CN103597061A - 1,1-二乙氧基乙烷用于增加车用汽油的抗爆震性的用途 - Google Patents
1,1-二乙氧基乙烷用于增加车用汽油的抗爆震性的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
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- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/305—Octane number, e.g. motor octane number [MON], research octane number [RON]
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
- C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
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Abstract
本发明涉及1,1-二乙氧基乙烷用于使初沸点(IBP)为80℃到120℃的低沸点汽油的抗爆震性增加至少40个单位(研究法辛烷值)的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及1,1-二乙氧基乙烷(乙醛二乙基乙酸酯)作为化油器燃料(车用汽油)的抗爆震剂的用途。本发明的主题还包括通过添加根据本发明的抗爆震剂而获得的车用汽油。在本申请中,仅正确的术语“车用汽油”将在下文中用于表示口语中称为“化油器燃料”的物质。
背景技术
车用汽油有不同的类型,例如Super或Superplus,这些类型在其抗爆震性方面有所不同。抗爆震性为奥托发动机(Otto engine)中所用汽油的一种性质,这种汽油不会因自动点火而以不受控制的方式燃烧(“爆震”),而是仅通过点火火花、喷射或压缩来控制燃烧。为了这一目的,将车用汽油与通过增加辛烷值来减少奥托发动机的爆震倾向的添加剂(所谓的抗爆震剂)混合。
这意味着辛烷值定义了车用汽油的抗爆震性的量度。至多100的辛烷值数值指示了在与正庚烷C7H16(RON = 0)的混合物中必须包含的异辛烷C8H18(RON = 100)的量(以体积百分比表示),它使得所述混合物具有与待测试的燃料相同的抗爆震性(根据RON或MON,在测试发动机中)。举例来说,汽油的辛烷值RON = 95将意味着所述汽油的抗爆震性与体积百分比为95%的异辛烷和体积百分比为5%的正庚烷的混合物的抗爆震性相同。
研究法辛烷值(Research Octane Number,RON)是根据DIN EN ISO 5164(ASTM D 2699)测定,并且描述了在低发动机负荷和低转速下的爆震行为。马达法辛烷值(Motor Octane Number,MON)是根据DIN EN ISO 5163(ASTM D 2700)测定,并且描述了在高发动机负荷和高热应力下的行为。
过去,有机铅化合物,尤其是烷基铅(如四乙基铅)被用作抗爆震剂。现在,由于铅除了有毒并且对环境有害以外,还会损坏汽车的催化式排气净化器(catalytic converter),故使用含氧化合物(含氧物),如醇或醚。由于汽油-醇混合物在水存在下和/或在低温下易于分离,故现在主要使用甲基-叔丁基醚(methyl-tert-butyl-ether,MTBE)作为抗爆震剂。然而,MTBE是一种难以生物降解的环境污染物(它在地下水中的半衰期是10到15年)。除MTBE以外,俄罗斯使用的另一抗爆震剂是例如N-甲基苯胺(单甲基苯胺,MMA),其抗爆震作用优于MTBE或甲醇,但会引起致癌性N-亚硝胺的形成。
专利文献还提出了用于增加化油器燃料的抗爆震性的许多化合物。
举例来说,US 6,514,299描述了一种由体积百分比为85%到99%的C1-C4醇和体积百分比为1%到15%的醚化合物构成的组合物作为抗爆震剂,所述醚化合物是选自二烷氧基烷烃、烷氧基烷醇、三烷氧基烷烃、二烷氧基环烷烃以及芳基烷基二醚的群组。所述组合物是通过在中性或碱性铂催化剂存在下加热C1-C4醇来制造。所述组合物显示出辛烷值的协同增加。
DE 31 33 899 A1提出了添加通式R3O-C(R1)(R2)-OR4的缩酮,其中R1为CH3、C2H5或C3H7,R2表示CH3或C2H5,并且R3和R4可以为CH3、C2H5、C3H7或C4H9。适当时,所述二烷氧基烷烃是与二烷氧基甲烷组合添加。在一个优选实施例中,使用了2,2-二烷氧基丙烷(尤其是2,2-二甲氧基丙烷),适当时组合有二甲氧基甲烷。这一申请的结果显示,所述添加剂使研究法辛烷值和马达法辛烷值增加最大2.5个单位。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于车用汽油的替代性抗爆震剂,所述抗爆震剂实现了研究法辛烷值以及马达法辛烷值的显著增加。
已意外地发现,向初沸点(IBP)为80℃到120℃的低沸点汽油中仅添加1,1-二乙氧基乙烷使抗爆震性的研究法辛烷值(RON)显著增加至少40个单位。MON增加25到超过40个单位,优选30到40个单位。1,1-二乙氧基乙烷的添加量的体积百分比为5%到20%,优选为5%到10%。IBP为80℃到120℃的低沸点汽油充当基础汽油并且RON和MON每个至少为70个单位,优选每个为75个单位。根据本发明的车用汽油是通过添加1,1-二乙氧基乙烷和常规添加剂来制造,常规添加剂如抗氧化剂、防腐蚀剂、清洁剂(用以保护喷射系统以防沉积)、化油器结冰抑制剂、点火加速剂等,或其混合物。所用基础汽油的初沸点优选为80℃到115℃,尤其优选为85℃到110℃,特别优选为90℃到110℃。根据本发明,优选添加体积百分比为5%到10%、尤其优选约5%的1,1-二乙氧基乙烷。
本发明的主题还包括一种研究法辛烷值为110到140个单位的车用汽油,它包含作为基础汽油的初沸点(IBP)为80℃到120℃的低沸点汽油、作为抗爆震剂的1,1-二乙氧基乙烷以及常规添加剂,其中其他抗爆震剂被排除在外。本发明的车用汽油的马达法辛烷值优选为95到140个单位,尤其优选为100到140个单位。
根据本发明,本发明的车用汽油包含1,1-二乙氧基乙烷和常规添加剂,但并无其他抗爆震剂,尤其没有C1-C4醇(它与特定的1,1-二烷氧基烷烃的组合在US 6,514,299中被描述为抗爆震剂)。此外,所述车用汽油不包含通式R3O-C(R1)(R2)-OR4的缩酮(它与二甲氧基甲烷的组合在DE 31 33 899 A1中被描述为抗爆震剂)。
也已经发现,添加到汽油中的1,1-二乙氧基乙烷防止烟灰形成,并且还起到类似清洁剂的作用,即移除发动机气缸中的碳沉积并且确保喷射泵保持清洁。
如果将1,1-二乙氧基乙烷添加到商品汽油(含有15%、10%或20%的乙醇)中,那么所述汽油将为稳定的并且将在1到1.5年中不发生分离。这对于本发明的车用汽油来说也是如此。
现将参照示例性实施例更详细地阐明本发明。
具体实施方式
根据已知方法合成1,1-二乙氧基乙烷;测定其沸点为103℃并且测定其折射率为1.3819(nd 20)。
将表1中所列的化合物以所示的量(以体积计)添加到IBP为110℃的低沸点汽油中,以便将其与1,1-二乙氧基乙烷相比较。将二乙氧基乙烷添加到IBP为100℃和IBP为110℃的低沸点汽油馏份中。RON是根据ASTM D 2699-86,使用Shatox SX-300或Shatox SX-150 NEW分析仪测量,并且在适当时进行外推。MON是根据ASTM D 2700-86以相同方式测定。
表1
组分的名称 | MON | RON |
汽油,IBP 100℃ | 78.0 | 80.0 |
汽油,IBP 100℃(95%)+二乙氧基乙烷(5%) | 107.0 | 127.0 |
汽油,IBP 110℃ | 82.0 | 82.0 |
汽油,IBP 110℃(90%)+二乙氧基甲烷(10%) | 98.0 | 129.0 |
汽油,IBP 110℃(95%)+二乙氧基乙烷(5%) | 124.0 | 135.0 |
汽油,IBP 110℃(90%)+二乙氧基乙烷(10%) | 130.0 | 140.0 |
汽油,IBP 110℃(90%)+丙缩醛(10%) | 101.5 | 136.0 |
汽油,IBP 110℃(95%)+丁缩醛(5%) | 119.3 | 146.6 |
所获得的值令人印象深刻地显示,向低沸点基础汽油中添加5体积%到10体积%的1,1-二乙氧基乙烷实现了29到超过40个单位的MON增加以及超过40个单位的RON增加。
Claims (6)
1.一种1,1-二乙氧基乙烷的用途,其用于使初沸点(IBP)为80℃到120℃的低沸点汽油的抗爆震性增加,所述汽油具有至少70个单位的研究法辛烷值和马达法辛烷值,其中除1,1-二乙氧基乙烷以外未添加其他抗爆震剂,并且所述汽油的研究法辛烷值通过仅添加1,1-二乙氧基乙烷而增加至少40个单位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述马达法辛烷值增加25到超过40个单位,优选30到40个单位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述低沸点汽油的初沸点为80℃到115℃,优选为85℃到110℃。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一权利要求所述的用途,其特征在于,相对于所述低沸点汽油的总体积,使用1,1-二乙氧基乙烷的体积百分比为5%到20%、优选5%到10%、尤其优选约5%。
5.一种研究法辛烷值为110到140个单位的车用汽油,所述车用汽油包含作为基础汽油的初沸点(IBP)为80℃到120℃的低沸点汽油、作为抗爆震剂的1,1-二乙氧基乙烷以及常规添加剂,其中其他抗爆震剂被排除在外。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车用汽油,所述车用汽油具有95到140个单位、优选100到140个单位的马达法辛烷值。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11163065.3 | 2011-04-19 | ||
EP20110163065 EP2514804A1 (de) | 2011-04-19 | 2011-04-19 | Verwendung von 1,1-Dialkoxyalkanen zur Erhöhung der Klopffestigkeit von Motorenbenzin |
PCT/EP2012/057199 WO2012143465A1 (de) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-04-19 | Verwendung von 1,1-diethoxyethan zur erhöhung der klopffestigkeit von motorenbenzin |
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CN103597061A true CN103597061A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
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CN201280019111.6A Pending CN103597061A (zh) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-04-19 | 1,1-二乙氧基乙烷用于增加车用汽油的抗爆震性的用途 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9005316B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2514804A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103597061A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2833473A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2567541C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012143465A1 (zh) |
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JP6406974B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-24 | 2018-10-17 | 理研香料ホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料用着臭剤 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1582420A (en) * | 1925-07-09 | 1926-04-27 | Nikaido Yasujuro | Motor fuel |
US3869262A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1975-03-04 | Oesterr Hiag Werke Ag | Fuel and additive for the production thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2237660A (en) * | 1939-01-14 | 1941-04-08 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Polyfurcous fuel |
US2842432A (en) * | 1953-12-07 | 1958-07-08 | Texas Co | Supplementary fuel mixture for cold starting diesel engines |
US4276055A (en) * | 1979-09-05 | 1981-06-30 | Huang James P H | Novel fuel composition and the process of preparing same |
US4374648A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1983-02-22 | Chevron Research Company | Motor fuel composition |
DD157969A3 (de) | 1980-09-16 | 1982-12-22 | Juergen Welker | Kraftstoffe fuer otto-motoren |
DE19702989A1 (de) * | 1997-01-28 | 1998-07-30 | Clariant Gmbh | Umweltfreundlicher Dieseltreibstoff |
FR2764301B1 (fr) * | 1997-06-09 | 1999-07-30 | Elf Antar France | Composition de carburant comprenant des composes oxygenes pour moteurs diesel |
US6514299B1 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2003-02-04 | Millennium Fuels Usa, Llc | Fuel additive and method therefor |
RU2008130735A (ru) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-27 | Юрий Владимирович Политанский (RU) | Автомобильное топливо и способ его получения |
-
2011
- 2011-04-19 EP EP20110163065 patent/EP2514804A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-04-19 WO PCT/EP2012/057199 patent/WO2012143465A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-04-19 CN CN201280019111.6A patent/CN103597061A/zh active Pending
- 2012-04-19 CA CA 2833473 patent/CA2833473A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-04-19 US US14/112,873 patent/US9005316B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-19 EP EP12720823.9A patent/EP2699656A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-19 RU RU2013151748/04A patent/RU2567541C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1582420A (en) * | 1925-07-09 | 1926-04-27 | Nikaido Yasujuro | Motor fuel |
US3869262A (en) * | 1971-05-05 | 1975-03-04 | Oesterr Hiag Werke Ag | Fuel and additive for the production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2013151748A (ru) | 2015-05-27 |
WO2012143465A1 (de) | 2012-10-26 |
RU2567541C2 (ru) | 2015-11-10 |
US20140123550A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
EP2699656A1 (de) | 2014-02-26 |
EP2514804A1 (de) | 2012-10-24 |
CA2833473A1 (en) | 2012-11-26 |
US9005316B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
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