CN103648751B - 用于生产塑料容器的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产塑料容器的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103648751B
CN103648751B CN201280034822.0A CN201280034822A CN103648751B CN 103648751 B CN103648751 B CN 103648751B CN 201280034822 A CN201280034822 A CN 201280034822A CN 103648751 B CN103648751 B CN 103648751B
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China
Prior art keywords
insert
hole
mould
housing
chamber wall
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CN201280034822.0A
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CN103648751A (zh
Inventor
C·埃尔泽塞尔
J·希尔德
M·许岑
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Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
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Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/97—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts
    • B29C66/976—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts by the use of an indicator pin, e.g. being integral with one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06905—Using combined techniques for making the preform
    • B29C49/0691—Using combined techniques for making the preform using sheet like material, e.g. sheet blow-moulding from joined sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/12—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/266—Auxiliary operations after the thermoforming operation
    • B29C51/267—Two sheets being thermoformed in separate mould parts and joined together while still in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
    • B29C65/028—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for making use of inherent heat, i.e. the heat for the joining comes from the moulding process of one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/609—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being plunge-formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及由热塑性材料制造具有插入件（13）的塑料容器（15）的方法，通过利用塑化的热，插入件在塑料容器（15）成形期间借助材料结合和/或互锁连接部被连接到容器壁（140），其中所述方法利用了在所述插入件（13）上的至少一个孔（26），该孔形成用于容器壁（140）的塑化或塑料材料的熔体管道或熔体入口和/或熔体通道，其中所述方法的特征在于，孔（26）作为基准孔（26）在形成连接部期间借助光学和/或感测装置被监测，其中容器壁（140）的热塑性材料穿过孔（26）的程度用作评估连接质量。

Description

用于生产塑料容器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及由热塑性材料制造具有插入件的塑料容器的方法，通过利用塑化的热，插入件在塑料容器成形期间借助材料结合和/或互锁连接部被连接到容器壁，其中所述方法利用了在所述插入件上的至少一个孔，该孔形成用于容器壁的塑化或塑料材料的熔体管道或熔体入口和/或熔体通道。
背景技术
例如根据DE102006006469A1该方法是已知的。其中描述的方法涉及生产封装插入件的产品，该产品是热塑性材料的中空制品。所述方法涉及在腔形成模具的打开部件之间挤出一个或多个塑化塑料材料的板式或管状型坯，其中待封装在成品中的至少一个插入件被放置在模具的部件之间，并且模具围绕型坯闭合。在闭合的模具内，型坯被成形为形成中空制品，其中刚成形之后或成形期间，插入件压靠处于塑性状态的产品的内壁，以便中空制品的塑料材料经过并流动到插入件的至少一个凹部或开口后面，从而借助容器壁的热的塑料材料实现插入件的一种现场“铆接”。如果插入件与容器壁是相容的，其同时也与容器壁熔接，以便所述插入件通过互锁连接部和通过材料结合被固定到容器壁。
已经惊奇地发现在插入件和容器之间的铆钉状连接可承受较高负载。
特别是，如果容器呈燃料箱的形式，定位在其中的插入件必须能甚至在快速加速和减速情况下和在转弯期间吸收较大的力，这些力也通过燃料箱中来回晃动的燃料质量而产生。因此可靠的紧固是必要的。
在这方面根据DE102006006469A1的方法是完全令人满意的，但其实际上不能在生产容器期间或甚至之后评估连接部分的质量。这特别地是因为根据DE102006006469A1中描述的方法所生产的容器仅具有在其中设置的较小的孔，这使容器中所有插入件的视觉检查复杂。
因此期望将该生产方法改进为对插入件和容器壁之间的连接能进行特别简单的质量控制。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是改进上述类型的方法，以便能较简单且可靠地进行插入件连接到塑料容器的壁的质量监控。
所述目的通过以下方法实现，所述方法用于由热塑性材料制造具有至少一个插入件的塑料容器，通过利用塑化的热，插入件在塑料容器成形期间借助材料结合和/或互锁连接部被连接到容器壁，其中所述方法利用了在所述插入件上的至少一个孔，该孔形成用于容器壁的塑化或塑料材料的熔体管道和/或熔体入口和/或熔体通道，其中所述方法的特征在于，孔作为基准孔在形成连接部期间借助光学和/或感测装置被监测，并且容器壁的热塑性材料穿过孔的程度用作评估连接质量。
这种质量监控在插入件仅通过熔接形式的材料结合被连接到容器壁的情况下也是有意义和有利的。在这种情况下，穿过基准孔的程度可例如用作评估熔接期间所需的接触压力是否被维持。当熔接塑料材料时本质上的因素是待熔接的材料与同一种塑料的相容性、熔接连接区域中的温度、产生熔接期间的接合时间和接触压力。
本发明利用借助传感器、感测装置或光学/视觉评估装置来检测插入件所移动的或穿过插入件的质量作为所获得的插入件和塑料容器壁的连接质量的基准。例如，从基准孔突出的熔体头的直径可被光学地测量，可选地测量熔柱在基准孔中升起的高度是可能的且是有意义的。所有测量或监测操作通常在生产塑料容器期间即时进行，即，实时进行，以便在连接质量不够好的情况下，塑料容器可立即从生产线移除。在一个插入件上的基准孔也可当然地允许得出有关其他插入件连接到容器壁的质量的结论。根据本发明，在具有多个插入件（其设置在容器壁上）的塑料容器中，在单个插入件上仅单个基准孔用于该目的，以便能进行其他插入件连接到塑料容器的质量监控和质量控制。
通到传感器壳体的腔内的孔也可用作基准孔。这种传感器壳体可例如设置在插入件上。传感器壳体在这里可容纳在容器中没有安装的传感器。
根据本发明的塑料容器可大体呈燃料箱的形式。可例如被考虑的插入件是缓冲罐、液位传感器、排气阀、用于管线的固定脚等。
提供的塑性材料可例如是基于HDPE（高密度聚乙烯）的具有碳氢化合物阻隔层的多层材料。
根据本发明的方法的有利实施例的特征在于，将至少一个紧固孔设置在插入件上，处于塑性状态的容器壁的塑料材料经过该孔，以便形成连接部，其中所述方法用热塑性材料穿过所述基准孔的程度评估穿过紧固孔的程度。孔或孔口不需要必须被设置为紧固孔，但是插入件可替代地设有例如一个或多个轮廓，所述一个或多个轮廓在插入件面向容器壁的一侧形成底切部。例如在这里可考虑燕尾轮廓部。
通常基准孔的唯一目的是质量监测且绝不具有紧固功能。
根据本发明的方法的优选的变型提供了：将在实现预定穿过程度时产生测量信号的至少一个温度传感器或至少一个测量电极设置在基准孔中或流动方向上基准孔的下游。如果例如温度传感器与热的熔体接触，那么该接触导致测量传感器处温度的主要升高。
可替代地或额外地，呈活塞或销的形式的至少一个可移动熔体主体可设置在基准孔中，该主体能实现连接质量的视觉检查或接着偏转开关或探测器。可选地，销或柱塞的移动可借助遮光件或借助摄像机被探测。向上升起到基准孔中或从基准孔露出的熔体可利用遮光件或也可利用摄像机被探测。
本发明的一个有利的变型提供了：在多部件式腔形成模具中使塑化的热塑性材料的至少两个平面的板式型坯被成形为形成互补的壳体，并将所述壳体接合在一起以形成大体闭合的中空制品，其中型坯放置在模具的部件之间，所述模具的部件在任何情况下都包括子腔，所述模具的部件被闭合为抵靠设置在型坯之间的模具分隔件，并且利用压差，型坯插入所述子腔内并被成形，其中至少一个插入件在壳体成形之后和/或期间被紧固到至少一个壳体上，并且所述壳体接合在一起以通过闭合模具来形成闭合的中空制品。
板状或片状形式的挤出物可例如在挤出设备上使用具有平模模头的挤出头被形成为多层挤出物。挤出头可设置在多部件式模具上方。该制造方法的一个特别有利的变型提供了：一旦壳体已经成形，模具就在单个方法步骤中被打开，至少一个插入件被紧固到壳体并且通过使模具再闭合，壳体彼此接合以形成成品中空制品。
根据本发明的方法具有优点：仅简单的模具分隔件（其仅需提供密封功能）被要求用来使壳体成形。模具分隔件的结构深度可设计为独立于待引入到中空制品的插入件的位置和布置，以便其不必再沿重力方向从模具上方引导片状或板状形式的被挤出的型坯。型坯可在由挤出头预定的相对于彼此的一定距离处被挤出，而不必特别通过使用滚式传送机、操纵件、夹紧件、加热头等在该距离处被保持或引导。当使用如在DE102006042065A1中描述的挤出头时这是特别有利的，其中共挤出物的管状熔体流在挤出头内被流体通道的对应的分割部件分成板式的两个大体平面的熔体流。
该方法还具有优点：待引入中空制品或燃料箱的一个或多个插入件可在模具打开时被操作。
例如，插入件可通过传统的3D操纵器被引入，3D操纵器可在吹塑设备上在合适位置被设置。
在这种情况下，摄像机可例如设置在操纵器上，借助该摄像机插入件连接到容器壁的质量被监控。可选地，一个或多个摄像机可设置在模具自身上。
如上述的，壳体通过利用挤出物的第一热，即，利用由于挤出产生的塑化的热而优选地成形。该热同样用于通过材料结合和/或互锁连接部而将所述的插入件连接到容器壁。在与容器壁连接之前例如通过熔接板部件、红外加热元件等来加热插入件在这里没有被排除。
附图说明
将参考在附图中示出的示例性实施例来说明本发明。
在附图中：
图1a是制造循环开始和结束时根据本发明的装置的示意图，
图1b是图1a中示出的布置的平面图，
图1c是沿图1中的线C-C的部分剖视图，
图2是对应于图1b的视图，其中模具闭合为抵靠设置在型坯之间的模具分隔件，
图3示出将型坯成形为壳体，
图4是使壳体成形之后打开的模具的平面图，
图5是在插入件即将插入之前的打开的模具的视图，
图6是在插入件插入时的闭合的模具的平面图，
图7是在插入件插入后的闭合的模具的平面图，
图8是在插入件插入后的打开的模具的平面图，
图9a-9c是出于将壳体接合在一起以形成成品的目的在模具即将闭合之前的对应于图1a-1c的视图，
图10是具有成品的闭合的模具平面图，
图11a-11c是示出取出成品的对应于图1a-1c的视图，
图12是根据本发明的插入件件的分解视图；
图13是插入件的紧固基部的视图，
图14是图1中的III的详细视图，其特别说明了基准孔的布置，
图15a-15b示出说明基准孔的其他视图，
图16a-16b是具有可移动检测元件的插入件的替代性改进，可移动的检测元件呈设置在基准孔中的销的形式。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1a-1b，图1a-1b示出了用于实施根据本发明的方法的吹塑模具1和挤出头2的示意图。吹塑模具1包括两个吹塑半模3，吹塑半模以已知方式紧固到模具压板4上并可背离和朝向彼此移动，以用于打开和闭合运动的目的。虽然在上面使用了“吹塑半模”，但各模具部件(任何情况下都形成子腔5）均是多部件式结构的情况也处在本发明的范围内。每个吹塑半模3都不需要必须形成半个模具或半个型腔/腔室。吹塑半模3的分型面同样不需要必须将模具在几何形状上分成两半。
模具压板4是机座框架的一部分，其没有被更详细地示出并且相对于固定地设置的挤出头2是可移动的，如图中所示的。
挤出头2以非常简化的形式示出在附图中；挤出头包括两个平头模头6，型坯7（其以直线延形式伸入附图的平面内）在任何情况下都以悬吊的方式（即，沿着重力方向）由平头模头连续地挤出为片状或板状的形式。型坯7优选在任何情况下由总共六层的挤出物构成，这六层包括碳黑色的外HDPE层、基于HDPE的再生（再磨）层、具有偶合剂的在两侧被围绕的EVOH阻隔层，和其他无色的HDPE层。偶合剂层可例如是LDPE基的。
除了机座框架（未示出）之外，根据本发明的吹塑成型模具1包括机架8，机架8相对于机座框架可移动并且相对于模具压板4的打开和关闭移动是横向的。模具分隔件9和构件承载件10设置成在机架8上彼此间隔开。
模具分隔件9大体呈密封框的形式，其周界密封面11限定周边轮廓，周边轮廓大致跟随吹塑半模3的子腔5的周界。
构件承载件10类似地呈中间框架的形式，其中设置各构件保持件12，构件保持件12呈具有紧固装置的气动活塞缸装置的形式。
附图示出模具分隔件9和构件承载件或中央框架的结构深度大致相等，这特别出于简化的目的。模具分隔件9的结构深度实际上小于构件承载件10的结构深度。在这种最最简单的情况下，模具分隔件9可呈简单的板的形式，可选地具有用于向腔施加吹塑压力的装置。
在机架8上的构件承载件10和模具分隔件9之间的距离大约对应于（大于或等于）模具夹架或模具压板4的宽度。
如已提到的，也可这样设置：将构件承载件10和模具分隔件9设置成在机架上相对于彼此可滑动。在这种情况下，移动范围必须大于或等于模具压板4的宽度。
图1a-1b示出分别在操作循环的结束和开始时的吹塑模具1。这种操作循环首先包括将型坯7连续挤出成大约对应于吹塑半模3的高度的长度，如在图1c中示出的。型坯7被挤出到打开的吹塑半模3之间，具体说来在任何情况下都在吹塑半模3之间，并且模具分隔件9设置在吹塑半模3之间。在图2中示出的其他方法步骤中，吹塑半模3闭合成抵靠设置在其间的模具分隔件9，在挤出头2夹断和/或切断型坯7，可选地，借助了用于分离被连续挤出的型坯7的其他工具。在吹塑半模3闭合的同时，在挤出头下方的机座框架移动开，如在图2中示出的。吹塑模具1的腔或型腔关闭，这时模具分隔件9吸收吹塑半模3的夹紧力，并同时密封吹塑模具1的腔。通过施加真空和/或正压，型坯7放置在吹塑半模3的子腔5中并被成形，如图3中所示的。吹塑半模打开，并且在平面图中，相对于机架8向左移动，如图4中所示的。在这里，机架8相对于机座框架和吹塑半模3可移动还是吹塑半模和模具压板4相对于机架8可移动是不重要的。这是能自由选择的并且取决于可用于安装吹塑模具1和挤出头2的空间。
在其他方法步骤中（图5），构件承载件10布置在吹塑半模3之间。吹塑半模3然后再闭合。在该操作期间不要求以密封的方式完成吹塑半模3的闭合。因此使吹塑半模3闭合成抵靠构件承载件10的步骤仅是可选的。
在其他方法步骤中，在构件承载件10内的构件保持件12（构件保持件10在操作循环开始时设有插入件13）向形成在子腔5中的壳体14移动。利用源自构件保持件12的提升运动施加的力，插入件13被接合或紧固到壳体14。
在附图中，该操作示出为仅涉及一个壳体14，但是本发明应被理解为表示：插入件13可紧固到一个或两个壳体14。
以例如在德国专利申请DE102006006469A1（其全部内容作为参考，以用于公开的目的）中描述的方式，通过铆接可进行这种紧固。
最后，构件保持件12缩回到他们的起始位置（图6），吹塑模具1打开，即，吹塑半模3彼此背离地移动（图8）。模具压板4移动到图9b中示出的起始位置、在模具分隔件9和构件承载件10之间，然后吹塑半模完成闭合移动，其中设置在其间的壳体14在边缘处被熔接在一起（图10）。同时，模具分隔件9已经放置在型坯7之间（另一循环）。同时，构件保持件12设有插入件13。
最后，吹塑半模3打开（图11b）并且呈燃料箱15的形式的设有插入件13的成品从打开的模具提出（图11b、图1a）。
呈排气阀16的形式的插入件13通过图13中的实例被示出。排气阀16包括阀体17，阀体17设有管接头18，以用于连接通风管和紧固基部19，紧固基部19借助闩锁片20（其进入对应的闩锁凹部21）卡扣连接/闩锁到阀体17。
排气阀16的紧固基部19设有三个紧固凸耳部22，每个凸耳部包括孔23。孔23呈沉头圆孔的形式并且容纳包括沉头25的铆钉销24，沉头头部25具有对应于孔23的沉头孔的轮廓。
铆钉销24由热塑性材料制成，并且通过注塑成型被预制造，并且在将排气阀16插入燃料箱之前被插入紧固基部19的相关孔23中。
铆钉销类似地由HDPE构成，并且在这方面同样与容器壁140的内层相容。
在示出的示例性实施例中，排气阀16设有可移除的且可闩锁的紧固基部19；大体上其也可是一体式结构。
在根据本发明的方法中，设有铆钉销24的紧固基部19在容器成形期间借助穿过孔23的铆钉销24被熔接至容器壁。所述的铆钉销24借助合适的工具被驱动穿过孔23进入处于容器壁的处于熔化温度的仍热的塑料内层，以便铆钉销24的杆与容器壁的内层相熔合，并且另一方面铆钉销24的沉头头部25完全配合在孔23内。
使用操作器借助类似冲头的装置，使具有设置在其上的铆钉销的紧固基部19例如压靠在子腔5中成形的型坯7。
在紧固基部19的接触表面的区域中的温度和接触表面对于紧固的质量是决定性的。
出于质量监控的目的，在紧固基部19的至少一个紧固凸耳22中设置基准孔26，该基准孔的直径可例如明显小于孔23的直径。该基准孔26形成熔体管道，当紧固基部19受压就位时，仍处于熔化温度的型坯7或容器壁的热的塑料材料被驱动经过该熔体管道。热塑性材料穿过基准孔26的程度可用于评估所获得的熔接连接的质量。熔体穿过基准孔的程度可借助光学或接触式感测装置被检测。在最简单的情况下，摄像机可例如设置在操纵器上，以用于引入插入件13。
除了上述的铆钉紧固之外，也可这样设置：孔23不设有铆钉销而是相反地同样被处于熔化温度的容器壁材料穿过，以便实现插入件13的一种现场“铆接”。例如，处于熔化温度的塑料材料（其穿过插入件13的孔23）可形成变宽的铆钉头，该铆钉头以互锁方式将插入件13或紧固基部19固定在容器壁140上。
通过图16中的实例示出将插入件13紧固在容器壁140上的另一变型。插入件13在其面向容器壁的一侧上设有异形底部27。底部27具有燕尾轮廓部，以便当插入件13的底部27被压入仍处于熔化温度的容器壁内或被压入放置在子腔5中的型坯7内时，处于熔化温度的材料接合在眼尾轮廓28的底切部后面。基准孔26（销29插入其中）另外地设置在插入件的底部27中。销29完全穿过插入件13，以便销29的伸出插入件13的顶部30是例如可光学检测的。
销29可例如设有在插入件13的内部中的绕组，该绕组被引入线圈主体内，以便例如在形成连接部期间销29行进的距离是可通过电的方式检测的。
附图标记列表
1 吹塑模具
2 挤出头
3 吹塑半模
4 模具压板
5 子腔
6 平模模头
7 型坯
8 机架
9 模具分隔件
10 构件承载件
11 密封面
12 构件保持件
13 插入件
14 壳体
15 燃料箱（产品）
16 排气阀
17 阀体
18 管接头
19 紧固基部
20 闩锁片
21 闩锁凹部
22 紧固凸耳部
23 孔
24 铆钉销
25 沉头头部
26 基准孔
27 插入件底部
28 燕尾轮廓部
29 销
30 销顶部
140 容器壁

Claims (9)

1.一种用于由热塑性材料制造具有至少一个插入件的塑料容器的方法，通过利用塑化的热，所述至少一个插入件在塑料容器成形期间借助材料结合和/或互锁连接部被连接到容器壁，其中所述方法利用了在所述插入件上的至少一个孔，所述至少一个孔形成用于容器壁的塑化或塑料材料的熔体管道和/或熔体入口和/或熔体通道，其特征在于，所述孔作为基准孔而在形成所述连接部期间借助光学和/或感测装置而被监测，其中容器壁的热塑性材料穿过所述孔的程度用作评估所述连接部质量的标准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将至少一个紧固孔设置在插入件上，处于塑性状态的容器壁的塑料材料经过所述至少一个紧固孔，以便形成所述连接部，其中所述方法用热塑性材料穿过所述基准孔的程度来作为评估穿过所述紧固孔的程度的标准。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将插入件以平面方式熔接到容器壁，其中所述方法用热塑性材料穿过所述基准孔的程度来作为评估熔接的连接部的质量的标准。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述插入件设有形成底切部的至少一个紧固表面，其中当插入件接合到容器壁时处于熔化温度的塑料材料流到所述底切部的后面，并且所述方法用热塑性材料穿过所述基准孔的程度来作为评估所述插入件的固定质量的标准。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将在获得预定的穿过程度时产生测量信号的至少一个温度传感器或至少一个测量电极设置在基准孔中或沿流动方向在所述基准孔的下游。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将呈活塞或销的形式的至少一个熔体可移动的主体设置在基准孔中，所述主体能实现连接部质量的视觉和/或感测检查。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在多部件式腔形成模具中使塑化的热塑性材料的至少两个平面的板式型坯成形而形成互补的壳体，并将所述壳体接合在一起以形成大体闭合的中空制品，其中所述型坯放置在模具的部件之间，所述模具的部件在任何情况下都包括子腔，所述模具的部件被闭合而抵靠设置在所述型坯之间的模具分隔件，并且利用压差，将所述型坯插入所述子腔内并成形，其中至少一个插入件在至少一个壳体成形之后和/或期间被紧固到所述至少一个壳体上，并且所述壳体接合在一起以通过使模具闭合而形成闭合的中空制品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，一旦壳体已经成形，模具就在单个方法步骤中被打开，插入件紧固到至少一个壳体，并且通过使模具再闭合而使壳体彼此接合以形成成品中空制品。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，通过设置在模具或机械臂上的至少一个摄像机，在使插入件紧固期间进行基准孔的视觉检测和监测。
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