US20200018406A1 - Monolithic, Non-Plugging Multi-Stage Valve Trim - Google Patents
Monolithic, Non-Plugging Multi-Stage Valve Trim Download PDFInfo
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- US20200018406A1 US20200018406A1 US16/034,225 US201816034225A US2020018406A1 US 20200018406 A1 US20200018406 A1 US 20200018406A1 US 201816034225 A US201816034225 A US 201816034225A US 2020018406 A1 US2020018406 A1 US 2020018406A1
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- cage
- valve
- wall
- fluid flow
- unitary
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
- F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
- F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
- F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
- F16K11/07—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
- F16K47/04—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level, the throttle being incorporated in the closure member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/36—Valve members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/44—Details of seats or valve members of double-seat valves
- F16K1/443—Details of seats or valve members of double-seat valves the seats being in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
- F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
- F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
- F16K3/246—Combination of a sliding valve and a lift valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
- F16K47/08—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level and having a throttling member separate from the closure member, e.g. screens, slots, labyrinths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
- F16K5/04—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having cylindrical surfaces; Packings therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T137/8593—Systems
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- Y10T137/86718—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
- Y10T137/86734—With metering feature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T137/86718—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
- Y10T137/86759—Reciprocating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
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- Y10T137/86759—Reciprocating
- Y10T137/86767—Spool
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86718—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
- Y10T137/86759—Reciprocating
- Y10T137/86767—Spool
- Y10T137/86775—With internal passage
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to fluid pressure reduction devices, and, more particularly, to a monolithic, non-plugging multi-stage valve trim and a fluid flow control device employing the same.
- process control systems such as distributed or scalable process control systems commonly found in chemical, petroleum, power generation, or other industrial processes
- pressure reduction typically leads to increased levels of unwanted noise and/or vibration, and may, in some cases, lead to cavitation, which not only produces unwanted noise and/or vibration but can also cause severe erosion if not part failure.
- process control systems may employ flow reduction devices that aim to reduce fluid pressure in a manner that does not produce these undesirable effects.
- Multi-stage valve trims are examples of flow reduction devices that may be employed in high pressure reduction applications in order to prevent cavitation.
- Multi-stage valve trims typically feature a valve cage and a valve plug that together define a lengthy fluid flow path or tortuous or labyrinthine configuration having small flow passages and tight clearances defining multiple pressure reducing stages through which the fluid must flow (thereby reducing fluid pressure).
- These multi-stage valve trims tend to work quite well when the fluid flowing therethrough is clean (e.g., does not include particulates). However, when the fluid is dirty (e.g., includes particulates), multi-stage valve trims having larger flow passages must be used, or else the particulates carried by the fluid may plug the small flow passages, reducing flow capacity and potentially damaging the valve trim.
- multi-stage valve trims for use in dirty service applications i.e., applications involving severe flow conditions, e.g., catalyst fines in refineries, magnetite in power plants, sand in oil production, in which the fluid is dirty
- dirty service applications i.e., applications involving severe flow conditions, e.g., catalyst fines in refineries, magnetite in power plants, sand in oil production, in which the fluid is dirty
- machined bar-stock parts This is because the machining of the complex geometry needed for throttling control requires that the valve cages be separated into multiple different parts which are then assembled together with one or more sealing elements in order to prevent leakage.
- a non-plugging, multi-stage valve cage adapted to be disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device.
- the valve cage includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis and including an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall.
- the valve cage also includes a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall, and a multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet.
- the multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway is defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall, a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a first axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first annular recess and the second annular recess.
- a non-plugging, multi-stage valve trim adapted to be disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device.
- the valve trim includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis, and a valve plug movably disposed within the unitary cage body to control fluid flow through the unitary cage body.
- the unitary cage body includes an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall.
- the valve cage also includes a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall, and a multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet.
- the multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway is defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall, a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a first axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first annular recess and the second annular recess.
- a fluid flow control device in accordance with a third exemplary aspect of the present invention, includes a valve body and a non-plugging, multi-stage valve trim disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device is provided.
- the valve body includes a valve body inlet, a valve body outlet, and a passageway extending between the valve body inlet and the valve body outlet.
- the valve trim includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis, and a valve plug movably disposed within the unitary cage body to control fluid flow through the unitary cage body.
- the unitary cage body includes an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall.
- the valve cage also includes a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body and in fluid communication with the valve body inlet, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall and in fluid communication with the valve body outlet, and a multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet.
- the multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway is defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall, a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a first axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first annular recess and the second annular recess.
- a method of manufacturing includes creating a non-plugging multi-stage valve cage adapted to be disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device using an additive manufacturing technique, wherein the non-plugging multi-stage valve cage includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis and including an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall, a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall, and a pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet, the pressure reducing fluid flow passageway defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall and defining a first volume; a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, the second annular recess defining a second volume; and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional multi-stage valve trim disposed in a fluid flow control device
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example multi-stage valve trim constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example fluid flow control device utilizing the multi-stage valve trim of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a conventional multi-stage valve trim 100 adapted to be disposed in a fluid flow control device 104 for use in dirty service applications.
- the multi-stage valve trim 100 includes a valve cage 108 and a valve plug 112 movably disposed in the valve cage 108 .
- the machining of the complex geometry needed for pressure reduction requires that the valve cage 108 be formed from multiple components that are separately manufactured and then coupled to one another.
- the valve cage 108 is formed from four separately manufactured components—an upper cage 116 , a first intermediate cage 118 , a second intermediate cage 120 , and a lower cage 124 —stacked together so as to create multiple stages of pressure reduction.
- a sealing element 128 (e.g., O-rings) is arranged between the upper cage 116 and the first intermediate cage 118 , between the first and second intermediate cages 118 , 120 , and between the second intermediate cage 120 and the lower cage 124 .
- valve cage 108 may effectively reduce fluid pressure in the fluid flow control device 104
- the use of multiple cage components 116 , 120 , and 124 , and the sealing elements 128 serves to significantly increase the height of the multi-stage valve trim 100 .
- the fluid flow control device 104 must be modified in order to accommodate the multi-stage valve trim 100 .
- the fluid flow control device 104 is modified to include a bonnet spacer 132 between a valve body 136 and a bonnet 140 of the fluid flow control device 104 .
- the fluid flow control device 104 may be modified in different or additional ways in order to accommodate the multi-stage valve trim 100 .
- the present disclosure is thus directed to a multi-stage valve trim that addresses these problems with the multi-stage valve trim 100 and other conventional multi-stage valve trims.
- the multi-stage valve trim disclosed herein is manufactured using an additive manufacturing technique.
- the multi-stage valve trim can be manufactured with the entire internal passageway contained in a single, unitary, valve cage.
- the single, unitary, valve cage reduces the risk for leakage that exists in multi-component valve cages like the valve cage 108 , as well as eliminates the need for sealing elements, such as the sealing elements 128 described above, that would otherwise be needed.
- valve cage is shorter than the valve cage 108 and other valve cages in conventional multi-stage valve trims.
- This not only obviates the need for a bonnet spacer (e.g., the bonnet spacer 132 ) or other modifications to the fluid flow control device in which the disclosed multi-stage valve trim is employed, but also allows more of the valve cage to be positioned within the gallery of the fluid flow control device. Thus, more pressure reducing stages are positioned within the gallery, providing ample volume for fluid expansion (and pressure reduction).
- the multi-stage valve trim disclosed herein is easier and less costly to manufacture than the multi-stage valve trim 100 and other conventional multi-stage valve trims.
- the phrase additive manufacturing technique refers to any additive manufacturing technique or process that builds three-dimensional objects by adding successive layers of material on a material.
- the additive manufacturing technique may be performed by any suitable machine or combination of machines.
- the additive manufacturing technique may typically involve or use a computer, three-dimensional modeling software (e.g., Computer Aided Design, or CAD, software), machine equipment, and layering material. Once a CAD model is produced, the machine equipment may read in data from the CAD file and layer or add successive layers of liquid, powder, sheet material (for example) in a layer-upon-layer fashion to fabricate a three-dimensional object.
- CAD Computer Aided Design
- the additive manufacturing technique may include any of several techniques or processes, such as, for example, a stereolithography (“SLA”) process, a fused deposition modeling (“FDM”) process, multi-jet modeling (“MJM”) process, a selective laser sintering (“SLS”) process, an electronic beam additive manufacturing process, and an arc welding additive manufacturing process.
- the additive manufacturing process may include a directed energy laser deposition process.
- Such a directed energy laser deposition process may be performed by a multi-axis computer-numerically-controlled (“CNC”) lathe with directed energy laser deposition capabilities.
- CNC computer-numerically-controlled
- FIG. 2 illustrates one example of a multi-stage valve trim 200 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
- the multi-stage valve trim 200 is configured to provide multi-stage fluid pressure reduction in dirty service applications (and does so without plugging), though it will be appreciated that the multi-stage valve trim 200 can be used to reduce fluid pressure in clean applications as well.
- the multi-stage valve trim 200 is manufactured using an additive manufacturing technique.
- the multi-stage valve trim 200 includes a valve cage 208 and a valve plug 212 that is movably disposed within the valve cage 208
- the valve cage 208 includes a single, unitary body 216 and an internal passageway 220 that is entirely contained within the single, unitary body 216 .
- the internal passageway 220 is large enough so as to prevent plugging when the multi-stage valve trim 200 is used in dirty service applications.
- the internal passageway 220 defines a plurality of fluid pressure reduction stages that facilitate the desired multi-stage fluid pressure reduction.
- the unitary body 216 can be made of one or more suitable materials, such as, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, and various alloys.
- the unitary body 216 in this version generally extends along a longitudinal axis 224 from a first end 228 to a second end 232 .
- the unitary body 216 includes an outer wall 236 , an inner wall 240 integrally formed with the outer wall 236 , a flange 244 that is integrally formed with the outer wall 236 , and a seat 248 that is integrally formed with the outer wall 236 .
- the unitary body 216 may include more or less, and/or different, components.
- the unitary body 216 may not include the seat 248 , which may, for example, instead be removably coupled to the unitary body 216 .
- the outer wall 236 is generally arranged to engage a valve body of a fluid flow control device when the multi-stage valve trim 200 is disposed in the fluid flow control device.
- the outer wall 236 in this example is formed from a plurality of differently sized wall portions, namely a first wall portion 252 , a second wall portion 256 , a third wall portion 260 , and a fourth wall portion 264 .
- the first wall portion 252 extends between the first end 228 and the flange 244 along the longitudinal axis 224 .
- the second wall portion 256 extends downwardly (at least in FIG.
- the second wall portion 256 has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of the first wall portion 252 .
- the third wall portion 260 extends downwardly, along the longitudinal axis 224 , from a portion of the second wall portion 256 positioned radially inwardly from the shoulder 268 and toward the second end 232 , such that at the shoulder 268 , the diameter of the second wall portion 256 is also greater than a diameter of the third wall portion 260 .
- the fourth wall portion 264 extends downwardly, along the longitudinal axis 224 , from the third wall portion 260 to the second end 232 .
- the fourth wall portion 264 has a diameter that is less than the diameter of the third wall portion 260 .
- the outer wall 236 can be formed from more or less, or differently sized, wall portions in order to accommodate and engage differently sized valve bodies.
- the inner wall 240 is spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall 236 . More particularly, the inner wall 240 is spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall 236 at a position proximate the third wall portion 260 .
- the inner wall 240 extends along the longitudinal axis 224 , such that the inner wall 240 is substantially parallel to the outer wall 236 .
- the inner wall 240 may curve relative to the longitudinal axis 224 , such that the inner wall 240 is angled relative to the outer wall 236 .
- the flange 244 extends outwardly from the outer wall 236 .
- the flange 244 extends outwardly from the outer wall 236 at a position proximate the first end 228 .
- the flange 244 may extend outwardly from the outer wall 236 at a position closer to or further from the first end 228 .
- the flange 244 is thus arranged to engage both the valve body and a bonnet of the fluid flow control device when the multi-stage valve trim 200 is disposed in the fluid flow control device.
- the seat 248 extends inwardly from the outer wall 236 .
- the seat 248 extends inwardly from the outer wall 236 at the second end 232 of the unitary body 216 .
- the seat 248 may extend inwardly from the outer wall 236 at a position that is spaced from the second end 232 of the unitary body 216 .
- the seat 248 is positioned to selectively receive a portion of the valve plug 212 to open or close the internal passageway 220 , as will be described in greater detail below.
- the valve cage 208 also includes a cage inlet 270 and a cage outlet 274 .
- the cage inlet 270 is formed in the unitary body 216 at the second end 232 of the unitary body 216 , such that the cage inlet 270 extends along the longitudinal axis 224 .
- the cage inlet 270 may be formed in a different location and/or may extend along a different axis than the longitudinal axis 224 (e.g., may extend along an axis that is transverse to the longitudinal axis 224 ).
- the cage outlet 274 is formed in the outer wall 236 of the unitary body 216 at a position proximate the first end 228 of the unitary body 216 . More particularly, the cage outlet 274 is formed in the second wall portion 256 of the outer wall 236 of the unitary body 216 .
- the cage outlet 274 thus extends along an axis 276 that is transverse to the longitudinal axis 224 . In other examples, however, the cage outlet 274 may be formed in a different location and/or may extend along a different axis than the axis 276 (e.g., along the longitudinal axis 224 ).
- the valve cage 208 also includes a plurality of annular recesses defined by the unitary body 216 and extending between the cage inlet 270 and the cage outlet 274 .
- the valve cage 208 includes four annular recesses 278 A, 278 B, 278 C, and 278 defined by different portions of the unitary body 216 . More particularly, the first annular recess 278 A is defined by the fourth wall portion 264 , the second annular recess 278 B is defined by the inner wall 240 , the third annular recess 278 C is defined by the second and third wall portions 256 , 260 , and the fourth annular recess 278 D is defined by the first and second wall portions 252 , 256 .
- first annular recess 278 A is immediately adjacent the cage inlet 270 within the unitary body 216
- second annular recess 278 B is immediately adjacent the first annular recess 278 A within the unitary body 216
- third annular recess 278 C is immediately adjacent the second annular recess 278 B within the unitary body 216
- fourth annular recess 278 D is immediately adjacent both the third annular recess 278 C and the cage outlet 274 within the unitary body 216 .
- the first annular recess 278 A has a first diameter and defines a first volume
- the second annular recess 278 B has a second diameter smaller than the first diameter and defines a second volume that is smaller than the first volume
- the third annular recess 278 C has a third diameter larger than the second diameter and defines a third volume that may be smaller or larger than the second volume
- the fourth annular recess 278 D has a fourth diameter smaller than the first and third diameters (and smaller or larger than the second diameter) and defines a fourth volume that is smaller than the first volume (and may be smaller or larger than the second and third volumes).
- valve cage 208 may include more or less annular recesses, the annular recesses 278 A-D may be defined by different portions of the valve cage 208 , and/or the recesses 278 A-D may be sized differently.
- the internal passageway 220 is entirely contained within the unitary body 216 .
- the internal passageway 220 extends between the cage inlet 270 and the cage outlet 274 .
- the internal passageway 220 is defined or formed by the first annular recess 278 A, the second annular recess 278 B, one or more flow restricting passages 282 formed in the inner wall 236 , the third annular recess 278 C, and the fourth annular recess 278 D.
- Each of the flow restricting passages 282 is sized to achieve the desired amount of fluid pressure reduction. As illustrated in FIG.
- the flow restricting passages 282 extend along a transverse axis 285 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 224 and parallel to the axis 276 .
- the flow restricting passages 282 serve to connect the second annular recess 278 B with the third annular recess 278 C (and vice-versa).
- the internal passageway 220 may be defined or formed by more, less, or different components, such as, for example, a different number of annular recesses or flow restricting passages 282 that extend along an axis that is non-perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 224 .
- the valve plug 212 which can be made of one or more suitable materials, such as, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, and various alloys, generally includes an elongated plug stem 286 and a plurality of sealing surfaces that extend radially outwardly from the elongated plug stem 286 .
- the elongated plug stem 286 and the plurality of sealing surfaces may be integrally formed with one another, e.g., using an additive manufacturing technique, or may be separately formed and coupled to one other.
- the valve plug 212 includes the elongated plug stem 286 and three sealing surfaces 290 A, 290 B, 290 C integrally formed with the elongated plug stem 286 .
- the elongated plug stem 286 extends along a longitudinal axis 294 that is co-axial with the longitudinal axis 224 .
- the first sealing surface 290 A extends radially outwardly from the plug stem 286 at a position proximate a first end 296 of the plug stem 286 , such that the first sealing surface 290 A is arranged to selectively engage an inner surface of the outer wall 236 of the unitary body 216 to open or sealingly close the cage outlet 274 .
- the third sealing surface 290 C extends radially outwardly from the plug stem 286 at a position located at a second end 298 of the plug stem 286 , such that the third sealing surface 290 C is arranged to selectively engage the valve seat 248 of the valve cage 208 to open or sealingly close the cage inlet 270 .
- the second sealing surface 290 B extends radially outwardly from the plug stem 286 at a position between the first and third sealing surfaces 290 A, 290 C.
- the second sealing surface 290 B extends radially outwardly from the plug stem 286 at a position approximately halfway between the first and second ends 296 , 298 , such that the second sealing surface 290 B is arranged to selectively engage the inner wall 240 of the unitary body 216 to open or sealingly close the flow restricting passages 282 .
- the plug stem 286 may have a different size and/or shape, and/or the valve plug 212 may include more or less than three sealing surfaces.
- one or more pressure reducing passages may be formed in the valve plug 212 . In some cases, pressure reducing passages may be formed in the valve plug 212 so as to define a plurality of pressure reducing stages within the valve plug 212 as well.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the multi-stage valve trim 200 disposed in one example of a fluid flow control device 300 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
- the fluid flow control device 300 includes a valve body 304 , a bonnet 308 coupled to the valve body 304 , and a stem 312 that is disposed in the valve body 304 and the bonnet 308 .
- the valve body 304 defines an inlet 316 , an outlet 320 , and a fluid flow passageway 324 that includes between the inlet 316 and the outlet 320 .
- the inlet 316 extends along an inlet axis 328 (which is in turn parallel to if not coaxial with the axes 224 , 294 ) and the outlet 320 extends along an outlet axis 332 that is perpendicular to the inlet axis 328 , though in other examples, the outlet axis 332 may be non-perpendicular (e.g., parallel) to the inlet axis 328 .
- the stem 312 has one end coupled to an actuator (not shown) and another end coupled to the valve plug 212 , such that the actuator is operatively coupled to the valve plug 212 to control the position of the valve plug 212 within the valve cage 208 , which in turn controls fluid flow through the internal passageway 220 and, more generally, the fluid flow passageway 324 .
- valve cage 208 engages different portions of the valve body 304 and the bonnet 308 , and the valve plug 212 is movably disposed within the valve cage 208 . More particularly, the outer wall 236 of the valve cage 208 engages different portions of the valve body 304 , and the flange 244 of the valve cage 208 engages both a portion of the valve body 304 and a portion of the bonnet 308 .
- the first wall portion 252 engages a portion 336 of the bonnet 308
- the shoulder 268 engages a first portion 340 of the valve body 304
- the third wall portion 260 engages a second portion 344 of the valve body 304 that is closer to the cage inlet 270 than the first portion 340
- the fourth wall portion 264 engages a third portion 348 of the valve body 304 that is closer to the cage inlet 270 than the second portion 344 .
- different portions of the outer wall 236 may engage these or other portions of the valve body 304 and/or the bonnet 308 .
- valve cage 208 With the valve cage 208 so disposed, a substantial portion of the valve cage 208 is disposed within the fluid flow passageway 324 , thereby providing ample volume for fluid expansion (and pressure reduction). Additionally, because a substantial portion of the valve cage 208 is disposed within the fluid flow passageway 324 , particularly a gallery of the fluid flow passageway 324 , the bonnet 308 only needs to accommodate a small portion of the valve cage 208 .
- the bonnet 308 in this example is able to do so, such that there is no need for a bonnet spacer like the bonnet spacer 132 described above. In turn, the bonnet 308 directly engages the valve body 304 , as illustrated in FIG. 3 . It will therefore be appreciated that the fluid flow control device 300 need not be modified in any manner whatsoever in order to accommodate the multi-stage valve trim 200 .
- valve plug 212 When the fluid flow control device 300 is in operation (with the multi-stage valve trim 200 disposed therein), the valve plug 212 is movable (via the stem 312 and the actuator coupled thereto) between a fully closed position (shown in FIG. 3 ) and a fully open position (not shown) to close or open the internal passageway 220 and, more generally, the fluid flow passageway 324 .
- the valve plug 212 When the valve plug 212 is in the fully closed position shown in FIG.
- the first sealing surface 290 A sealingly engages and closes the cage outlet 274
- the second sealing surface 290 B sealingly engages the inner wall 236 of the unitary body 216 , thereby closing the flow restricting passages 282
- the third sealing surface 290 C sealingly engages the valve seat 248 of the valve cage 208 , thereby closing the cage inlet 270 .
- fluid is preventing from flowing through the internal passageway 220 , such that fluid is preventing from flowing from the inlet 316 to the outlet 320 via the fluid flow passageway 324 .
- valve plug 212 When, however, the valve plug 212 is moved from this fully closed position to its fully open position, the valve plug 212 is moved away from the cage inlet 270 and toward the first end 228 of the unitary body 216 . This moves the first sealing surface 290 A away from the cage outlet 274 , opening the cage outlet 274 , the second sealing surface 290 B along the inner wall 236 and away from the flow restricting passages 282 , and the third sealing surface 290 C away from the valve seat 248 , thereby opening the cage inlet 270 . In turn, fluid is allowed to flow through the internal passageway 220 , such that fluid is allowed to flow from the inlet 316 to the outlet 320 via the fluid flow passageway 324 .
- valve plug 212 When the valve plug 212 is in its fully open position, fluid that has entered the valve body 304 via the inlet 316 flows into the valve cage 208 via the cage inlet 270 . In many cases, though not always, the fluid entering the cage inlet 270 will have a high pressure. After passing through the cage inlet 270 , the fluid is forced into the first annular recess 278 A, which forces the fluid to flow radially outwardly, toward the outer wall 232 of the valve cage 208 , thereby reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a first pressure reduction stage).
- the fluid is next forced into the second annular recess 278 B, which forces the fluid to flow radially inwardly, away from the outer wall 232 of the valve cage 208 , thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a second pressure reduction stage).
- the fluid is then forced to flow through the flow restricting passages 282 , which forces the fluid to flow radially outwardly, again toward the outer wall 232 of the valve cage 208 , thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a third pressure reduction stage).
- the fluid After passing through the flow restricting passages 282 , the fluid is forced to flow into the third annular recess 278 C, which allows the fluid to expand, thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a fourth pressure reduction stage).
- the fluid is then forced into the fourth annular recess 278 D, which forces the fluid to flow radially inwardly, thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a fifth pressure reduction stage).
- the fluid is forced into and through the cage outlet 274 , such that the fluid leaves the valve cage 208 and flows toward the outlet 320 of the valve body 304 . In this manner, the fluid leaving the valve cage 208 has a lower pressure than the fluid did when entering the valve cage 208 .
- the multi-stage valve trim 200 in this example is a flow up valve trim (because fluid flows axially upward through the internal passageway 220 )
- the multi-stage valve trim 200 can, in other examples, be a flow down valve trim (wherein fluid would flow axially downward through the internal passageway 220 ).
- the multi-stage valve trim 200 may be configured so that the cage inlet 270 is at or proximate to the first end 228 and the cage outlet 274 is at or proximate to the second end 228 .
- the valve seat 248 may be positioned elsewhere in the valve cage 208 , in which case the sealing surface 290 of the valve plug 212 may be moved to selectively sealingly engage the re-positioned valve seat 248 .
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Abstract
Description
- The present disclosure generally relates to fluid pressure reduction devices, and, more particularly, to a monolithic, non-plugging multi-stage valve trim and a fluid flow control device employing the same.
- In process control systems, such as distributed or scalable process control systems commonly found in chemical, petroleum, power generation, or other industrial processes, it is often necessary to reduce the pressure of a fluid. However, pressure reduction typically leads to increased levels of unwanted noise and/or vibration, and may, in some cases, lead to cavitation, which not only produces unwanted noise and/or vibration but can also cause severe erosion if not part failure. Thus, process control systems may employ flow reduction devices that aim to reduce fluid pressure in a manner that does not produce these undesirable effects.
- Multi-stage valve trims are examples of flow reduction devices that may be employed in high pressure reduction applications in order to prevent cavitation. Multi-stage valve trims typically feature a valve cage and a valve plug that together define a lengthy fluid flow path or tortuous or labyrinthine configuration having small flow passages and tight clearances defining multiple pressure reducing stages through which the fluid must flow (thereby reducing fluid pressure). These multi-stage valve trims tend to work quite well when the fluid flowing therethrough is clean (e.g., does not include particulates). However, when the fluid is dirty (e.g., includes particulates), multi-stage valve trims having larger flow passages must be used, or else the particulates carried by the fluid may plug the small flow passages, reducing flow capacity and potentially damaging the valve trim.
- At present, multi-stage valve trims for use in dirty service applications (i.e., applications involving severe flow conditions, e.g., catalyst fines in refineries, magnetite in power plants, sand in oil production, in which the fluid is dirty) are constructed using machined bar-stock parts. This is because the machining of the complex geometry needed for throttling control requires that the valve cages be separated into multiple different parts which are then assembled together with one or more sealing elements in order to prevent leakage.
- In accordance with a first exemplary aspect of the present invention, a non-plugging, multi-stage valve cage adapted to be disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device is provided. The valve cage includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis and including an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall. The valve cage also includes a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall, and a multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet. The multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway is defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall, a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a first axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first annular recess and the second annular recess.
- In accordance with a second exemplary aspect of the present invention, a non-plugging, multi-stage valve trim adapted to be disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device is provided. The valve trim includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis, and a valve plug movably disposed within the unitary cage body to control fluid flow through the unitary cage body. The unitary cage body includes an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall. The valve cage also includes a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall, and a multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet. The multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway is defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall, a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a first axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first annular recess and the second annular recess.
- In accordance with a third exemplary aspect of the present invention, a fluid flow control device is provided. The fluid flow control device includes a valve body and a non-plugging, multi-stage valve trim disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device is provided. The valve body includes a valve body inlet, a valve body outlet, and a passageway extending between the valve body inlet and the valve body outlet. The valve trim includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis, and a valve plug movably disposed within the unitary cage body to control fluid flow through the unitary cage body. The unitary cage body includes an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall. The valve cage also includes a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body and in fluid communication with the valve body inlet, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall and in fluid communication with the valve body outlet, and a multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet. The multi-stage pressure reducing fluid flow passageway is defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall, a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a first axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first annular recess and the second annular recess.
- In accordance with a fourth exemplary aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing is provided. The method includes creating a non-plugging multi-stage valve cage adapted to be disposed in a valve body of a fluid flow control device using an additive manufacturing technique, wherein the non-plugging multi-stage valve cage includes a unitary cage body extending along a longitudinal axis and including an outer wall arranged to engage the valve body and an inner wall spaced radially inwardly of the outer wall, a cage inlet formed in the unitary cage body, a cage outlet formed in the outer wall, and a pressure reducing fluid flow passageway formed within the unitary cage body and extending between the cage inlet and the cage outlet, the pressure reducing fluid flow passageway defined by a first annular recess defined by a first portion of the outer wall and defining a first volume; a second annular recess defined by a second portion of the outer wall, the second annular recess defining a second volume; and one or more flow restricting passages formed in the inner wall and extending along a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more flow restricting passages connect the first volume with the second volume.
- The features of this invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements in the several FIGS., in which:
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FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional multi-stage valve trim disposed in a fluid flow control device; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example multi-stage valve trim constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example fluid flow control device utilizing the multi-stage valve trim ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a conventionalmulti-stage valve trim 100 adapted to be disposed in a fluidflow control device 104 for use in dirty service applications. Themulti-stage valve trim 100 includes a valve cage 108 and avalve plug 112 movably disposed in the valve cage 108. As briefly discussed above, the machining of the complex geometry needed for pressure reduction requires that the valve cage 108 be formed from multiple components that are separately manufactured and then coupled to one another. In this case, the valve cage 108 is formed from four separately manufactured components—anupper cage 116, a firstintermediate cage 118, a second intermediate cage 120, and alower cage 124—stacked together so as to create multiple stages of pressure reduction. In order to prevent leakage between these different components, a sealing element 128 (e.g., O-rings) is arranged between theupper cage 116 and the firstintermediate cage 118, between the first and secondintermediate cages 118, 120, and between the second intermediate cage 120 and thelower cage 124. - Although the valve cage 108 may effectively reduce fluid pressure in the fluid
flow control device 104, the use ofmultiple cage components sealing elements 128 serves to significantly increase the height of themulti-stage valve trim 100. As such, the fluidflow control device 104 must be modified in order to accommodate themulti-stage valve trim 100. In this case, the fluidflow control device 104 is modified to include abonnet spacer 132 between avalve body 136 and abonnet 140 of the fluidflow control device 104. In other cases the fluidflow control device 104 may be modified in different or additional ways in order to accommodate themulti-stage valve trim 100. In yet other cases, however, e.g., when the fluidflow control device 104 utilizes a valve body that is smaller than thevalve body 140, it may be impossible to modify the existing fluidflow control device 104 in order to accommodate themulti-stage valve trim 100. - The present disclosure is thus directed to a multi-stage valve trim that addresses these problems with the
multi-stage valve trim 100 and other conventional multi-stage valve trims. The multi-stage valve trim disclosed herein is manufactured using an additive manufacturing technique. Thus, the multi-stage valve trim can be manufactured with the entire internal passageway contained in a single, unitary, valve cage. The single, unitary, valve cage reduces the risk for leakage that exists in multi-component valve cages like the valve cage 108, as well as eliminates the need for sealing elements, such as thesealing elements 128 described above, that would otherwise be needed. The usage of a single, unitary valve cage and the elimination of sealing elements allows the overall height of the valve cage to be reduced, such that the disclosed valve cage is shorter than the valve cage 108 and other valve cages in conventional multi-stage valve trims. This not only obviates the need for a bonnet spacer (e.g., the bonnet spacer 132) or other modifications to the fluid flow control device in which the disclosed multi-stage valve trim is employed, but also allows more of the valve cage to be positioned within the gallery of the fluid flow control device. Thus, more pressure reducing stages are positioned within the gallery, providing ample volume for fluid expansion (and pressure reduction). It will also be appreciated that the multi-stage valve trim disclosed herein is easier and less costly to manufacture than themulti-stage valve trim 100 and other conventional multi-stage valve trims. - As used herein, the phrase additive manufacturing technique refers to any additive manufacturing technique or process that builds three-dimensional objects by adding successive layers of material on a material. The additive manufacturing technique may be performed by any suitable machine or combination of machines. The additive manufacturing technique may typically involve or use a computer, three-dimensional modeling software (e.g., Computer Aided Design, or CAD, software), machine equipment, and layering material. Once a CAD model is produced, the machine equipment may read in data from the CAD file and layer or add successive layers of liquid, powder, sheet material (for example) in a layer-upon-layer fashion to fabricate a three-dimensional object. The additive manufacturing technique may include any of several techniques or processes, such as, for example, a stereolithography (“SLA”) process, a fused deposition modeling (“FDM”) process, multi-jet modeling (“MJM”) process, a selective laser sintering (“SLS”) process, an electronic beam additive manufacturing process, and an arc welding additive manufacturing process. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing process may include a directed energy laser deposition process. Such a directed energy laser deposition process may be performed by a multi-axis computer-numerically-controlled (“CNC”) lathe with directed energy laser deposition capabilities.
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FIG. 2 illustrates one example of amulti-stage valve trim 200 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. Themulti-stage valve trim 200 is configured to provide multi-stage fluid pressure reduction in dirty service applications (and does so without plugging), though it will be appreciated that themulti-stage valve trim 200 can be used to reduce fluid pressure in clean applications as well. As discussed above, themulti-stage valve trim 200 is manufactured using an additive manufacturing technique. Thus, themulti-stage valve trim 200 includes avalve cage 208 and avalve plug 212 that is movably disposed within thevalve cage 208, and thevalve cage 208 includes a single,unitary body 216 and aninternal passageway 220 that is entirely contained within the single,unitary body 216. It will be appreciated that theinternal passageway 220 is large enough so as to prevent plugging when themulti-stage valve trim 200 is used in dirty service applications. As will be discussed in greater detail below, theinternal passageway 220 defines a plurality of fluid pressure reduction stages that facilitate the desired multi-stage fluid pressure reduction. - The
unitary body 216 can be made of one or more suitable materials, such as, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, and various alloys. Theunitary body 216 in this version generally extends along a longitudinal axis 224 from afirst end 228 to asecond end 232. As illustrated inFIG. 2 , theunitary body 216 includes anouter wall 236, aninner wall 240 integrally formed with theouter wall 236, aflange 244 that is integrally formed with theouter wall 236, and aseat 248 that is integrally formed with theouter wall 236. In other examples, however, theunitary body 216 may include more or less, and/or different, components. As an example, theunitary body 216 may not include theseat 248, which may, for example, instead be removably coupled to theunitary body 216. - The
outer wall 236 is generally arranged to engage a valve body of a fluid flow control device when themulti-stage valve trim 200 is disposed in the fluid flow control device. Theouter wall 236 in this example is formed from a plurality of differently sized wall portions, namely afirst wall portion 252, asecond wall portion 256, athird wall portion 260, and afourth wall portion 264. Thefirst wall portion 252 extends between thefirst end 228 and theflange 244 along the longitudinal axis 224. Thesecond wall portion 256 extends downwardly (at least inFIG. 2 ) from theflange 244 and then outwardly toward the second end 232 (i.e., at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis 224) before terminating at ashoulder 268 arranged to engage a portion of the valve body. Thus, at theshoulder 268, thesecond wall portion 256 has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of thefirst wall portion 252. Thethird wall portion 260 extends downwardly, along the longitudinal axis 224, from a portion of thesecond wall portion 256 positioned radially inwardly from theshoulder 268 and toward thesecond end 232, such that at theshoulder 268, the diameter of thesecond wall portion 256 is also greater than a diameter of thethird wall portion 260. Thefourth wall portion 264 extends downwardly, along the longitudinal axis 224, from thethird wall portion 260 to thesecond end 232. Thefourth wall portion 264 has a diameter that is less than the diameter of thethird wall portion 260. In other examples, however, theouter wall 236 can be formed from more or less, or differently sized, wall portions in order to accommodate and engage differently sized valve bodies. - As illustrated in
FIG. 2 , theinner wall 240 is spaced radially inwardly of theouter wall 236. More particularly, theinner wall 240 is spaced radially inwardly of theouter wall 236 at a position proximate thethird wall portion 260. In this example, theinner wall 240 extends along the longitudinal axis 224, such that theinner wall 240 is substantially parallel to theouter wall 236. However, in other examples, theinner wall 240 may curve relative to the longitudinal axis 224, such that theinner wall 240 is angled relative to theouter wall 236. - As also illustrated in
FIG. 2 , theflange 244 extends outwardly from theouter wall 236. In this example, theflange 244 extends outwardly from theouter wall 236 at a position proximate thefirst end 228. However, in other examples, theflange 244 may extend outwardly from theouter wall 236 at a position closer to or further from thefirst end 228. Theflange 244 is thus arranged to engage both the valve body and a bonnet of the fluid flow control device when themulti-stage valve trim 200 is disposed in the fluid flow control device. Theseat 248, on the other hand, extends inwardly from theouter wall 236. In this example, theseat 248 extends inwardly from theouter wall 236 at thesecond end 232 of theunitary body 216. However, in other examples, theseat 248 may extend inwardly from theouter wall 236 at a position that is spaced from thesecond end 232 of theunitary body 216. In any case, theseat 248 is positioned to selectively receive a portion of thevalve plug 212 to open or close theinternal passageway 220, as will be described in greater detail below. - With continued reference to
FIG. 2 , thevalve cage 208 also includes acage inlet 270 and acage outlet 274. In this example, thecage inlet 270 is formed in theunitary body 216 at thesecond end 232 of theunitary body 216, such that thecage inlet 270 extends along the longitudinal axis 224. In other examples, however, thecage inlet 270 may be formed in a different location and/or may extend along a different axis than the longitudinal axis 224 (e.g., may extend along an axis that is transverse to the longitudinal axis 224). In this example, thecage outlet 274 is formed in theouter wall 236 of theunitary body 216 at a position proximate thefirst end 228 of theunitary body 216. More particularly, thecage outlet 274 is formed in thesecond wall portion 256 of theouter wall 236 of theunitary body 216. Thecage outlet 274 thus extends along anaxis 276 that is transverse to the longitudinal axis 224. In other examples, however, thecage outlet 274 may be formed in a different location and/or may extend along a different axis than the axis 276 (e.g., along the longitudinal axis 224). - The
valve cage 208 also includes a plurality of annular recesses defined by theunitary body 216 and extending between thecage inlet 270 and thecage outlet 274. In this example, thevalve cage 208 includes fourannular recesses unitary body 216. More particularly, the firstannular recess 278A is defined by thefourth wall portion 264, the secondannular recess 278B is defined by theinner wall 240, the thirdannular recess 278C is defined by the second andthird wall portions annular recess 278D is defined by the first andsecond wall portions annular recess 278A is immediately adjacent thecage inlet 270 within theunitary body 216, the secondannular recess 278B is immediately adjacent the firstannular recess 278A within theunitary body 216, the thirdannular recess 278C is immediately adjacent the secondannular recess 278B within theunitary body 216, and the fourthannular recess 278D is immediately adjacent both the thirdannular recess 278C and thecage outlet 274 within theunitary body 216. As illustrated, the firstannular recess 278A has a first diameter and defines a first volume, the secondannular recess 278B has a second diameter smaller than the first diameter and defines a second volume that is smaller than the first volume, the thirdannular recess 278C has a third diameter larger than the second diameter and defines a third volume that may be smaller or larger than the second volume. and the fourthannular recess 278D has a fourth diameter smaller than the first and third diameters (and smaller or larger than the second diameter) and defines a fourth volume that is smaller than the first volume (and may be smaller or larger than the second and third volumes). In other examples, however, thevalve cage 208 may include more or less annular recesses, theannular recesses 278A-D may be defined by different portions of thevalve cage 208, and/or therecesses 278A-D may be sized differently. - As discussed above, the
internal passageway 220 is entirely contained within theunitary body 216. Theinternal passageway 220 extends between thecage inlet 270 and thecage outlet 274. In this example, theinternal passageway 220 is defined or formed by the firstannular recess 278A, the secondannular recess 278B, one or moreflow restricting passages 282 formed in theinner wall 236, the thirdannular recess 278C, and the fourthannular recess 278D. Each of theflow restricting passages 282 is sized to achieve the desired amount of fluid pressure reduction. As illustrated inFIG. 2 , theflow restricting passages 282 extend along atransverse axis 285 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 224 and parallel to theaxis 276. Thus, theflow restricting passages 282 serve to connect the secondannular recess 278B with the thirdannular recess 278C (and vice-versa). In other examples, however, theinternal passageway 220 may be defined or formed by more, less, or different components, such as, for example, a different number of annular recesses orflow restricting passages 282 that extend along an axis that is non-perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 224. - With continued reference to
FIG. 2 , details of thevalve plug 212 will now be described. Thevalve plug 212, which can be made of one or more suitable materials, such as, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, and various alloys, generally includes anelongated plug stem 286 and a plurality of sealing surfaces that extend radially outwardly from theelongated plug stem 286. Theelongated plug stem 286 and the plurality of sealing surfaces may be integrally formed with one another, e.g., using an additive manufacturing technique, or may be separately formed and coupled to one other. In this example, thevalve plug 212 includes theelongated plug stem 286 and three sealingsurfaces elongated plug stem 286. When thevalve plug 212 is movably disposed within thevalve cage 208, the elongated plug stem 286 extends along a longitudinal axis 294 that is co-axial with the longitudinal axis 224. Thefirst sealing surface 290A extends radially outwardly from theplug stem 286 at a position proximate afirst end 296 of theplug stem 286, such that thefirst sealing surface 290A is arranged to selectively engage an inner surface of theouter wall 236 of theunitary body 216 to open or sealingly close thecage outlet 274. Thethird sealing surface 290C extends radially outwardly from theplug stem 286 at a position located at asecond end 298 of theplug stem 286, such that thethird sealing surface 290C is arranged to selectively engage thevalve seat 248 of thevalve cage 208 to open or sealingly close thecage inlet 270. Thesecond sealing surface 290B extends radially outwardly from theplug stem 286 at a position between the first and third sealing surfaces 290A, 290C. More particularly, thesecond sealing surface 290B extends radially outwardly from theplug stem 286 at a position approximately halfway between the first and second ends 296, 298, such that thesecond sealing surface 290B is arranged to selectively engage theinner wall 240 of theunitary body 216 to open or sealingly close theflow restricting passages 282. In other examples, however, theplug stem 286 may have a different size and/or shape, and/or thevalve plug 212 may include more or less than three sealing surfaces. Moreover, while not illustrated herein, it will be appreciated that one or more pressure reducing passages may be formed in thevalve plug 212. In some cases, pressure reducing passages may be formed in thevalve plug 212 so as to define a plurality of pressure reducing stages within thevalve plug 212 as well. -
FIG. 3 illustrates themulti-stage valve trim 200 disposed in one example of a fluidflow control device 300 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. Briefly, the fluidflow control device 300 includes avalve body 304, abonnet 308 coupled to thevalve body 304, and astem 312 that is disposed in thevalve body 304 and thebonnet 308. Thevalve body 304 defines aninlet 316, anoutlet 320, and afluid flow passageway 324 that includes between theinlet 316 and theoutlet 320. In this example, theinlet 316 extends along an inlet axis 328 (which is in turn parallel to if not coaxial with the axes 224, 294) and theoutlet 320 extends along an outlet axis 332 that is perpendicular to theinlet axis 328, though in other examples, the outlet axis 332 may be non-perpendicular (e.g., parallel) to theinlet axis 328. Thestem 312 has one end coupled to an actuator (not shown) and another end coupled to thevalve plug 212, such that the actuator is operatively coupled to thevalve plug 212 to control the position of thevalve plug 212 within thevalve cage 208, which in turn controls fluid flow through theinternal passageway 220 and, more generally, thefluid flow passageway 324. - As illustrated in
FIG. 3 , when themulti-stage valve trim 200 is disposed in the fluidflow control device 300, thevalve cage 208 engages different portions of thevalve body 304 and thebonnet 308, and thevalve plug 212 is movably disposed within thevalve cage 208. More particularly, theouter wall 236 of thevalve cage 208 engages different portions of thevalve body 304, and theflange 244 of thevalve cage 208 engages both a portion of thevalve body 304 and a portion of thebonnet 308. In this example, thefirst wall portion 252 engages aportion 336 of thebonnet 308, theshoulder 268 engages afirst portion 340 of thevalve body 304, thethird wall portion 260 engages asecond portion 344 of thevalve body 304 that is closer to thecage inlet 270 than thefirst portion 340, and thefourth wall portion 264 engages athird portion 348 of thevalve body 304 that is closer to thecage inlet 270 than thesecond portion 344. In other examples, however, different portions of theouter wall 236 may engage these or other portions of thevalve body 304 and/or thebonnet 308. In any case, with thevalve cage 208 so disposed, a substantial portion of thevalve cage 208 is disposed within thefluid flow passageway 324, thereby providing ample volume for fluid expansion (and pressure reduction). Additionally, because a substantial portion of thevalve cage 208 is disposed within thefluid flow passageway 324, particularly a gallery of thefluid flow passageway 324, thebonnet 308 only needs to accommodate a small portion of thevalve cage 208. Thebonnet 308 in this example is able to do so, such that there is no need for a bonnet spacer like thebonnet spacer 132 described above. In turn, thebonnet 308 directly engages thevalve body 304, as illustrated inFIG. 3 . It will therefore be appreciated that the fluidflow control device 300 need not be modified in any manner whatsoever in order to accommodate themulti-stage valve trim 200. - When the fluid
flow control device 300 is in operation (with themulti-stage valve trim 200 disposed therein), thevalve plug 212 is movable (via thestem 312 and the actuator coupled thereto) between a fully closed position (shown inFIG. 3 ) and a fully open position (not shown) to close or open theinternal passageway 220 and, more generally, thefluid flow passageway 324. When thevalve plug 212 is in the fully closed position shown inFIG. 3 , thefirst sealing surface 290A sealingly engages and closes thecage outlet 274, thesecond sealing surface 290B sealingly engages theinner wall 236 of theunitary body 216, thereby closing theflow restricting passages 282, and thethird sealing surface 290C sealingly engages thevalve seat 248 of thevalve cage 208, thereby closing thecage inlet 270. In turn, fluid is preventing from flowing through theinternal passageway 220, such that fluid is preventing from flowing from theinlet 316 to theoutlet 320 via thefluid flow passageway 324. When, however, thevalve plug 212 is moved from this fully closed position to its fully open position, thevalve plug 212 is moved away from thecage inlet 270 and toward thefirst end 228 of theunitary body 216. This moves thefirst sealing surface 290A away from thecage outlet 274, opening thecage outlet 274, thesecond sealing surface 290B along theinner wall 236 and away from theflow restricting passages 282, and thethird sealing surface 290C away from thevalve seat 248, thereby opening thecage inlet 270. In turn, fluid is allowed to flow through theinternal passageway 220, such that fluid is allowed to flow from theinlet 316 to theoutlet 320 via thefluid flow passageway 324. - When the
valve plug 212 is in its fully open position, fluid that has entered thevalve body 304 via theinlet 316 flows into thevalve cage 208 via thecage inlet 270. In many cases, though not always, the fluid entering thecage inlet 270 will have a high pressure. After passing through thecage inlet 270, the fluid is forced into the firstannular recess 278A, which forces the fluid to flow radially outwardly, toward theouter wall 232 of thevalve cage 208, thereby reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a first pressure reduction stage). The fluid is next forced into the secondannular recess 278B, which forces the fluid to flow radially inwardly, away from theouter wall 232 of thevalve cage 208, thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a second pressure reduction stage). The fluid is then forced to flow through theflow restricting passages 282, which forces the fluid to flow radially outwardly, again toward theouter wall 232 of thevalve cage 208, thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a third pressure reduction stage). After passing through theflow restricting passages 282, the fluid is forced to flow into the thirdannular recess 278C, which allows the fluid to expand, thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a fourth pressure reduction stage). The fluid is then forced into the fourthannular recess 278D, which forces the fluid to flow radially inwardly, thereby further reducing the pressure of the fluid (i.e., a fifth pressure reduction stage). At this point, the fluid is forced into and through thecage outlet 274, such that the fluid leaves thevalve cage 208 and flows toward theoutlet 320 of thevalve body 304. In this manner, the fluid leaving thevalve cage 208 has a lower pressure than the fluid did when entering thevalve cage 208. - Finally, while the
multi-stage valve trim 200 in this example is a flow up valve trim (because fluid flows axially upward through the internal passageway 220), themulti-stage valve trim 200 can, in other examples, be a flow down valve trim (wherein fluid would flow axially downward through the internal passageway 220). In one such example, themulti-stage valve trim 200 may be configured so that thecage inlet 270 is at or proximate to thefirst end 228 and thecage outlet 274 is at or proximate to thesecond end 228. In addition, thevalve seat 248 may be positioned elsewhere in thevalve cage 208, in which case the sealing surface 290 of thevalve plug 212 may be moved to selectively sealingly engage there-positioned valve seat 248. - Preferred aspects of this invention are described herein, including the best mode or modes known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Although numerous examples are shown and described herein, those of skill in the art will readily understand that details of the various aspects need not be mutually exclusive. Instead, those of skill in the art upon reading the teachings herein should be able to combine one or more features of one aspect with one or more features of the remaining aspects. Further, it also should be understood that the illustrated aspects are exemplary only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the aspect or aspects of the invention, and do not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US16/034,225 US10781927B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Monolithic, non-plugging multi-stage valve trim |
PCT/US2019/041376 WO2020014463A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-11 | Monolithic, non-plugging multi-stage valve trim |
CN201921100147.2U CN211901789U (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Non-clogging multi-stage valve cage, non-clogging multi-stage valve trim, and fluid flow control apparatus |
CN201910630114.7A CN110715108B (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Integrated non-blocking multi-stage valve trim |
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US16/034,225 US10781927B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Monolithic, non-plugging multi-stage valve trim |
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US20200018406A1 true US20200018406A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
US10781927B2 US10781927B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
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US16/034,225 Active 2038-07-31 US10781927B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Monolithic, non-plugging multi-stage valve trim |
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US (1) | US10781927B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN110715108B (en) |
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CN113494642A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2021-10-12 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Injection allocation assembly and injection allocation device |
WO2022056612A1 (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-24 | Companhia Paulista De Força E Luz – Cpfl | Valve assembly |
CN114718769A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-08 | 西安航天动力试验技术研究所 | High-pressure fluid multistage pressure reduction device |
US20220307625A1 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Noise abatement in a venturi valve |
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KR102520456B1 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2023-04-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method for transmitting and receiving HARQ-ACK information in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor |
CA3163163A1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-22 | Bruce J. Butler | Fluid flow control devices and related systems and methods |
CN113357432B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-06-21 | 河南航天液压气动技术有限公司 | High-precision easy-to-adjust silencing balance valve |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN110715108A (en) | 2020-01-21 |
US10781927B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
WO2020014463A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
CN211901789U (en) | 2020-11-10 |
CN110715108B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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