CN103548984A - Navel orange storage and fresh-keeping method and navel orange non-sweating type middle-temperature pretreatment method - Google Patents
Navel orange storage and fresh-keeping method and navel orange non-sweating type middle-temperature pretreatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a navel orange storage and fresh-keeping method and a navel orange non-sweating type middle-temperature pretreatment method. The navel orange storage and fresh-keeping method comprises the step of non-sweating type middle-temperature pretreatment; in the navel orange non-sweating type middle-temperature pretreatment method, a ClO2 water solution or an NaOCl water solution is taken as a washing and disinfecting agent for washing and disinfecting navel oranges, the washing and disinfecting time is 1min-5min, and the temperature of the solution is 30-35 DEG C. The sweating process of navel oranges for 2-8 days in pretreatment is omitted in the method; residual pesticides and microorganisms on the fruit surfaces are removed, and thus the healing of superfine wounds on the fruit surfaces is accelerated; the acid environment is formed on the fruit surfaces, and thus the disease harm to the fruits during storage is reduced; waste water is harmlessly discharged, and thus the pollution to environment is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, relate to navel orange method for storing and refreshing, be specifically related to a kind of navel orange method for storing and refreshing and exempt from warm preprocess method in sweating formula.
Background technology
At present, 1.1 hundred million tons of world's navel orange total outputs, that wherein with fresh fruit, consumes accounts for 6,000 ten thousand tons, 1,800 ten thousand tons of its navel oranges.2006 Nian， China navel orange Yue350 Wan Dun，Dan China navel orange commercialization undertreatments 30%, 1% of navel orange export shortfall output.In recent years, greatly develop under the support of navel orange industrial policy in country, navel orange area, fruit output increase rapidly.But navel orange market is typical seasonality eats consumption raw, and the listing phase is too concentrated, it is February in October to next year that navel orange is mainly consumed season, is mainly the import navel orange of high price other months, and consumption figure is little.According to Ministry of Agriculture prediction,, there is larger market has openings in the year two thousand twenty China navel orange demand approximately 2,500 ten thousand t, and China's navel orange production capacity 2,100 ten thousand t only when the time comes, has affected the equilibrium supply in market, reduced the economic benefit of navel orange industry.If the main listing phase of domestic navel orange can be extended to July, just can increase more than 50% consumption figure in a short time.In addition, along with improving constantly of people's living standard, just there is obvious variation in fruit consumption: seller's market transfers buyer's market to, scalar type consumption transfers mass type consumption to; Requirement to commercialized degree is more and more higher, requires the outward appearance of fruit and endoplasm all good, pollution-free, fresh, neat, and delicately packed.Therefore, researching and developing energetically and promote the use of navel orange commercialization processing and new fresh keeping technique is to extend the fresh fruit supply phase, realizes the year-round supply of navel orange and avoids the peak hour listing institute problem demanding prompt solution.
Navel Orange Fruits is after tree is adopted back, and on pericarp, with many germs and dirt, easy infection morbidity, therefore needs disinfection.Fruit under just having adopted is still the organism that keeps vital movement, and body temperature is higher, and field heat is larger, if pre-storage cooling not in time, the respiration that will aggravate fruit, mildew and rot rotten the increasing the weight of that causes duration of storage.Therefore, pretreatment (or cooling sweating is processed) is all carried out in domestic existing navel orange storage after disinfectant fresh-keeping is processed, and the general time is about 2-8 days; but in large-scale production, find, during pre-processing, fruit surface easily feels like jelly; in rear term storage, the fruit proportion of goods damageds are higher.
Summary of the invention
According to the demand in above-mentioned field and deficiency, the invention provides a kind of navel orange method for storing and refreshing and exempt from warm preprocess method in sweating formula, the inventive method has been saved navel orange and has generally been needed 2～8 days pretreated " sweating " operations, agricultural chemicals, the microorganism of fruit surface remnants have been removed, accelerate the healing of the fine wound of fruit surface, and form sour environment at fruit real surface, in rear term storage, reduce the infringement that fruit is subject to disease in storage and reduced the fruit proportion of goods damageds, waste water harmless discharge, reduces the pollution to environment simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A method for storing and refreshing, is characterized in that, the method comprises exempts from warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula, described in exempt from warm pretreatment in sweating formula and select ClO
2the aqueous solution or the NaOCl aqueous solution are that cleaning and sterilizing is carried out in cleaning and sterilizing agent, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 1～5min, and the temperature of the aqueous solution is 30 ℃～35 ℃.
Described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 100～200ppm.
Described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 150ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
The concentration of the described NaOCl aqueous solution is 3000ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
Said method also comprises fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment step, and this step is: by navel orange be put in by 1000 times of dilutions 40% hundred can with 22.2% wear and frustrate in the mould anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid forming with volume 1:1 32 ℃～38 ℃ constant temperature immersion 1min of 500 times of dilutions.
The temperature that described constant temperature soaks is 35 ℃.
Said method comprises the steps: in order
(1) adopt and to exempt from warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula and carry out pretreatment;
(2) remove the moisture content of fruit surface, adopt fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment step process air-dry;
(3) Wei Bao-P fruit wax liquid that Wei Bao for spray-P fruit wax and warm water volume ratio are 1:4, dry wax liquid 30s, more air-dry;
(4) graduation inner packing, reinstalls weedtree case;
(5) storage.
Navel orange is exempted from warm preprocess method in sweating formula, it is characterized in that, the method is selected ClO
2the aqueous solution or the NaOCl aqueous solution are that cleaning and sterilizing is carried out in cleaning and sterilizing agent, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 1～5min, and the temperature of solution is 30 ℃～35 ℃.
Described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 100～200ppm.
The concentration of the described NaOCl aqueous solution is 3000ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
Described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 150ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
The basic principle of Navel Orange Fruits preservation and freshness
Navel Orange Fruits is an organism that has vital movement, after gathering, the moisture of fruit and nutrient constantly lose and consume, and the fruit after simultaneously adopting weakens widely to the resistivity of microorganism, and this is just to the convenient machine of infection process, once bacteria infection, often accelerates fruit rot rotten.
Navel Orange Fruits, at duration of storage, has the hydrolysis of obvious respiration and inclusion.Respiration is borrowed airborne oxygen by nutrient in fruit (sugared, sour etc.), be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, simultaneously by hydrolysis by some water-fast substance decomposition, be oxidized and consume, color and luster, local flavor, quality and the nutritive value of fruit and physiological situation are all constantly changed, i.e. an aging course of fruit experience, breathe and increase, consume and strengthen, old and feeble acceleration, shelf-life shortens.
Navel Orange Fruits as storage; gathering, in packing, transportation and sales process; to safeguard the healthy power of fruit as far as possible; do not make its normal activities be invaded and harassed, and do one's utmost to prevent germ infringement, also want applied science method; reduce respiratory intensity; consumption and the aging course of fruit are delayed, thereby protection fine quality extend shelf-life.
The length of Navel Orange Fruits shelf-life is subject to various factors, and internal factor has: fruit maturity, fruit structure, fruit internal substance (sugar-acid ratio etc.).External factor has: disease and pest, mechanical wounding, storage environment (temperature, humidity, gas component).External cause is often by interior thereby work.Can grasp internal and external factor, very important to storage success or not.
The fresh-keeping mechanism of the inventive method is: by suppressing the metabolic activity of fruit, play the aging of delayed fruit, postpone the formation of base of fruit absciss layer, make base of fruit keep dark green fresh and do not come off, thereby prevent from hindering pathogenic infection and rotting because base of fruit comes off to cause.
Initiate and exempt from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula
The present invention is for adopting first the ClO of 100～200ppm at home and abroad
2when 30 ℃～35 ℃ of water temperatures the navel orange of cleaning and sterilizing 1～5min exempt from sweating formula in warm preconditioning technique (saved navel orange and generally needed pretreatment in 2～8 days (" sweating ") operation), agricultural chemicals, the microorganism of fruit surface remnants have been removed, accelerate the healing of the fine wound of fruit surface, and form sour environment at fruit real surface, in rear term storage, reduce the infringement that fruit is subject to disease in storage, waste water harmless discharge, reduces the pollution to environment simultaneously.Cleaning and sterilizing water temperature outline is worked as degree/day higher than fruit picking, (chief reason is to build a temperature mutually fair with setting body for fruit to be generally 30 ℃～35 ℃, strong variations that can Yin Wendu and cause the variation of the material of fruit), the concentration of thimerosal is 150ppm, and temperature is that 30～35 ℃ and cleaning and sterilizing time are that 3min effect is better.
Fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature soaks technology, has realized the repetition controllability of technique and the uniformity of effect
The inventive method is created constant temperature at home and abroad and is soaked (35 ℃ of constant temperature soak 1min) anti-corrosive fresh-keeping composite solution (40,%00 can obtain 1000 times+22.2% wears and frustrate mould 500 times, volume ratio is 1:1) treatment technology, solve variations in temperature in domestic soak at room temperature technique and caused greatly the problems such as corrosion-resistanting fresh-keeping effect inhomogeneity and the effective controlled difference of technique, realized the effectively controlled of technology, and can bring into play the active of medicine the largelyst and create the environment of a relative equilibrium for storage fruit, the storage property that the improves fruit fruit rate of becoming reconciled.
Inventor will exempt from warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula and combine with anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment step, and the condition element that respectively forms between it acts synergistically, better effects if.
Navel orange is adopted rear commercialization and is processed flow charts such as mainly comprising fruit picking in batches, choosing fruit, cleaning, waxing, classification, labeling, packing, storing.The navel orange that commercialization is processed after adopting has not only improved its presentation quality.Remove dust, impurity and the pesticide residue of navel orange epidermis, can also reduce moisture evaporation through cleaning waxing.Prevent pathogen contamination, alleviate the respiratory intensity of fruit, delay senility, suppress to rot, extend shelf life and the edible life-span of navel orange.
The present invention exempts from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula, anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion technology, multifactor integrated sorting technology by integrated application, broken through the limitation that navel orange tradition is adopted rear commercialization processing and storage technique, there is the field heat of removal, exempt from sweating formula, information-based multifactor sorting, energy-conserving and environment-protective, effectively control the features such as pernicious gas that produce in storage, realized whole-course automation, intellectuality simultaneously.Processing speed reaches 40 Dun ∕ hour, and accuracy reaches 95%, and the navel orange preserving phase can reach 172 days, and good fruit rate reaches 94.6%.Navel orange through adopting the inventive method to process, the aspects such as the fruit colour in same packing, size, single fruit weight, quality reach consistent substantially, so not only increase greatly the aesthetic measure of navel orange, improved the quality of tangerine mandarin orange, but be also convenient to transportation and the storage of navel orange.Products export is to more than 20 countries and regions such as Russia, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Hongkong and Macro, and has standing order cooperation to be with large-scale international flow of goods company, obtained good economic benefit and social benefit.
Navel orange method for storing and refreshing of the present invention is also applicable to the preservation and freshness of oranges and tangerines and other fruits.
The indices that the inventive method completes
Table 1 indices performance of the present invention table
Adopt the inventive method to there is following beneficial effect:
1, the navel orange preserving phase can reach more than 172 days, and good fruit rate >=94.6%, Gu acid is than >=9.0;
2, improve screening installation, multifactor integrated sorting accuracy >=95%;
3, sum up after navel orange is adopted, exempt from the commercialization processing of sweating formula and storage technique operational procedure a set of;
4, product meets NY/T1189-2006 < < navel orange storage > > requirement;
5, set up one, whole-course automation, intelligentized navel orange commercialization process for producing line, processing speed reaches 40 tons/hour.
6, reduce production cost, improved the production cost of navel orange production-distribution chain.
The specific embodiment
It is in order further to understand better the present invention that following embodiment is provided; be not limited to described embodiment; content of the present invention and protection domain are not construed as limiting; anyone under enlightenment of the present invention or by the present invention, combines with the feature of other prior aries and any and the present invention of drawing is identical or akin product, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Unreceipted specific experiment step or condition person in embodiment, can carry out according to the operation of the described normal experiment step of the document in this area or condition.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional reagent product of commercial acquisition.
reagent source:
Biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonates have another name called hundred and can obtain: manufacturing enterprise is Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan; Formulation is wettable powder; Active constituent content is 40%;
Wear frustrate mould: manufacturer: U.S. Xian Nong Co., Ltd; Formulation: missible oil; Active ingredient: imazalil; Effective content is 22.2%.
embodiment 1. the inventive method conditional filterings
One, pluck monitoring management technology screening
Gathering of fruit is an important step in management, is the first pass that fruit storage transportation, commercialization are processed.The good ring of harvesting technique and transportation are controlled and directly to be affected result of management, gather and transport improperly, and damage fruit quality, causes fruit rot.Therefore, on affecting the harvesting batch of fruit quality, be studied, and in conjunction with production practices, summed up harvesting monitoring management technology.
1, pluck batch test
Different according to illumination, fruit color degree, in conjunction with the factor such as artificial, consider, the present invention establishes two and plucks Processing Test, refers to table 2.
Table 2 is plucked batch selection test and an interpretation of result
As known from Table 2, adopt minute 3 batches of harvesting navel oranges, fruit color and mouthfeel quality are all better.
2, pluck monitoring management technology
(1) Navel Orange Fruits for preservation and freshness can adopt the thiophanate methyl of 800 times 50% to spray (Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan's production) for first 7 days in harvesting, can prevent well the generation of fungal disease, and fruit is forbidden in 12～15 days pouring water and applying fertilizer before gathering, otherwise easily produces dehiscent fruit and affect quality and storage period.
(2) fruit divides 3 batches of harvestings, should be 80% painted and do not gather during deliquescing, too early, spend evening and all can affect quality and storage period.While gathering, to accomplish first to adopt the fruit outside tree crown, after adopt the fruit in tree crown; First adopt tree crown bottom fruit, after adopt the fruit on tree crown top.While gathering, as heavy rain, and plucked afterwards for 4～5 days.The suitableeest gathering after fine day dew is dry.Before gathering, operating personnel will cut flat nail, during harvesting, also will put on one's gloves.Picking fruit must be put down gently by light pruning, forbids haling firmly and pulls, and prevents from spraining or draw the pine nut base of a fruit.During harvesting, must really cut by specialty, adopt two to cut method, first cuts apart from more than base of fruit 1cm locating to cut off, second cuts flat sepal cuts flat, in order to avoid pericarp mechanical trauma affects fresh preservation, can not make the too short sepal that injures of carpopodium, can not make again carpopodium long stab other fruit.
(3) while plucking, the fruit of different cultivars and grade will divide exploitation, separately fills, separately transports, separately deposit.
(4) fruit case should be used plastic box, and size is advisable with 20～25 kilograms of dress navel oranges.
Two, exempt from warm preconditioning technique research in sweating formula
1, agent
NaCl(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Salt Company); ClO
2(Hualongxingyu Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing); NaOCl(Chengdu Ke Long chemical reagent factory)
2, test design method and interpretation of result
The selection of disinfectant, selects according to requirements such as wide spectrum, efficient, low-residual, waste water non-pollution discharges disinfectant (composition) list (2009) year version > > for food from < <.Select NaCl, ClO
2, NaOCl is as cleaning and sterilizing agent, adopts variable concentrations and different temperatures and different cleaning and sterilizing time to process, and the navel orange of treated mistake is carried out to Bacteria Culture, take total plate count as judgement content, sum up and exempt from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula.
The cleaning and sterilizing time is made as 1～5min, because find in lab scale, and cleaning and sterilizing overlong time, navel orange surface detail cell wall can suck cleaning disinfection liquid; The too short object that does not reach cleaning and sterilizing; Water temperature is worked as degree/day a little more than fruit picking, is generally 30 ℃～35 ℃ left and right, its chief reason one be for fruit build one with the relative fair temperature of tree body, strong variations that can Yin Wendu and cause the variation of fruit inherence material; The 2nd, because chlorine dioxide is used between 26 ℃～50 ℃ of temperature, action effect is best.
The present invention establishes altogether 15 tests and processes (referring to table 3), and each test cleaning and sterilizing is processed 100 fruits, randomly draws 10 navel oranges and does scraping epidermis bacterium culture test.
As can be seen from Table 3, the bactericidal effect of tested number 8,10,11 is best, but considers dosage and cost, and ClO
2be that the chlorine of generally acknowledging is in the world the optimal renewal product of disinfectant, there is anticorrosion, anti-mildew, the function such as fresh-keeping.Therefore, exempting from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula is employing ClO
2150ppm, cleaning and sterilizing time 3min best results when 30 ℃～35 ℃ of water temperatures.
Table 3 is exempted from warm preconditioning technique test Treatment Design and result in sweating formula
Three, anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid test
1, agent
40%00 can obtain biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate wettable powders (Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan's production); 22.2% wears and frustrates mould missible oil (production of U.S. Xian Nong company).
2, test design method and interpretation of result
Inventor adopts 40,%00 can obtain biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate wettable powders, 22.2% and wear and frustrate after different diluted concentrations of anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid that mould missible oil forms and different constant temperature processing time process, and determines the preferred compositions of anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid and thermostat temperature with the decayed fruit rate after putting in storage.
In the fresh-keeping complex liquid of preparing in this test, hundred can frustrate mould volume ratio and be 1:1 with wearing.
The present invention designs altogether 9 tests and processes (referring to table 4), pluck fruit on November 8th, 2009, when Nikkei is cleaned, sterilizes, preserved after 32～38 ℃ of constant temperature soak anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid 1min, waxing, individual packing, 400 fruits are processed in each test, randomly draw 200 fruits and do storage test.
As can be seen from Table 5, the treatment effect of tested number 4 is best, and decayed fruit rate only has 1%.40,%00 can obtain 1000 times+22.2% and wear and frustrate mould 500 times+35 ℃ constant temperature and soak fresh-keeping liquid 1min.In follow-up embodiment, when the present invention soaks anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid, adopt 35 ℃ of constant temperature infusion methods, its objective is for the environment to a relative equilibrium of fruit, variation that can Yin Wendu causes the variation of the inherent material of fruit, and can make the activity of medicine fully demonstrate; Inventor in R&D process, finds constant temperature soaking temperature floating or lowering 3 ℃ also can reach suitable effect.
Table 4 anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid experimental design
Table 5 preserve test result statistical form
Four, wax spray technical study
1, fruit wax concentration is selected
(1) agent
The present invention selects Wei Bao-P fruit wax, because its natural brightness is lasting, low viscosity, highly-breathable and quick-drying, meets European & American Market standard, so select Wei Bao-P fruit wax.
(2) test design method and interpretation of result
According to lab scale, the fruit wax concentration 1:2 overrich of use, sealing is severe, rots more; Concentration 1:5 is too rare again, and Navel Orange Fruits color and luster is poor.And concentration 1:3 is suitable with 1:4 effect, therefore designing 2 tests altogether, the present invention processes (referring to table 6), 400 fruits are processed in each test, randomly draw 200 fruits and do storage test.The results are shown in Table 6,120 days good fruit rates of concentration 1:3 storage are only 90.67%, and concentration is while being 1:4, and preserving 120 days good fruit rates is 94.77%, and color and luster is better, so in scale storage, select the concentration of 1:4.(ratio in this technique is the ratio of fruit wax and the volume of warm water)
Table 6 fruit wax concentration is selected test and interpretation of result
2, wax spray technical study
Select wax liquid to have temperature, be for the spraying of wax liquid more even, high with pericarp degree of agreement, prevent from, the coming off of wax layer cold season, affecting storage property and the gloss of fruit.
The present invention designs altogether 4 tests and processes (referring to table 7), and 200 fruits are processed in each test, organize 5 technical staff to carry out sensory evaluation, then in conjunction with depositing observation, carry out comprehensive judgement, to determine the optimised process of wax spray.
As known from Table 8, process No. 1 effect best, therefore the optimised process that 40 ℃+wax of wax liquid concentration 1:4+ temperature liquid 30s drying time is wax spray.
Table 7 wax spray engineer testing Treatment Design
The interpretation of result of table 8 wax spray engineer testing
Five, package materials selection research
1, package materials selection
Inner packing adopts two kinds of forms, the first bag film individual packing; The second is the large packing of film in case.
External packing: according to the storage packing of NY/T1189-2006 < < navel orange storage > >, plastic box and weedtree case storage packing are carried out to optimum selecting.
2, test design method and interpretation of result
The present invention designs altogether 4 tests and processes (referring to table 9), and fruit leaves in plastic box or weedtree case, need spread one deck newspaper in lowermost layer, because newspaper can absorb excessive moisture when moisture is too high, when dry, discharges moisture content, has the function that regulates humidity.Each test is processed 500 kilograms and is deposited processing.
As known from Table 10, film individual packing, weedtree case storage combination storage navel orange preserving effect is best.Bag film can reduce moisture evaporation, keeps fruit aquatic foods firmly and prevents that the mutual disease of fruit infects, and improves well really rate; The 2nd, adopt weedtree case (because can kill harmful microorganism in stifling, can in storage, not cause that fruit infects, and can not affect the volatilization of weedtree self fragranced, fragranced has certain effect to the preservation and freshness tool of fruit) storage, wooden case has the effect of adjusting ambient, when moisture is higher, absorb excessive moisture, when dry, discharge, and wooden case flintiness is high, can superelevation piling, improve quantity in stock, and not fragile, reduce cost.
Table 9 packaging material test Treatment Design
Table 10 packaging material test result analysis
Six, storage method is selected
The mode of the extensive storage of current domestic navel orange mainly contains two kinds, respectively Storage in cold bank and the storage of improvement ventilation storehouse, these two kinds of storage method the present invention pass through screening, and inventor observes and exploratory development by experiment, optimize improvement ventilation storehouse storage method.
Table 11 storage method test Treatment Design
Table 12 storage method result of the test
embodiment 2. use the inventive method are preserved navel orange
1, processing technology routine
Adopt the unit piling → improvement ventilation storehouse storage → outbound of front management → gather → primary election → sterilization (in buck, temperature is cleaned) → dewatering surface (hairbrush brushing) → immersion fresh-keeping liquid → air-dry → wax spray → air-dry → information-based multifactor sorting → single fruit bagging → weedtree case dress fruit
2, technological operation step
2.1 by the Navel Orange Fruits that newly buying is returned through removing sick wormed fruit wherein, malformed fruit, fruitlet etc., and classification is deposited rear stand-by.
2.2 exempt from warm pretreatment-sterilization in sweating formula (in buck, temperature is cleaned)
Adopt the ClO that concentration is 150ppm
2the aqueous solution carries out cleaning and sterilizing as cleaning disinfection liquid to navel orange, and water temperature is 30 ℃～35 ℃, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
2.3 anti-corrosive fresh-keeping immersion treatment are also air-dry
With pig hair palm brush, brush away the moisture content of fruit surface, 30 revs/min of rotating speeds, then can frustrate mouldly with the mixed fresh anti-corrosion solution being combined into of volume 1:1 with wearing with hundred of 2000 times of dilutions, and soak fresh-keeping liquid 1min, after immersion, dry.
2.4 wax sprays are also air-dry
By volumetric concentration, be the 1:4 Wei Bao-P fruit wax liquid ratio of warm water (Wei Bao-P fruit wax with), spraying temperature is 40 ℃, wax liquid 30s drying time, then adopt duct type exchange heating.
2.5 sortings, packing
Adopt citrus photometric sorting production line, according to the program of setting, with key elements such as weight, color and luster, diameter, volumes (fruit shape), fruit is carried out to classification.Adopt bag film single fruit bagging to carry out inner packing the good navel orange fruit of classification, and then through the good fruit of bagging, pack classification the weedtree case dress basket of lowermost layer paving one deck newspaper into, technological requirement is routinely transferred to storage in storage.
2.6, storage
Adopt the improvement ventilation storehouse storage of prior art, 5 ℃～8 ℃ of temperature, Co
2han Liang≤3%.Navel Orange Fruits storage 120 days, good fruit rate is 96.6%; Storage to 150 day, good fruit rate reaches 95.2%; Storage to 170 day, good fruit rate reaches 94.8%; Can keep air freshness in the body of storehouse.Through the navel orange of said method storage, preserve product through censorship, its testing result is as follows:
The navel orange of the method storage of table 13 embodiment 2 is in the testing result of different storage & fresh-keeping periods
embodiment 3. use the inventive method are preserved navel orange
1, processing technology routine
Adopt front management → gather → primary election → sterilization (in buck, temperature is cleaned) → dewatering surface (hairbrush brushing) → constant temperature and soak the unit piling → improvement ventilation storehouse storage → outbound of fresh-keeping liquid → air-dry → wax spray → air-dry → information-based multifactor sorting → single fruit bagging → weedtree case dress fruit
2, technological operation step
2.1 batches of harvestings
2.1.1 fruit is forbidden in 12～15 days pouring water and applying fertilizer before gathering, and plucks and within first 7 days, adopts the thiophanate methyl of 800 times 50% to spray (Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan's production).
2.1.2 fruit is in 80% painted and not deliquescing time-division 3 batches of harvestings, and Softening is for first adopting the fruit outside tree crown, after adopt the fruit in tree crown; First adopt tree crown bottom fruit, after adopt the fruit on tree crown top.Attention: as heavy rain, and pluck afterwards for 4～5 days while gathering.The suitableeest gathering after fine day dew is dry.Before gathering, operating personnel will cut flat nail, during harvesting, also will put on one's gloves.Picking fruit guarantees that light pruning puts down gently, with specialty fruit, cuts, and adopts two to cut method, and first cuts apart from more than base of fruit 1cm locating to cut off, and second cuts flat sepal cuts flat.
2.1.3 according to the fruit of different cultivars and grade, divide and adopt, packing, partite transport, minute put.
2.1.4 with plastics fruit case Turnover Box, size is advisable with 20～25 kilograms of dress navel oranges.
2.1.5 note: the Navel Orange Fruits that new buying is returned is through removing sick wormed fruit wherein, malformed fruit, fruitlet etc., and after classification deposits, also carry out follow-up treatment step and also can reach suitable effect.
2.2 exempt from warm pretreatment-sterilization in sweating formula (in buck, temperature is cleaned)
Adopt the ClO that concentration is 150ppm
2cleaning disinfection liquid carries out cleaning and sterilizing to navel orange, and water temperature is 30 ℃～35 ℃, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
2.3 anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment are also air-dry
With pig hair palm brush, brush away the moisture content of fruit surface, 30 revs/min of rotating speeds, use 40% hundred can obtain 22.2% of 500 times of biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate wettable powders and dilutions and wear and frustrate the anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid that mould missible oil is combined into volume 1:1 by 1000 times of dilutions, 35 ℃ of constant temperature soak fresh-keeping liquid 1min again.Adopt the air-dry Navel Orange Fruits of duct type exchange heating, air-dry temperature is controlled between 35 ℃～45 ℃, 15～30 seconds time.
2.4 wax sprays are also air-dry
By the volume ratio of Wei Bao-P fruit wax and warm water, be 1:4 Wei Bao-P fruit wax liquid, spraying temperature is 40 ℃, wax liquid 30s drying time, then adopt duct type exchange heating.
2.5 sortings, packing
Adopt citrus photometric sorting production line, according to the program of setting, with key elements such as weight, color and luster, diameter, volumes (fruit shape), fruit is carried out to classification.Adopt bag film single fruit bagging to carry out inner packing the good navel orange fruit of classification, and then through the good fruit of bagging, pack classification the weedtree case dress basket of lowermost layer paving one deck newspaper into, technological requirement is routinely transferred to storage in storage.
2.6, storage
Adopt the improvement ventilation storehouse storage of prior art, 5 ℃～8 ℃ of temperature, Co
2han Liang≤3%.Navel Orange Fruits storage 120 days, good fruit rate is 96.5%; Storage to 150 day, good fruit rate reaches 95.4%; Storage to 172 day, good fruit rate reaches 94.6%; Can keep air freshness in the body of storehouse.Through the navel orange of said method storage, preserve product through censorship, its testing result is as follows:
The navel orange of the method storage of table 14 embodiment 3 is in the testing result of different storage & fresh-keeping periods
Claims (10)
1. a navel orange method for storing and refreshing, is characterized in that, the method comprises exempts from warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula, described in exempt from warm pretreatment in sweating formula and select ClO
2the aqueous solution or the NaOCl aqueous solution are that cleaning and sterilizing is carried out in cleaning and sterilizing agent, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 1～5min, and the temperature of the aqueous solution is 30 ℃～35 ℃.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 100～200ppm.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 150ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration of the described NaOCl aqueous solution is 3000ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
5. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that, also comprise fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment step, this step is: by navel orange be put in by 1000 times of dilutions 40% hundred can with 22.2% wear and frustrate in the mould anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid forming with volume 1:1 32 ℃～38 ℃ constant temperature immersion 1min of 500 times of dilutions.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature that described constant temperature soaks is 35 ℃.
7. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: in order
(1) adopt the arbitrary described warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula of exempting from of claim 5 or 6 to carry out pretreatment;
(2) remove the moisture content of fruit surface, adopt fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment step process described in claim 5 or 6 air-dry;
(3) Wei Bao-P fruit wax liquid that Wei Bao for spray-P fruit wax and warm water volume ratio are 1:4, dry wax liquid 30s, more air-dry;
(4) graduation inner packing, reinstalls weedtree case;
(5) storage.
8. navel orange is exempted from warm preprocess method in sweating formula, it is characterized in that, the method is selected ClO
2the aqueous solution or the NaOCl aqueous solution are that cleaning and sterilizing is carried out in cleaning and sterilizing agent, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 1～5min, and the temperature of solution is 30 ℃～35 ℃.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 100～200ppm; Or the concentration of the described NaOCl aqueous solution is 3000ppm, the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 150ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
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