed pelleting is even, more vexed 2h, then dry in the shade to not touching with one's hand, complete ginseng seed dressing, then can sow.
Ginseng seed coat agent of the present invention is for the dressing of the ginseng seed that do not germinate, and Drug coating should be prepared prior to seeding, if can not use immediately after preparation, deposits after 7 days and can produce demixing phenomenon, but do not affect result of use after shaking up.
Above embodiment is only for illustrating the specific embodiment of the present invention.Those skilled in the art, according to thought of the present invention, can change in specific embodiments and applications to some extent, and this specification sheets should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method for preparation and use of ginseng seed coat agent, it is characterized in that: be to be main ingredient by membrane-forming agent, sterilant, sterilant, nutritive element, plant-growth regulator, permeate agent and warning colouration, make by weight percentage seed coat agent, then carry out seed pelleting.
2. the preparation method of ginseng seed coat agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
1) membrane-forming agent and consumption are selected following a kind of: chitosan dosage is 1.0%～4.0%, and it is 0.05%～0.20% that chitosan adds Tegin 55G, consumption during as membrane-forming agent; Sodium alginate consumption is 0.5%～1.5%; Sudan Gum-arabic consumption is 1.0%～6.0%; Polyvinyl alcohol consumption is 0.5%～2.0%;
2) disease control medicament and consumption are following one or more composite: 2.5% fludioxonil consumption is that 1.0%～5.0%, 50% carbendazol wettable powder consumption is that 2.0～6.0%, 50% thiram wettable powder consumption is 2.0～6.0%;
3) pest control medicament and consumption are selected below a kind of: 70% Diacloden consumption is that 0.5%～3.0%, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate consumption is 0.5%～3.0%;
4) what nutritive element and consumption were following one or more fertilizer is composite: aminoacids complex consumption is 1.0%～5.0%, biphosphate potassium application rate is 1.0%～4.0%, ferrous sulfate consumption is 0.1%～0.5%, boric acid consumption is 0.1%～0.4%, manganous sulfate consumption is 0.1%～0.5%, copper sulfate consumption is 0.05%～0.2%, and zinc sulfate consumption is 0.1%～0.4%, and ammonium molybdate consumption is 0.05%～0.2%;
5) plant-growth regulator and consumption are that following 3 kinds of mixing are used: Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins consumption is 1.0%～5.0%, and choline chloride 60 consumption is 2.0%～8.0%, and sodium nitrophenolate consumption is 0.03%～0.08%;
6) permeate agent is ethanol, and consumption is 2.0～8.0%;
7) warning colouration is acid scarlet, famille rose or rose-red, and consumption is 0.5%～1.5%;
8) saturated aqueous solution that pH adjusting agent is NaOH;
9) surplus is water.
3. the using method of ginseng seed coat agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: select and said components is measured, first membrane-forming agent is poured in nontoxic mixing tank and dissolved, then the water that adds total amount 30%～50%, add again agricultural chemicals, nutritive element, plant-growth regulator, permeate agent and warning colouration, with NaOH saturated solution, regulate pH to 7.0, then add water to quantitatively, stir, dropping into colloidal mill grinds more than 10 minutes, require seed coat agent fineness standard to be: the particle of≤2 μ m reaches more than 92%, the particle of≤4 μ m reaches more than 95%, obtain ginseng seed coat agent.
4. the using method of ginseng seed coat agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Can select the seed pelleting machine of different model to carry out dressing, concrete operations are carried out by apparatus and process requirement; Protein content is dressing by hand, first seed is poured in the plastics bag that seed coat agent is housed, pesticide-seeds ratio is 1: 40～60, the sack of holding with a firm grip, and make to be full of in bag air, then fully shake, until seed pelleting is even, more vexed 2～3h, then dry in the shade to not touching with one's hand, complete ginseng seed dressing, then can sow.
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Application publication date: 20140326 |