CN103583678B - Storage and fresh-keeping method for navel oranges - Google Patents
Storage and fresh-keeping method for navel oranges Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a storage and fresh-keeping method for navel oranges. The method includes sweating-free medium temperature pretreatment, antiseptic and fresh-keeping constant temperature treatment and storage by a negative pressure forced exhaust ventilation temperature control warehouse. In the sweating-free medium temperature pretreatment, a ClO2 water solution or NaOCl water solution is selected as a cleaning disinfectant to perform cleaning and disinfection for 1-5min, and the solution temperature is at 30DEG C-35DEG C. For antiseptic and fresh-keeping constant temperature soaking, navel oranges are soaked at a constant temperature of 32-38DEG C for 1min in an antiseptic and fresh-keeping composite solution composed of 40% Bellkute diluted by 1000 times and 22.2% imazalil diluted by 500 times in a volume ratio of 1:1. The negative pressure forced exhaust ventilation temperature control warehouse adopts a miscellaneous tree box for storage and ultra-high groined stacking, the bottom of the warehouse is provided with a forced air inlet, and the top of the warehouse is provided with a forced air outlet, and the warehouse is equipped with a temperature-humidity monitor and a CO2 monitor. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of low cost and good benefits, and provides favorable approaches for prolonging the fresh fruit supply period, realizing year-round supply of navel oranges and off-peak appearance on the market, and promoting the market competitiveness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, relate to navel orange storage technique, be specifically related to a kind of navel orange method for storing and refreshing.
Background technology
At present, world's tangerine mandarin orange total output 1.1 hundred million tons, that wherein consumes with fresh fruit accounts for 6,000 ten thousand tons, its navel orange 1,800 ten thousand tons.2006, China's navel orange about 3,500,000 tons, but China's navel orange commercial treatment is less than 30%, 1% of navel orange export shortfall output.In recent years, greatly develop the support of navel orange industrial policy in country under, navel orange area, fruit output increase rapidly.But navel orange market is typical seasonality eats consumption raw, the listing phase is too concentrated, and large area main breed is single, and navel orange major consumers season is February in October to next year, and be mainly the import navel orange of high price other months, consumption figure is little.According to Ministry of Agriculture's prediction, there is larger market has openings, have impact on the equilibrium supply in market, reduce the economic benefit of navel orange industry in the year two thousand twenty China navel orange demand about 2,500 ten thousand t, and China's navel orange production capacity only 2,100 ten thousand t when the time comes.If the main listing phase of domestic navel orange can be extended to July, just can increase by the consumption figure of more than 50% in a short time.In addition, along with improving constantly of people's living standard, just there is obvious change in fruit consumption: seller's market transfers buyer's market to, scalar type consumption transfers mass type consumption to; More and more higher to the requirement of commercialized degree, namely require that the outward appearance of fruit and endoplasm are all excellent, pollution-free, fresh, neat, and delicately packed.Therefore, researching and developing energetically and promoting the use of navel orange commercial treatment and new fresh keeping technique is extend the fresh fruit supply phase, realizes the year-round supply of navel orange, the listing and promote market competitiveness institute problem demanding prompt solution of avoiding the peak hour.
Summary of the invention
According to demand and the deficiency in above-mentioned field, the invention provides a kind of navel orange method for storing and refreshing, the inventive method cost is low, profitable, be extend the fresh fruit supply phase, realize the year-round supply of navel orange, avoid the peak hour listing and promote the market competitiveness beneficial way is provided.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of navel orange method for storing and refreshing, it is characterized in that, the method comprises exempts from warm pretreatment in sweating formula, anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment and the storage of employing negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse;
Describedly exempt from warm pretreatment in sweating formula and select ClO
2the aqueous solution or the NaOCl aqueous solution are that cleaning and sterilizing is carried out in cleaning and sterilizing agent, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 1 ~ 5min, and the temperature of the aqueous solution is 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C;
Described anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature soaks can frustrate 32 ~ 38 DEG C of constant temperature immersion 1min in mould anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid form with volume ratio 1:1 with wearing of 22.2% of dilution 500 times for being put in by navel orange by 40% of dilution 1000 times hundred;
Described negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse is deposited for adopting weedtree case, and superelevation groined type piling, storehouse has forced air inlet mouth, is provided with pressure exhaust outlet.The design of this height piling and air inlet and exhaust outlet can make full use of the space of storage, increases fruit storage amount, and can self-assembling formation stack effect.
Described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 100 ~ 200ppm.
Described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 150ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
The concentration of the described NaOCl aqueous solution is 3000ppm, and the described cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
The temperature that described constant temperature soaks is 35 DEG C.
The height of described superelevation groined type piling is 10 ~ 15 meters, and storehouse is provided with warm and humid monitor and CO
2monitor.
Described negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse under optional cool condition, its temperature-controllable within 18 DEG C, CO
2han Liang≤2%.
Said method comprises the steps: in order
(1) warm pretreatment in sweating formula is exempted from employing;
(2) anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment air-dry is adopted;
(3) spray Wei Bao-P fruit wax and warm water volume ratio are the Wei Bao-P fruit wax liquid of 1:4, wax spray, dry wax liquid, more air-dry;
(4) graduation inner packing, reinstalls weedtree case;
(5) storage of negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse is adopted.
A kind of negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse, it is characterized in that, described negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse is for depositing for employing weedtree case, superelevation groined type piling, this superelevation groined type piling original text 10-15 rice, storehouse has forced air inlet mouth, is provided with pressure exhaust outlet, and storehouse is provided with warm and humid monitor and CO
2monitor.Described negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse under optional cool condition, its temperature-controllable within 18 DEG C, CO
2han Liang≤2%.
The general principle of Navel Orange Fruits preservation and freshness
Navel Orange Fruits is an organism having vital movement, after gathering, the moisture of fruit and nutrient constantly lose and consume, and the resistivity of the fruit after simultaneously adopting to microorganism weakens widely, and this is just to the machine that infection process is convenient, once bacteria infection, often accelerate fruit rot and go bad.
Navel Orange Fruits, at duration of storage, has the hydrolysis of obvious respiration and inclusion.Respiration by nutrient in fruit (sugared, sour etc.) by means of the oxygen in air, be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, simultaneously by hydrolysis by some water-fast substance decomposition, be oxidized and consume, the color and luster of fruit, local flavor, quality and nutritive value and physiological situation are all constantly changed, and namely fruit experiences an aging course, breathe and increase, consume and strengthen, old and feeble acceleration, shelf-life shortens.
Be used as the Navel Orange Fruits of storage; gathering, pack, in transportation and sales process; the healthy power of fruit will be safeguarded as far as possible; do not make its normal activities be invaded and harassed, and do one's utmost to prevent germ from encroaching on, also want applied science method; reduce respiratory intensity; the consumption of fruit and aging course are delayed, thus protection fine quality, extend shelf-life.
The length of Navel Orange Fruits shelf-life is by various factors, and internal factor has: fruit maturity, fruit structure, fruit inclusion matter (sugar-acid ratio etc.).External factor has: disease and pest, mechanical wounding, storage environment (temperature, humidity, gas component).Thus external cause works often through interior.Can internal and external factor be grasped, very important to storage success or not.
The Fresh Keeping Mechanics@of the inventive method is: by suppressing the metabolic activity of fruit, play the aging of delayed fruit, postpones the formation of base of fruit absciss layer, makes base of fruit keep dark green fresh and do not come off, thus prevents from hindering pathogenic infection because base of fruit comes off to cause and rotting.
Initiate and exempt from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula
Navel Orange Fruits from tree adopt back after, with many germs and dirt on pericarp, easy infection morbidity, therefore need disinfection.Fruit under just having adopted is still the organism keeping vital movement, and body temperature is higher, and field heat is comparatively large, if store cooling in advance not in time, will aggravate the respiration of fruit, causes rotten the increasing the weight of that go rotten of duration of storage.Therefore, pretreatment (or cooling sweating process) is all carried out in domestic existing navel orange storage after disinfectant fresh-keeping process, and the general time is about 2-8 days; but find in large-scale production, during pre-processing, fruit surface easily feels like jelly; in rear term storage, the fruit proportion of goods damageds are higher.
The present invention is the ClO adopting 100 ~ 200ppm at home and abroad first
2when water temperature 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula (eliminate navel orange and generally need pretreatment in 2 ~ 8 days (" sweating ") operation) exempted from by the navel orange of cleaning and sterilizing 1 ~ 5min, relieve the agricultural chemicals of fruit surface remnants, microorganism, accelerate the healing of the fine wound of fruit surface, and form sour environment at fruit real surface, in rear term storage, reduce fruit infringement by disease in storage, waste water harmless discharge, reduces the pollution to environment simultaneously.Cleaning and sterilizing water temperature outline works as degree/day higher than fruit picking, (chief reason is for fruit builds a temperature maintained an equal level mutually with tree body to be generally 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, can not Yin Wendu strong variations and cause the change of the material of fruit), the temperature of thimerosal is 30 ~ 35 DEG C and cleaning and sterilizing time is that 3min effect is better.
Fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature soaks technology, achieves the repetition controllability of technique and the uniformity of effect
The inventive method is created constant temperature at home and abroad and is soaked (32 ~ 38 DEG C of constant temperature immersion 1min, wherein 35 DEG C of constant temperature to soak 1min effects best) (40,%00 can obtain 1000 times+22.2% wears and frustrates mould 500 times anti-corrosive fresh-keeping composite solution, volume ratio is 1:1) treatment technology, solve variations in temperature in domestic soak at room temperature technique and cause greatly the problem such as corrosion-resistanting fresh-keeping effect inhomogeneity and the effective controlling difference of technique, achieve the effectively controlled of technology, and maximally can play the activity of medicine and create the environment of a relative equilibrium for preserving fruit, improve storage property and the healthy fruit of fruit.
Independent research negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storage technique
The present invention by integrated employing through stifling weedtree wooden case dress really, superelevation groined type piling can make full use of the space of storage, increase fruit storage amount, self-assembling formation stack effect, storehouse has forced air inlet mouth, is provided with pressure exhaust outlet, utilizes stack effect, product and concentration are breathed in effective control, naturally realize negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse.Storehouse is also provided with warm and humid monitor and CO
2monitor, by temperature and CO
2monitor carries out temperature and CO to negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse
2monitoring.Duration of storage, under optional cool condition, its temperature-controllable within 18 DEG C, CO
2han Liang≤2%.Each case fruit of storage has respiration heat, when temperature is too high, owing to being groined type superelevation piling, define stack effect, heat can be forced to discharge from upper exhaust outlet, forces suction fresh air from lower air inlet, keep negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control warehouse temperature and air freshness, reduce CO
2to the harm of storage fruit; When the temperature is too low, pressure is adopted to heat, to keep suitable reserve temperature.Dress fruit tree case lowermost layer spreads one deck newspaper, because wooden case, the newspaper Absorbable rod excessive moisture when moisture is too high, discharges moisture content when drying, has the function regulating humidity.
Negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse small investment, energy consumption is low, there are energy-conserving and environment-protective, effectively control the feature of pernicious gas in storage, the simple and easy Preserving method such as solve the trench storage of domestic use, Jing Zang, store sth. in a cellar can not manual control reserve temperature, the temperature in storage place changes the storage period caused with the replacement in season and ambient temperature change short, the problems such as storage effect difference; Solving cold storing and fresh-keeping makes again temperature control preserve air exchange and invest the problems such as large.
Navel orange is very responsive to carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide content increases, and base of fruit can be caused to dry up, and in storage environment, ethene, ethanol content raising can promote Fruit anatomy.So, should be noted ventilation especially in navel orange storage.Adopt negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse storage effect best, and there is the generation of pernicious gas in energy-conserving and environment-protective, effectively control storage, keep air freshness in storehouse.
To exempt from sweating formula warm pre-treatment step and anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment step and adopt negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse to preserve to combine, each composition condition element between it acts synergistically, and effect reaches best.
Navel orange commercialized treatment after adopting mainly comprises the flow chart such as fruit picking in batches, choosing fruit, cleaning, waxing, classification, labeling, packaging, storing.Navel orange through commercialized treatment after adopting not only improves its presentation quality.Eliminate the dust of navel orange epidermis, impurity and pesticide residue, moisture evaporation can also be reduced through cleaning waxing.Prevent pathogen contamination, alleviate the respiratory intensity of fruit, delay senility, suppress to rot, extend the shelf life of navel orange and edible life-span.
The present invention exempts from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula, anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion technology, multifactor integrated sorting technology by Integrated predict model, breach the limitation of navel orange tradition commercialized treatment after adopting and storage technique, have and remove field heat, exempt from sweating formula, information-based multifactor sorting, energy-conserving and environment-protective, effectively control the features such as the pernicious gas that produces in storage, achieve whole-course automation, intellectuality simultaneously.Processing speed reaches 40 Dun ∕ hour, and accuracy reaches 95%, and the navel orange preserving phase can reach 178 days, and healthy fruit reaches 94.1%.
Through adopting the navel orange of the inventive method process, the aspects such as the fruit colour in same packaging, size, single fruit weight, quality reach consistent substantially, so not only significantly increase the aesthetic measure of navel orange, improve the quality of tangerine mandarin orange, but be also convenient to transport and the storage of navel orange.Products export to more than 20 countries and regions such as Russia, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Hongkong and Macro, and has standing order cooperation system with large-scale international flow of goods company, achieves good economic benefit and social benefit.
Navel orange method for storing and refreshing of the present invention is also applicable to the preservation and freshness of oranges and tangerines and other fruits.
The indices that the inventive method completes
Table 1 indices performance of the present invention table
The inventive method is adopted to have following beneficial effect:
1, the navel orange preserving phase can reach more than 178 days, healthy fruit >=94.1%, Gu acid is than >=9.0;
2, screening installation is improved, multifactor integrated sorting accuracy >=95%;
3, sum up and exempt from sweating formula commercial treatment after navel orange is adopted and storage technique operational procedure is a set of;
4, product meets NY/T 1189-2006 " orange storing " requirement;
5, set up whole-course automation, intelligentized navel orange commercial treatment production line one, processing speed reaches 40 tons/hour;
6, reduce production cost, improve the production cost of navel orange production-distribution chain.
Detailed description of the invention
Following embodiment is provided to be to understand the present invention further better; be not limited to described embodiment; content of the present invention and protection domain are not construed as limiting; anyone is under enlightenment of the present invention or any and the present invention the present invention being carried out combining with the feature of other prior aries and draw is identical or akin product, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Unreceipted specific experiment step or condition person in embodiment, can carry out according to the operation of the normal experiment step described by the document in this area or condition.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, being can by the conventional reagent product of commercial acquisition.
reagent source:
Biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate has another name called hundred and can obtain: manufacturing enterprise is Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan; Formulation is wettable powder; Active constituent content is 40%;
Wear frustrate mould: manufacturer: Xian Nong Co., Ltd of the U.S.; Formulation: missible oil; Active ingredient: imazalil; Effective content is 22.2%.
embodiment 1. the inventive method conditional filtering
One, monitoring management technology screening is plucked
Gathering of fruit is an important step in management, is fruit storage transport, first the closing of commercial treatment.The good ring of harvesting technique and transport control directly to affect result of management, gather and transport improper, damaging fruit quality, cause fruit rot.Therefore, the harvesting batch affecting fruit quality is studied, and in conjunction with production practices, has summed up harvesting monitoring management technology.
1, batch experiment is plucked
Different according to illumination, fruit color degree, consider in conjunction with the factor such as artificial, the present invention establishes two to pluck process test, refers to table 2.
Table 2 plucks batch Selection experiment and interpretation of result
As known from Table 2, adopt point 3 batches of harvesting navel oranges, fruit color and mouthfeel quality are all better.
2, monitoring management technology is plucked
(1) Navel Orange Fruits for preservation and freshness can adopt the thiophanate methyl of 800 times 50% to spray (Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan's production) for first 7 days in harvesting, the generation of fungal disease can be prevented well, and fruit is forbidden in 12 ~ 15 days pouring water and applying fertilizer before gathering, otherwise easily produce dehiscent fruit and affect quality and storage period.
(2) fruit divides 3 batches of harvestings, should gather when 80% painted and non-deliquescing, too early, spends evening and all can affect quality and storage period.To accomplish when gathering first to adopt the fruit outside tree crown, after adopt fruit in tree crown; First adopt tree crown bottom fruit, after adopt the fruit on tree crown top.As heavy rain when gathering, after 4 ~ 5 days and plucked.Fine day dew is the suitableeest after doing gathers.Before gathering, operating personnel will cut flat nail, also will put on one's gloves during harvesting.Picking fruit must be put down gently by light pruning, forbids haling and firmly pulls, and prevents from spraining or draw the pine nut base of a fruit.Must cut with specialty fruit during harvesting, adopt and two cut method, first cuts and is cutting off apart from the above place of base of fruit 1cm, second cuts flat sepal cuts flat, in order to avoid pericarp mechanical trauma, affects fresh preservation, namely can not make that carpopodium is too short injures sepal, can not make again that carpopodium is long stabs other fruit.
(3) when plucking, the fruit of different cultivars and grade will divide exploitation, separately dress, separately fortune, separately deposit.
(4) fruit case should use plastic box, and size is advisable to fill navel orange 20 ~ 25 kilograms.
Two, warm preconditioning technique research in sweating formula is exempted from
1, agent
NaCl(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Salt Company); ClO
2(Hualongxingyu Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing); NaOCl(Chengdu Ke Long chemical reagent factory)
2, test design method and interpretation of result
The selection of disinfectant, requires to select according to wide spectrum, efficient, low-residual, waste water non-pollution discharge etc. from " food disinfectant (composition) list (2009) year version ".Select NaCl, ClO
2, NaOCl as cleaning and sterilizing agent, adopt variable concentrations and different temperatures and different cleaning and sterilizing time-triggered protocol, carrying out Bacteria Culture to processed navel orange, is judge content with total plate count, sums up and exempts from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula.
The cleaning and sterilizing time is set to 1 ~ 5min, because find in lab scale, and cleaning and sterilizing overlong time, navel orange superficial cell wall can suck cleaning disinfection liquid; Too short, do not reach the object of cleaning and sterilizing; Water temperature works as degree/day a little more than fruit picking, is generally 30 DEG C ~ about 35 DEG C, its chief reason one be for fruit build one with the tree body relative temperature maintained an equal level, can not Yin Wendu strong variations and cause the change of the inherent material of fruit; Two is that action effect is best because chlorine dioxide uses between temperature 26 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C.
The present invention establishes 15 to test process (referring to table 3) altogether, and each test cleaning and sterilizing process 100 fruits, randomly draw 10 navel oranges and do scraping epidermis bacterium culture test.
As can be seen from Table 3, the bactericidal effect of tested number 8,10,11 is best, but considers dosage and cost, and ClO
2be the optimal renewal product of chlorine system disinfectant of generally acknowledging in the world, there is anticorrosion, anti-mildew, the function such as fresh-keeping.Therefore, exempting from warm preconditioning technique in sweating formula is employing ClO
2150ppm, the cleaning and sterilizing time 3min best results when water temperature 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C.
Table 3 exempts from warm preconditioning technique test Treatment Design and result in sweating formula
Three, anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid test
1, agent
40%00 can obtain biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate wettable powder (Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan's production); 22.2% wears and frustrates mould missible oil (production of Xian Nong company of the U.S.).
2, test design method and interpretation of result
Inventor adopts 40,%00 can obtain after biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate wettable powder, 22.2% wears and frustrate the different diluted concentrations of anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid and the process of different constant temperature processing time that mould missible oil is combined into, with the decayed fruit rate after putting in storage to determine the preferred compositions of anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid and thermostat temperature.
In the fresh-keeping complex liquid prepared in this test, hundred can frustrate mould volume ratio and are 1:1 with wearing.
The present invention designs 9 tests process (referring to table 4) altogether, on November 10th, 2009 plucks fruit, when Nikkei cleaning, sterilization, preserve after 32 ~ 38 DEG C of constant temperature soak anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid 1min, waxing, individual packing, each test process 400 fruits, randomly draw 200 fruits and do storage test.
As can be seen from Table 5, the treatment effect of tested number 4 is best, and decayed fruit rate only has 1%, namely 40,%00 can obtain 1000 times+22.2% and wears and frustrate mould 500 times of+35 DEG C of constant temperature and soak fresh-keeping liquid 1min.In follow-up embodiment, when the present invention soaks anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid, adopt 35 DEG C of constant temperature infusion methods, its objective is in order to the environment of a fruit relative equilibrium, the change of Yin Wendu can not cause the change of the inherent material of fruit, and the activity of medicine can be made to fully demonstrate; Inventor finds that in R&D process constant temperature soaking temperature floats or lowering 3 DEG C also can reach suitable effect, and namely 32 ~ 38 DEG C of temperature ranges all can reach same effect.
Table 4 anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid experimental design
Table 5 preserve test result statistical form
Four, wax spray technical study
1, fruit wax concentration is selected
(1) agent
The present invention selects Wei Bao-P fruit wax, because its natural brightness is lasting, low viscosity, highly-breathable and quick-drying, meets European & American Market standard, so select Wei Bao-P fruit wax.
(2) test design method and interpretation of result
According to lab scale, fruit wax concentration 1:2 overrich, close severe, rot more; Concentration 1:5 is too rare again, and Navel Orange Fruits color and luster is poor.And concentration 1:3 is suitable with 1:4 effect, therefore the present invention designs 2 tests process (referring to table 6) altogether, and each test process 400 fruits, randomly draw 200 fruits and do storage test.The results are shown in Table 6, concentration 1:3 preserves 120 days healthy fruit and is only 90.67%, and when concentration is 1:4, preserving 120 days healthy fruit is 94.77%, and color and luster is better, so in scale storage, select the concentration of 1:4.
Note: the ratio in this technique is the ratio of fruit wax and the volume of warm water.
Table 6 fruit wax concentration Selection experiment and interpretation of result
2, wax spray technical study
Selecting wax liquid to have temperature, is in order to the spraying of wax liquid is more even, high with pericarp degree of agreement, prevents coming off at wax layer cold season, affects storage property and the gloss of fruit.
The present invention designs 4 tests process (referring to table 7) altogether, and each test process 200 fruits, organize 5 technical staff to carry out sensory evaluation, then observation is deposited in combination, carries out comprehensive judgement, to determine the optimised process of wax spray.
As known from Table 8, process No. 1 effect best, therefore wax liquid concentration 1:4+ temperature 40 DEG C+wax liquid 30s drying time is the optimised process of wax spray.
Table 7 wax spray engineer testing Treatment Design
The interpretation of result of table 8 wax spray engineer testing
Five, package materials selection research
1, package materials selection
Inner packing adopts two kinds of forms, the first bag film individual packing; The second is the large packaging of film in case.
External packing: the storage according to NY/T 1189-2006 " navel orange storage " is packed, carries out optimum selecting to plastic box and weedtree case storage packaging.
2, test design method and interpretation of result
The present invention designs 4 tests process (referring to table 9) altogether, and fruit leaves in plastic box or weedtree case, need spread one deck newspaper in lowermost layer, because newspaper Absorbable rod excessive moisture when moisture is too high, discharges moisture content when drying, has the function regulating humidity.Each test process 500 kilograms is carried out depositing process.
As known from Table 10, film individual packing, weedtree case storage combination storage navel orange preserving effect is best.Bag film can reduce moisture evaporation, keeps fruit fresh hard and prevent the mutual disease of fruit to infect, improves healthy fruit; Two is adopt weedtree case (because can kill harmful microorganism in stifling, will in storage, cause fruit to infect, and can not affect the volatilization of weedtree self fragranced, the preservation and freshness tool of fragranced to fruit has certain effect) storage, wooden case has the effect of adjusting ambient, absorb excessive moisture when moisture is higher, release time dry, and wooden case flintiness is high, can superelevation piling, improve quantity in stock, and not fragile, reduce cost.
Table 9 packaging material test Treatment Design
Table 10 packaging material test result analysis
Six, storage method is selected
The mode that current domestic navel orange is preserved on a large scale mainly contains two kinds, Storage in cold bank and the storage of improvement ventilation storehouse respectively, these two kinds of storage methods all use, inventor show that employing negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse storage effect is better in practice, the present invention does three storage method tests altogether and screens, the aforesaid treatment step of the fruit used of screening is all adopt the step of the routine of prior art to process, and the selection result refers to table 11.
As known from Table 12, adopt negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse storage effect best, and there are energy-conserving and environment-protective, (navel orange is responsive to carbon dioxide effectively to control the generation of pernicious gas in storage, carbon dioxide content increases, base of fruit can be caused to dry up, and in storage environment, ethene, ethanol content raising can promote Fruit anatomy.So, should be noted ventilation in navel orange storage), keep air freshness in storehouse.
Table 11 storage method test Treatment Design
Table 12 storage method result of the test
embodiment 2. preserves navel orange by the inventive method
1, processing technology routine
Adopt front management → → primary election → sterilization of gathering (in buck temperature cleaning) → dewatering surface (hairbrush brushing) → constant temperature and soak fresh-keeping liquid → air-dry → wax spray → air-dry → information-based multifactor sorting → single fruit bagging → weedtree case dress fruit unit piling → negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse storage → outbound
2, technological operation step
2.1 batches of harvestings
2.1.1 fruit is forbidden in 12 ~ 15 days pouring water and applying fertilizer before gathering, and plucks and within first 7 days, adopts the thiophanate methyl of 800 times 50% to spray (Tso Tat Co., Ltd., Japan's production).
2.1.2 fruit is in 80% painted and harvesting of non-deliquescing time-division 3 batches, and Softening is the fruit first adopted outside tree crown, after adopt fruit in tree crown; First adopt tree crown bottom fruit, after adopt the fruit on tree crown top.(note: as heavy rain when gathering, after 4 ~ 5 days and pluck.Fine day dew is the suitableeest after doing gathers.) gather before, operating personnel will cut flat nail, also will put on one's gloves during harvesting.Picking fruit ensures that light pruning is put down gently, cuts, adopt and two cut method with specialty fruit, and first cuts and cutting off apart from the above place of base of fruit 1cm, and second cuts flat sepal cuts flat.
2.1.3 divide according to the fruit of different cultivars and grade and adopt, packing, partite transport, point to put.
2.1.4 with plastics fruit case Turnover Box, size is advisable to fill navel orange 20 ~ 25 kilograms.
Attention: the Navel Orange Fruits that new buying is returned through removing sick wormed fruit, malformed fruit, fruitlet etc. wherein, and after classification deposits, carries out the effect that follow-up treatment step can reach suitable.
2.2 exempt from warm pretreatment-sterilization in sweating formula (in buck temperature cleaning)
Concentration is adopted to be the ClO of 150ppm
2cleaning disinfection liquid carries out cleaning and sterilizing to navel orange, and water temperature is 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, and the cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min.
2.3 anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment are also air-dry
The moisture content of fruit surface is brushed away with pig hair palm brush, rotating speed 30 revs/min, again with by dilution 1000 times 40% hundred can obtain biguanides three octyl benzene sulfonate wettable powder and dilution 500 times 22.2% wear the anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid of frustrating mould missible oil and being combined into volume ratio 1:1,35 DEG C of constant temperature soak fresh-keeping liquid 1min.Adopt duct type to exchange the air-dry Navel Orange Fruits of heating, air-dry temperature controls between 35 DEG C ~ 45 DEG C, 15 ~ 30 seconds time.
2.4 wax sprays are also air-dry
With concentration be 1:4 Wei Bao-P fruit wax, spraying temperature is 40 DEG C, wax liquid 30s drying time, then adopt duct type exchange heating.
2.5 sortings, packaging
Adopt citrus photometric sorting production line, with key elements such as weight, color and luster, diameter, volumes (fruit shape), classification is carried out to fruit according to the program of setting.Adopted by navel orange fruit good for classification bag film single fruit bagging to be wrapped inside dress, and then classification is loaded through the fruit that bagging is good the weedtree case dress basket that lowermost layer spreads one deck newspaper, technological requirement routinely transfers to storage in storage.
2.6, preserve
The present embodiment by integrated employing through stifling weedtree wooden case dress really, superelevation groined type piling 10-15 rice, this highly can make full use of the space of storage, increase fruit storage amount, this highly can from thermosetting stack effect simultaneously, and storehouse has forced air inlet mouth, be provided with pressure exhaust outlet, utilize stack effect, effectively control to breathe product and concentration, naturally realize negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse.Storehouse is also provided with warm and humid monitor and CO
2monitor, by temperature and CO
2monitor carries out temperature and CO to negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse
2monitoring.Duration of storage, under optional cool condition, its temperature-controllable within 18 DEG C, CO
2han Liang≤2%.Navel Orange Fruits preserves 120 days, healthy fruit 96.5%; Storage was by 150 days, and healthy fruit reaches 95.4%; Storage was by 178 days, and healthy fruit reaches 94.1%; Air freshness in the body of storehouse can be kept.Through said method storage navel orange stored product through censorship, its testing result is as follows:
The navel orange of the method storage of table 13 embodiment 3 is in the testing result of different storage & fresh-keeping period
the production cost of embodiment 3. the inventive method process navel orange and Economic and Efficiency Analysis
1, production cost
Table 14 per kilogram finished product production cost
2, economic benefit
Estimation illustrates: 2011, within 2012, be total to commercial treatment navel orange 10000 tons (its middle outlet 153.696 tons), agricultural byproducts exempt from Sales Tax, and income tax is carried by 25%; Income from sales is in average price 0.81 ten thousand yuan/ton.
Production cost=6.32 yuan/kilogram × 1000 ÷ 10000 × 10000 tons=63,200,000 yuan
Ten thousand yuan, ten thousand yuan/ton, income from sales=0.81 × 10000 tons=8100
Profit=8100-6320=1780 ten thousand yuan
Income tax=1780 × 25%=445.00 ten thousand yuan
After-tax profit=1780-445=1335.00 ten thousand yuan
In the invention process phase, income from sales reaches 8,100 ten thousand yuan, after-tax profit 1335.00 ten thousand yuan, tax delivery 445.00 ten thousand yuan, exports goods and earns foreign currency 192251.40 dollars.
embodiment 4. the technology of the present invention achievement compares with domestic and international similar technique
(1) technical matters compares
Table 15 the technology of the present invention achievement and domestic and international similar technique process ration
(2) the technology of the present invention achievement and domestic similar technique storage effect and scale contrast
Table 16 the technology of the present invention achievement and domestic similar technique Contrast on effect
| Title | Domestic similar technique | The technology of the present invention achievement |
| Process scale | Mostly be the production line of 20 tons/hour | 40 tons/hour |
| Sorting accuracy | ≥95% | ≥95% |
| Freshness date | 150 days | 178 days |
| Healthy fruit | 93.68% | 94.1% |
Claims (4)
1. a navel orange method for storing and refreshing, comprise the steps: in order to exempt from warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula, anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment, adopt the storage of negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse, it is characterized in that, the method adopts the sweating formula cooling pre-treatment step exempted from warm pre-treatment step in sweating formula and replace routine;
Describedly exempt from warm pretreatment in sweating formula and select ClO
2the aqueous solution, the cleaning and sterilizing time is 3min, and the temperature of the aqueous solution is 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, described ClO
2the concentration of the aqueous solution is 150ppm;
Described anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature soaks can frustrate 32 ~ 38 DEG C of constant temperature immersion 1min in mould anti-corrosive fresh-keeping complex liquid form with volume ratio 1:1 with wearing of 22.2% of dilution 500 times for being put in by navel orange by 40% of dilution 1000 times hundred;
Described negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse is deposited for adopting weedtree case, and superelevation groined type piling, the height of described superelevation groined type piling is 10 ~ 15 meters, and storehouse has forced air inlet mouth, is provided with pressure exhaust outlet.
2. navel orange method for storing and refreshing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature that described constant temperature soaks is 35 DEG C.
3. navel orange method for storing and refreshing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse under optional cool condition, its temperature-controllable within 18 DEG C, CO
2han Liang≤2%.
4. navel orange method for storing and refreshing according to claim 3, is characterized in that, comprise the steps: in order
(1) warm pretreatment in sweating formula is exempted from employing;
(2) anti-corrosive fresh-keeping constant temperature immersion treatment air-dry is adopted;
(3) spray Wei Bao-P fruit wax and warm water volume ratio are the Wei Bao-P fruit wax liquid of 1:4, wax spray, dry wax liquid, more air-dry;
(4) graduation inner packing, reinstalls weedtree case;
(5) storage of negative pressure forced-ventilated ventilation temperature control storehouse is adopted.
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