CN103636340A - Method for applying fertilizer in fruiting period according to fruit growth speed of crops - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for applying a fertilizer in a fruiting period according to the fruit growth speed of crops. The method comprises the steps: firstly, after the fruiting period is started, establishing a fertilizer applying amount standard table of the number of growth days, fruit diameters, daily fruit diameter variation and fertilizer applying amount of the crops in a standard plant sample region in a fruiting period, then measuring a fruit diameter and a daily fruit diameter variation value of each crop in the fruiting period in a region to be fertilized, and calculating the fruit diameters, the daily fruit diameter variation values and the fertilizer applying amount values of the crops having the same number of growth days with that of the crops in the fertilizer applying amount standard table of the standard plant sample region after the fruiting period is started to obtain the fertilizer applying amount value of the crops in the same day. The method can be used in the field of accurate irrigation and fertilizer application of modern agriculture, has the advantages of facilitating the control of the growth speed of fruits of the crops, increasing the fertilizer utilization rate, reducing the dependency of agriculture non-point source pollution and crop fertilizer application to the knowledge level of a user and reducing the labor intensity, and can be applied to the fertilizer application of the solanaceous crops cultured in a greenhouse in the fruiting period.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern agriculture precision irrigation fertilising field, particularly relate to a kind of method of carrying out fruiting period fertilising according to crop and fruit growth rate.
Background technology
Rapidly, the industrialized agriculture gross area ranks first in the world China's facilities horticulture development, to promoting socio-economic development to play great function.But because facility is produced, output is large, fertilizer requirement is many, soil fertility consumes high; and many areas adopt soilless culture; therefore, facility cultivation often there will be the symptoms such as the out of proportion or nutritional deficiency of the main nutrient elements such as nitrogen, potassium, directly affects the yield and quality of crop.It is fast that some producers blindly pursue crop production in order to go on the market in advance, and the large fertilizer of flood, not only causes waste and the environment pollution of area source of fertilizer, and can cause crop excessive growth, so that the reduction of quality, the even underproduction.
Traditional fertilizing method be take the producer's experience as main, diagnose by rule of thumb the rich of crop alimentary to lack, often will wait until when symptom is obvious and just can judge, and now may to crop, cause injury, and diagnosis has subjectivity and individual difference by rule of thumb, and mistaken diagnosis easily occurs.Chinese Patent Application No. 201210010383.1 discloses a kind of by burying for a long time checkout gear and the monitoring system that is placed on the checkout gear in soil and the fertility of the relative moisture of soil and soil is monitored; In 201210440054.0, disclose a kind of in the situation that fully understanding soil condition according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of crops, fertilizer provision from soil performance and fertilizer effect, proposed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and in, the Optimum of fertilizer and the soil testing and formulated fertilization method of ratio such as trace element.The weak point of these methods is to carry out dynamic regulation crop institute fertilizer requirement according to the actual growth information of crop plant, disposable executing down, fertilizer concentration can spread, permeate, and can cause fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, is difficult to accomplish accurately, applies fertilizer efficiently.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of carrying out fruiting period fertilising according to crop and fruit growth rate, so that fertilizing amount is carried out to dynamic regulation, reach raising utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce pollution of area source, increase the object of crop and fruit yield and quality.
In order to solve above technical problem, the present invention utilizes crop fruiting period according to fruit growth speed, instructs the concrete technical scheme of crop fertilization as follows:
According to crop and fruit growth rate, carry out a method for fruiting period fertilising, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, Criterion sample district
Cultivate the crop of a collection of nutrient supply abundance as standard plant sample area, when fruiting period starts, in standard plant sample area, choose at random m strain crop as standard plant sample, m ∈ [20,60]; On every strain standard plant sample, select at random l fruit as sample fruit, l ∈ [3,8];
Step 2, record fruit growth speed and the same day fertilizing amount
Note standard plant sample area crop is being measured the same day for start the n days of growth from fruiting period, and fruiting period starts to be designated as n=0 the same day; Every day the sample fruit on Measuring Time record standard plant sample diameter, get the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of fruit diameter that all sample fruits measure the same day as the fruit diameter of this standard plant sample area crop, be designated as D
n; The average amount of fertilizer applied of the every strain crop in record standard plant every day sample area, is designated as F
n;
Step 3, calculates the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of standard plant sample area
The fruit diameter that the same day is measured in definition is fruit diameter diurnal variation value with the difference of measuring the fruit diameter of the previous day, and the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of note standard plant sample area is △ D
n, n>=1,
△D
n=D
n-D
n-1（1）
In formula, D
nfor the crop and fruit diameter of standard plant sample area, D
n-1for measuring the crop and fruit diameter of the previous day in standard plant sample area;
Step 4, the fertilizing amount criteria table of Criterion plant sample area
The crop and fruit diameter D that the growth number of days n of take is the 1st row, standard plant sample area
nbe the 2nd row, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nbe the 3rd row, fertilizing amount F
nbe the 4th row, the n of same growth number of days, D
n, △ D
nand F
nin same a line, the mode increasing progressively downwards with n, the fertilizing amount criteria table of Criterion plant sample area;
Step 5, calculates the average amount of fertilizer applied for the treatment of the every strain crop in fertilization area
Choose at random i strain crop as treating fertilization area plant sample, i ∈ [3,30] treating fertilization area; The growth number of days of note after fertilization area crop fruiting period starts is n, and fruiting period starts n=0 on the same day; In every strain, treat on the plant sample of fertilization area that j fruit of random selection is as treating fertilization area sample fruit, j ∈ [3,8]; Treat the diameter for the treatment of fertilization area sample fruit fertilization area plant sample at Measuring Time record every day, gets needed fertilization area sample fruit and measure the fruit diameter that the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of the fruit diameter on the same day is treated fertilization area crop as this, is designated as
note treats that the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of fertilization area plant sample is
n>=1,
computational methods cotype (1); Note average amount of fertilizer applied of n days every strain crops after fertilization area fruiting period starts is
determine as follows
In formula,
average amount of fertilizer applied for n days every strain crops after fertilization area fruiting period starts;
F
0the number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is 0 day corresponding fertilizing amount, and fruiting period starts the fertilizing amount on the same day;
D
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for query steps four is n days corresponding crop and fruit diameters;
△ D
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding crop and fruit diameter diurnal variation values;
F
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding fertilizing amount;
If
Get
If
, get
Step 6, treats fertilization area fertilising
According to step 5, calculate
be multiplied by and treat fertilization area Crop Species plant number, obtain treating total fertilizing amount of fertilization area, after fertilization time starts, be once applied to and treat fertilization area.
Measuring Time in described step 1 and step 5 refer to crop genetics ground at sunrise between before
In 0.5h.
In described step 5, if treat that the growth number of days of fertilization area has surpassed the growth number of days in the fertilizing amount criteria table that step 4 sets up, crop and fruit diameter D in formula (2)
n, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nwith fertilizing amount F
nvalue is the crop and fruit diameter D of last column in the fertilizing amount criteria table set up of step 4
n, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nwith fertilizing amount F
ncorresponding value.
Fertilization time in described step 6 refer to crop genetics ground at sunrise between after 0.5h to 2h.
The present invention has beneficial effect.The present invention instructs the fertilising of crop fruiting period according to crop and fruit diameter and fruit diameter diurnal variation, can effectively control the fruit growth speed of crop, promotes nutritious substances accumulation in fruit, for improving the yield and quality of fruit, lays the first stone; According to the actual demand of crop, fertilizing amount is carried out to dynamic provisioning, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area; Automatically according to the growing state of crop, carry out fertilizing amount judgement, can reduce the dependence of crop fertilization management to levels of user sophistication, reduce labor intensity.
Embodiment
In conjunction with specific embodiments crop fertilization method of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
With Zhenjiang areas north latitude 32.202, the fertilizing method that 119.434 kinds of tomato fruiting periods of planting of east longitude start latter 12 days is example, and implementation process is described below.
Step 1, Criterion sample district
Adopt the tomato of a collection of nutrient supply abundance of Japanese mountain rugged tomato formula cultivation as standard plant sample area, when within 2012, May 1, fruiting period started, in standard plant sample area, choose at random 20 strain tomatoes as standard plant sample; On every strain standard plant sample, 3 fruits of random selection are as sample fruit;
Step 2, record fruit growth speed and the same day fertilizing amount
Growth number of days after note standard plant sample area tomato fruiting period starts is n, and fruiting period starts n=0 on the same day; Every day tomato cultivation ground at sunrise between before 0.5h, as on May 1st, 2012 Zhenjiang at sunrise between be 05:15, at sunrise between before 0.5h be 04:45, the diameter of the sample fruit on record standard plant sample, get the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of all sample fruit fruit diameters on the same day as the fruit diameter of this standard plant sample area tomato, be designated as D
n; The average amount of fertilizer applied of the every strain tomato in record standard plant every day sample area, is designated as F
n;
Step 3, calculates the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of standard plant sample area
After definition fruiting period starts n days fruit diameters start with fruiting period after the difference of n-1 days fruit diameters be fruit diameter diurnal variation value, the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of note standard plant sample area is △ D
n, n>=1,
D
n=D
n-D
n1（1）
In formula, D
nfor the tamato fruit diameter of standard plant sample area, D
n-1for the standard plant sample area tamato fruit diameter of the previous day;
Such as fruiting period starts latter the 9th day, D
9=5.3mm, D
8=4.2mm,
△D
9=D
9-D
8=1.1mm/d；
Step 4, the fertilizing amount criteria table of Criterion plant sample area
The fruiting period of take starts rear growth number of days n as the tamato fruit diameter D of the 1st row, standard plant sample area
nbe the 2nd row, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nbe the 3rd row, fertilizing amount F
nbe the 4th row, the n of same growth number of days, D
n, △ D
nand F
nin same a line, the mode increasing progressively downwards with n, the fertilizing amount criteria table of Criterion plant sample area, as shown in table 1;
Table 1 tomato fertilizing amount standard scale
Step 5, calculates the average amount of fertilizer applied for the treatment of the every strain tomato in fertilization area
Treat that fertilization area crop is that east longitude 119.434 fruiting periods start from the tomato of the same kind on May 1st, 2013 at Zhenjiang north latitude 32.202.Choose at random 3 strain tomatoes as treating fertilization area plant sample treating fertilization area; The growth number of days of note after fertilization area tomato fruiting period starts is n, and fruiting period starts n=0 on the same day; In every strain, treat on the plant sample of fertilization area that 3 fruits of random selection are as treating fertilization area sample fruit; Every day tomato cultivation ground at sunrise between before 0.5h, as on May 1st, 2013 Zhenjiang at sunrise between before 0.5h be 04:45, the diameter for the treatment of fertilization area sample fruit on the plant sample of fertilization area treated in record, get the fruit diameter that the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of needed fertilization area sample fruit fruit diameter on the same day is treated fertilization area tomato as this, be designated as
note treats that the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of fertilization area plant sample is
n>=1,
computational methods cotype (1); Note average amount of fertilizer applied of n days every strain tomatoes after fertilization area fruiting period starts is
determine as follows:
In formula,
average amount of fertilizer applied for n days every strain tomatoes after fertilization area fruiting period starts;
F
0the number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is 0 day corresponding fertilizing amount, and fruiting period starts the fertilizing amount on the same day;
D
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding tamato fruit diameters;
for the tamato fruit diameter diurnal variation value of n days after fertilization area fruiting period starts;
△ D
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding tamato fruit diameter diurnal variation values;
F
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding fertilizing amount;
If
Get
If
Get
With after fertilization area fruiting period starts the 9th day on May 10th, 2013 fertilizing amount be calculated as example:
After fruiting period starts the 8th day on May 9th, 2013 Zhenjiang at sunrise between before 0.5h be 04:38, record the fruit diameter that fertilization area plant sample is treated in 9 strains, be respectively 4.1mm, 4.4mm, 4.2mm, 4.5mm, 4.3mm, 3.9mm, 4.2mm, 4.3mm and 4.0mm, arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is 4.21mm,
After fruiting period starts the 9th day is on May 10th, 2013, Zhenjiang at sunrise between before 0.5h be 04:37, record the fruit diameter that fertilization area plant sample is treated in 9 strains, be respectively 5.2mm, 5.6mm, 5.3mm, 5.7mm, 5.4mm, 5.1mm, 5.32mm, 5.5mm and 5.1mm, arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is 5.36mm,
5.36mm;
△D
9=D
9-D
8=1.14mm/d；
Table look-up 1, obtain D
95.3mm, △ D
91.1mm/d, F
9=127.5mL/d strain;
According to formula (2),
Step 6, treats fertilization area fertilising
According to step 5, calculate
be multiplied by and treat fertilization area tomato species plant number 10000 strains, obtain treating that total fertilizing amount of fertilization area is 292800mL, on May 10th, 2013 Zhenjiang at sunrise between after 0.5h be 05:37, be once applied to and treat fertilization area, complete the fertilising task on the same day.
Claims (4)
1. according to crop and fruit growth rate, carry out a method for fruiting period fertilising, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, Criterion sample district
Cultivate the crop of a collection of nutrient supply abundance as standard plant sample area, when fruiting period starts, in standard plant sample area, choose at random m strain crop as standard plant sample, m ∈ [20,60]; On every strain standard plant sample, select at random l fruit as sample fruit, l ∈ [3,8];
Step 2, record fruit growth speed and the same day fertilizing amount
Note standard plant sample area crop is being measured the same day for start the n days of growth from fruiting period, and fruiting period starts to be designated as n=0 the same day; Every day the sample fruit on Measuring Time record standard plant sample diameter, get the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of fruit diameter that all sample fruits measure the same day as the fruit diameter of this standard plant sample area crop, be designated as D
n; The average amount of fertilizer applied of the every strain crop in record standard plant every day sample area, is designated as F
n;
Step 3, calculates the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of standard plant sample area
The fruit diameter that the same day is measured in definition is fruit diameter diurnal variation value with the difference of measuring the fruit diameter of the previous day, and the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of note standard plant sample area is △ D
n, n>=1,
△D
n=D
n-D
n-1（1）
In formula, D
nfor the crop and fruit diameter of standard plant sample area, D
n-1 is the crop and fruit diameter that the previous day is measured in standard plant sample area;
Step 4, the fertilizing amount criteria table of Criterion plant sample area
The crop and fruit diameter D that the growth number of days n of take is the 1st row, standard plant sample area
nbe the 2nd row, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nbe the 3rd row, fertilizing amount F
nbe the 4th row, the n of same growth number of days, D
n, △ D
nand F
nin same a line, the mode increasing progressively downwards with n, the fertilizing amount criteria table of Criterion plant sample area;
Step 5, calculates the average amount of fertilizer applied for the treatment of the every strain crop in fertilization area
Choose at random i strain crop as treating fertilization area plant sample, i ∈ [3,30] treating fertilization area; The growth number of days of note after fertilization area crop fruiting period starts is n, and fruiting period starts n=0 on the same day; In every strain, treat on the plant sample of fertilization area that j fruit of random selection is as treating fertilization area sample fruit, j ∈ [3,8]; Treat the diameter for the treatment of fertilization area sample fruit fertilization area plant sample at Measuring Time record every day, gets needed fertilization area sample fruit and measure the fruit diameter that the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of the fruit diameter on the same day is treated fertilization area crop as this, is designated as
; Note treats that the fruit diameter diurnal variation value of fertilization area plant sample is
, n>=1,
computational methods cotype (1); Note average amount of fertilizer applied of n days every strain crops after fertilization area fruiting period starts is
determine as follows
In formula,
average amount of fertilizer applied for n days every strain crops after fertilization area fruiting period starts;
F
0the number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is 0 day corresponding fertilizing amount, and fruiting period starts the fertilizing amount on the same day;
for the crop and fruit diameter of n days after fertilization area fruiting period starts;
D
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for query steps four is n days corresponding crop and fruit diameters;
△ D
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding crop and fruit diameter diurnal variation values;
F
nthe number of days of growing in the fertilizing amount criteria table of setting up for step 4 is n days corresponding fertilizing amount;
If
Get
If
Get
Step 6, treats fertilization area fertilising
According to step 5, calculate
be multiplied by and treat fertilization area Crop Species plant number, obtain treating total fertilizing amount of fertilization area, after fertilization time starts, be once applied to and treat fertilization area.
2. a kind of method of carrying out fruiting period fertilising according to crop and fruit growth rate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the Measuring Time in described step 1 and step 5 refer to crop genetics ground at sunrise between before 0.5h in.
3. a kind of method of carrying out fruiting period fertilising according to crop and fruit growth rate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, if treat that the growth number of days of fertilization area has surpassed the growth number of days in the fertilizing amount criteria table that step 4 sets up, crop and fruit diameter D in formula (2)
n, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nwith fertilizing amount F
nvalue is the crop and fruit diameter D of last column in the fertilizing amount criteria table set up of step 4
n, fruit diameter diurnal variation value △ D
nwith fertilizing amount F
ncorresponding value.
4. a kind of method of carrying out fruiting period fertilising according to crop and fruit growth rate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilization time in described step 6 refer to crop genetics ground at sunrise between after 0.5h to 2h.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521397A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 长沙伟诺机电有限公司 | Tree fertilizer application control method and automatic control system for fertilizer applicator |
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