CN103635262A - 用于检查具有无材料区域的物体的方法 - Google Patents

用于检查具有无材料区域的物体的方法 Download PDF

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CN103635262A
CN103635262A CN201280028962.7A CN201280028962A CN103635262A CN 103635262 A CN103635262 A CN 103635262A CN 201280028962 A CN201280028962 A CN 201280028962A CN 103635262 A CN103635262 A CN 103635262A
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S·施特雷克尔特
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于检查具有无材料区域（14）的物体（10、10’）的方法，其中生成物体的三维检查结构（16），该检查结构具有无材料区域（14）的负形（18）。

Description

用于检查具有无材料区域的物体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检查具有无材料区域的物体的方法。
背景技术
通常，例如与油漆涂覆相关使用的构件，都具有相对复杂的、由此限定该构件的无材料区域的管路系统。这种构件例子是换色单元，该换色单元起到分配单元的作用并且经由该换色单元向涂覆设备输送不同的油漆。
此处所涉及的构件通常是可由流体介质流动通过的、其流动路径有待再制造的构件。除油漆之外，流体介质也可以是例如黏合剂、清洁液、液压液或者类似物以及气态流体，例如尤其像在气动控制或类似情况中的空气。
在上述换色单元的构造中，例如可能会在管路系统内出现沉割或形成狭细的凹口、缝隙以及狭窄的拐角或类似的（结构），由此会妨碍由换色单元引导的油漆流。因此例如可能在沉割处形成油漆聚积，由此会使可能从旁流过的其他油漆受到污染。
在设计复杂的管路系统中，这种危险位置存在的可能性相应更高。此外可行的是,早在构造换色单元时，或一般来讲，在构造具有无材料区域的物体时，就提前标记出这种位置，并在必要时将其清除。
虽然这种复杂的构件现在经常利用所建立的CAD系统进行设计，该系统也允许在显示器上三维展示或者打印并通常允许沿着该物体的内部结构并进而沿着存在的管路系统移动。
但实际上上述的危险位置在此并未特别地显露出来所以经常不能被识别或消除。
发明内容
所以本发明的目的在于，提供一种本发明开头所述类型的方法，用以识别物体的这种在无材料区域中的危险位置。
该目的通过开头所述类型的方法得以实现，其中会生成物体的三维检查结构，该三维检查结构具有无材料区域的负形。
众所周知的，当检查人员持有无材料区域的可被视觉和触觉识别的物体负形时，可以更容易地识别和定位物体的无材料区域中不期望的危险位置。由此可以有针对性地进行构造或改变构造。
此外，由于例如能够利用物体的三维形体在眼前直观地引导流动路径，所以在必要时还可以更好地理解物体的工作方式。由此能够在开始时看到物体的内部结构，从而使操作人员更好地理解内部过程。
如果该物体包括多个由周围材料彼此隔开的无材料区域，那么有利的是，在检查结构中将该分离的无材料区域分别设计为通过至少一个连接件彼此相连的单个/单独负形。否则，将会生成作为松散的单个个体存在的单独负形，而不会反映相关无材料区域在该物体中的相对位置。
该方法特别适用于在其无材料区域中具有管路系统的物体。
该检查结构优选地利用生成式制造方法制造。
在此有利的是，将无材料区域的计算机模型作为用于该生成式制造方法的模型使用。
优选借助CAD系统将无材料区域的计算机模型生成为基于该物体的CAD模型的反向模型。
在实际中，该方法特别好地用于可由流体介质流动通过的物体。如上所述，其中重要的是：尽可能将流体流无妨碍地引导通过该构件的管路系统。
附图说明
以下根据附图对本发明的一个实施例作详细说明。其中：
图1：作为检查物体的示例，示出具有无材料区域的油漆换色单元的透视图；
图2：物体的三维检查结构，该检查结构具有换色单元的无材料区域的负形；
图3：比图1中的换色单元结构更复杂的换色单元的透视图。
具体实施方式
作为待检查的物体的示例，图1示出换色单元10，该换色单元像公知地那样具有整体式/一件式的壳体12并且待涂覆的油漆流过该换色单元。
在壳体12中有整体用14表示的无材料区域，该无材料区域在图2中可以以检查结构16的形式看出，该检查结构在实际中是物体并且为三维形式。该检查结构16包括该换色单元10的无材料区域14的负形18。在图2中，负形18的镜像换色单元10的无材料区域和部段的区域和部段与图1中的无材料区域一样具有相同的附图标记。在此，换色单元10内部的部分下述管路和空间仅从图2可见。
在壳体12的输出侧20上设计有通向中心分配室24的输出连接孔22。该分配室24经由输出连接孔22例如可以与在此未示出的静电运行的涂覆设备的供给管路相连。
该壳体12在垂直于输出侧20分布的两个对置的端侧26、28上具有阀体接收孔30，该阀体接收孔均通向与分配室24相邻的前室32。该前室32又通过各阀座式的开口34与分配室24相连通。该开口32像公知那样可以由在此未特意示出的、位于阀体接收孔30中的、气力操纵的阀体的闭锁元件闭锁。
各支管36从前室32伸出，向着由输出侧20、端侧26、28所包围的输入侧38方向延伸，并且通入到与输入侧38齐平结束的输入连接孔40中。该换色单元10可通过各个输入连接孔40与容纳有特定颜色的容器的输入软管相连，上述两个构件在此未示出。各支管36通过所配属的前室32和开口34与该换色单元10的分配室24相连。
各压力空气管路42从阀体接收孔30伸出，分别通入阀体控制部的压力空气软管的压力空气连接孔44中，其中该压力空气控制部和该压力空气软管均未示出。利用已知的阀体控制器可用压力空气加载上述的阀体，从而可以通过闭锁元件有选择性地打开或关闭朝向分配室24的开口34。
能够引导螺栓的两个平行的固定通道46从壳体12的输入侧38向相对侧延伸，借助螺栓可以将该换色单元例如固定在机器人手臂上。如从图2可知，通道孔46被制成台阶形，从而可以使相应螺栓的头部下沉。
在此图示的换色单元10中，由输出连接孔22、分配室24、具有前室32的阀体接收孔30、支管36、输入连接孔40、压力空气管42以及压力空气连接孔44共同构成了换色单元10的管路系统48。
此处所示的管路系统48构造相对简单。但是，早在此处就可能像开始所述那样在管路系统48中出现沉割，或形成狭细的凹口、缝隙以及狭窄的拐角或类似的结构，由此会妨碍由换色单元10所引导的油漆的流动。
作为包括更复杂的管路系统或由无材料区域构成的、比换色单元10更复杂的管路系统50的物体的示例，在图3中示出了比换色单元10更大的换色单元10'。此外，在该换色单元10'中，功能相同的构件与在换色元件10中那样具有相同的附图标记。如在图3中已知，换色单元10'具有明显更多的输入连接孔40，从而借此能将更多不同的油漆通过管路系统52引导至输出连接孔22。
为检查换色单元10，生成一种物体的三维的检查结构，就像图2中以用于换色单元10的无材料区域14的检查结构16的形式示例性所示的那样。
固定通道46和管路系统48各通过壳体12的材料彼此隔开地形成在换色单元10中。该管路系统48和两个固定通道46构成了换色单元10的各无材料区域，该无材料区域通过壳体12的包围它们的材料彼此孤立。
所以，该换色单元10的无材料区域14的负形18由此包括三个单独的负形：管路系统48的第一单独负形54，两个固定通道46之一的第二单独负形56以及两个固定通道46中的另一个的第三单独负形58。
为使各个负形54，56和58在检查结构16中连贯地镜像换色单元10的无材料区域14的整体布局而不是作为松散的单个元件而存在，各个负形54，56，58通过连接件彼此相连。
在图2中，仅示例性地用虚线以桥形元件60的形式表明了这种连接件，该连接件连接了管路系统48的第一单独负形54和固定通道46的第二单独负形56。
第三单独负形58可通过相应的连接件与该管路系统48的第一单独负形54和/或与第一固定通道46的第二单独负形56相连。
为制造所述检查结构16，使用生成式制造方法。生成式制造方法在快速成型的概念中已知。
原则上所有已知的生成式制造方法都是适用的。所以下面的列表应该并且只能作概述，并且即使在所给出的各材料方面也是不局限的。对检查结构的制造尤其可借助于：
--3D打印。在此，作为基础材料，例如使用塑料、涂有热熔胶的陶瓷粉末或者丙基酰基的光聚合物。
--融积成型（FDM）。在此优选的材料为，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）和聚碳酸酯。
--熔融喷射成型。其中特别使用蜡状的热塑性塑料和UV光聚合物。
--聚酰胺浇注。
--选择性激光熔融（SLM）。该方法例如可利用金属，塑料或陶瓷来实施。
--选择性激光烧结。在此还可以使用热塑性塑料，像聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺或聚氯乙烯，也可以使用金属或陶瓷作为基础材料。
--空间复杂成型（Space Puzzle Moulding（SPM））。该方法利用塑料工作。
--光固化立体造型（STL或SLA)，其中尤其使用液态热固性塑料或弹性体。
为了制造用于换色单元10的检查结构14，使用颜色装换单元10的已有的CAD模型或者首先借助本身公知的CAD系统生成这种CAD模型。然后利用CAD系统将无材料区域14的计算机模型生成为基于换色单元10的CAD模型的反向模型。然后由无材料区域14的计算机模型为所使用的生成式制造方法提供工作参数，制造检查结构16。
在必要时，可以手动地预先规定或自动化地算出一个或者多个连接件60。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于检查具有无材料区域（14）的物体（10、10’）的方法，其中生成物体的三维检查结构（16），该检查结构具有无材料区域（14）的负形（18）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述物体（10、10’）包括多个由周围材料彼此隔离的无材料区域（46、48）时，隔离的无材料区域（46、48）在检查结构（16）中分别构成单独的负形（54、56、58），这些单独的负形通过至少一个连接构件（60）彼此相连。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，检查其无材料区域（14）具有管道系统（48）的物体（10、10’）。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，利用生成式制造方法制造所述检查结构（16）。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，使用所述无材料区域（14）的计算机模型作为所述生成式制造方法的模型。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，利用CAD系统将无材料区域（14）的计算机模型生成为基于所述物体（10、10’）的CAD模型的反向模型。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述物体（10、10’）是流体介质能够通过其流通的构件。
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