CN103539507B - Pollen starch culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pollen starch culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103539507B CN103539507B CN201310456229.1A CN201310456229A CN103539507B CN 103539507 B CN103539507 B CN 103539507B CN 201310456229 A CN201310456229 A CN 201310456229A CN 103539507 B CN103539507 B CN 103539507B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of crop breeding, and in particular relates to a pollen starch culture medium and a preparation method thereof. The pollen starch culture medium consists of the following ingredients: potato starch, glucose, potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the pollen starch culture medium can also comprise food colouring and pollen. The invention also proves the preparation method of the pollen starch culture medium, wherein the raw materials are mixed in proportion and then the prepared culture medium is preserved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of pollen starch tobacco substratum and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The famous expert of rice breeding, member of Chinese Academy of Engineering Yuan Longping are first born at the beginning of the end of the year in last century 60 and take the lead in the whole world applying the successful break-through skill difficult problem of male sterible series of rice, realize production application " hybrid rice ".Afterwards, each agronomy in world power application hybrid rice technical know-how, namely select the strong female parent × male parent of combining ability obtain outstanding F1 for the production of, successively obtain significant achievement food crop, cash crop.The middle and later periods nineties in last century, leaf tobacco production big country: the research such as the U.S., Brazil, Zimbabwe also spread tobacco male sterile line F1 generation cross-fertilize seed.
At present, China's year plantation flue-cured tobacco male sterile line F1 generation cross-fertilize seed 530,000 hm
2.Flue-cured tobacco system Solanaceae safflower cigarette platymiscium, flower has a gynoecium, five stamens, self-pollination, when male sterile line F1 reproduction improved variety, it is very limited that male parent stamen produces pollen, therefore during breeding F1 generation seed, need the male parent cigarette strain guarantee female parent knot sufficient seed of planting larger area.If the strain of Parent cigarette, when blooming, runs into a run of wet weather, or flowering asynchronism, hybridize by artificial harvestingization piece, the F1 generation seed obtained is also little.The breeding base of flue-cured tobacco breeding breeding center-Yuxi Zhong Yan tobacco seed limited liability company that China is maximum is former is located at inhabitants of Yuxi City in Yunnan Province, within 2009, move Xishuangbanna to, this measure be exactly utilize that local tropical rainy climate accumulated temperature in winter is high, rainfall is few, good condition winter breeding that rain daytime at night is fine, seminal propagation amount is from past 5kg/667m
2bring up to existing 15kg/667m
2left and right.
In order to can paternal pollen be made full use of, avoid unnecessary waste, 2011, the reports such as Marvin's is wide, Deng Shengbin: before pollination, add appropriate medium as weighting material and are diluted pollen, can save pollen consumption in pollen, reduce seed produces cost, think that with pure water soluble starch or pure glucose be medium, Hua Fen ︰ medium=1 ︰ 0.5 ~ 1.0(w/w, weight ratio) be best.Water soluble starch is a kind of between starch and β-amylose, and through the low degree hydrolysate of Artificial Control degraded, this thing aquation power is stronger, be solubilized at normal temperatures, there is the viscosity of good humidity, vegetable cell is produced without nutritive ingredient, also easily absorb water, not easily preserve.Inbred crops starch is made up of amylose starch and amylopectin two class, and nutrition is very abundant, and starch spiral central cavity can hold crop mineral nutrient element.But yam starch viscosity foot, is unfavorable for pollen to authorize on style in operating process.Pure glucose there is no bad reflection to pollen cell in dry conditions, but when meeting water, high concentration glucose liquid will cause pollen cell liquid reverse osmosis, occur plasmolysis, unfavorable to pollen germination.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Pollen starch culture medium.This Pollen starch culture medium is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: yam starch 87 ~ 89%, glucose 10 ~ 12%, saltpetre 0.1 ~ 0.5%, potassium primary phosphate 0.1 ~ 0.5%.
Preferably, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, also comprises: food dye, and its addition is 0.0001 ~ 0.0002% of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium weight.
Preferably, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, described food dye is carmine, and its addition is 0.0001% of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium weight.
Preferably, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: yam starch 89%, glucose 10.6%, saltpetre 0.2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%, accounts for the famille rose of front four kinds of material gross weights 0.0001%.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of nutrition donor pollen.This nutrition donor pollen is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: pollen 48 ~ 52%, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium 48 ~ 52%.
Preferably, above-mentioned nutrition donor pollen, described pollen is tobacco pollen, paddy pollen or Pollen Maydis.
3rd technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium.The method comprises the following steps:
A, in yam starch, add water, repeatedly embathe, cross 100 orders divide sample mesh screen, extracting screen underflow when washing, allow starch sedimentation, remove clear water, obtain throw out, it is 4 ~ 5wt% that throw out is dried to water content at 35 ~ 40 DEG C, for subsequent use;
B, the glucose that 100 mesh sieves will be crossed, saltpetre, potassium primary phosphate, respectively 50 ~ 60 DEG C dry to water content be 4 ~ 5wt%, for subsequent use;
C, above-mentioned four kinds of materials for subsequent use to be mixed, obtain Pollen starch culture medium.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, adds food dye in Pollen starch culture medium, and mixing, obtains painted Pollen starch culture medium.
4th technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned nutrition donor pollen.The method comprises the following steps:
In above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, add pollen, mixing, obtains nutrition donor pollen.
Preferably, the preparation method of above-mentioned nutrition donor pollen, the method of process pollen comprises the following steps: be placed on by flower pesticide in 200 ~ 230 order mesh screens, insert in air dry oven, keep temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C of drying 1 ~ 3h, take out, pour 60 orders into and divide in sample mesh screen, collect the pollen crossing 60 order sub-sieves, keeping temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C this pollen to be dried to water content is 3 ~ 6wt%.
The present invention has the following advantages: a, substratum provide full nutrition and energy to pollen, improves Pollen Activity; B, pollen cultures base add pollen, are stored in 3 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerators through cryodrying, and pollen ceases breathing and acts on and dormancy, can take at any time, be of value to and avoid adverse environmental factor (wet weather, high temperature etc.), flowering asynchronism, labor stringency etc.; C, add bright-coloured food dye, nutrition donor pollen is made to catch bright-coloured mark look, nutrition donor pollen is invested on maternal flower column cap, bright-coloured mark look is caught by the maternal flower column cap of pollinating, this can be avoided maternal flower column cap to leak pollination, repeat pollination situation, has not only saved pollen, but also has reduced labour intensity.
Embodiment
A kind of Pollen starch culture medium, is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: yam starch 87 ~ 89%, glucose 10 ~ 12%, saltpetre 0.1 ~ 0.5%, potassium primary phosphate 0.1 ~ 0.5%.
Preferably, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, also comprises: food dye, and its addition is 0.0001 ~ 0.0002% of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium weight.
Preferably, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, described food dye is carmine, and its addition is 0.0001% of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium weight.
Preferably, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: yam starch 89%, glucose 10.6%, saltpetre 0.2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%, accounts for the famille rose of front four kinds of material gross weights 0.0001%.
A kind of nutrition donor pollen, is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: pollen 48 ~ 52%, above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium 48 ~ 52%.
Preferably, above-mentioned nutrition donor pollen, described pollen is tobacco pollen, paddy pollen or Pollen Maydis.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, comprises the following steps:
A, in yam starch, add water, repeatedly embathe, cross 100 orders divide sample mesh screen, extracting screen underflow when washing, allow starch sedimentation, remove clear water, obtain throw out, it is 4 ~ 5wt% that throw out is dried to water content at 35 ~ 40 DEG C, for subsequent use;
B, the glucose that 100 mesh sieves will be crossed, saltpetre, potassium primary phosphate, respectively 50 ~ 60 DEG C dry to water content be 4 ~ 5wt%, for subsequent use;
C, above-mentioned four kinds of materials for subsequent use to be mixed, obtain Pollen starch culture medium.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, adds food dye in Pollen starch culture medium, and mixing, obtains painted Pollen starch culture medium.
The preparation method of above-mentioned nutrition donor pollen, in above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium, adds pollen, and mixing, obtains nutrition donor pollen.
Preferably, the preparation method of above-mentioned nutrition donor pollen, described pollen, treatment process comprises the following steps: be placed on by flower pesticide in 200 ~ 230 order mesh screens, insert in air dry oven, keeps temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C of drying 1 ~ 3h, take out, pouring 60 orders into divides in sample mesh screen, collects the pollen crossing 60 order sub-sieves, and keeping temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C this pollen to be dried to water content is 3 ~ 6wt%.
Nutrition donor pollen of the present invention refers to the material giving maternal pollen.
Above-mentioned Pollen starch culture medium prepared by the present invention or nutrition donor pollen, in order to prevent microbial growth, should cryopreservation, optimum 3 ~ 5 DEG C of preservations.
In the Feedstock treating of the inventive method, adopt washing yam starch, be in order to by macromole (the such as Mierocrystalline cellulose etc.) removing in yam starch, improve the purity of starch in yam starch, obtain the satisfactory raw material containing yam starch, a small amount of protein, fat and VITAMIN.Chemical pure yam starch purity is high, but nutrition is more single, pure polysaccharide, i.e. pure carbohydrate, and food potato purity of starch more chemical pure yam starch purity is low, but nutrition is abundanter, so the present invention preferably adopts food potato starch.
Embodiment 1
Prepare basic Pollen starch culture medium: get pretreated yam starch 8.9g, got the glucose 1.06g of 100 mesh sieves, saltpetre 0.02g and potassium primary phosphate 0.02g, respectively in electric drying oven with forced convection 35 DEG C be dried to water content 4wt%, then mix and obtain Pollen starch culture medium 10g, load in brown bottle, be placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerators, stand-by.
Embodiment 2
Prepare painted Pollen starch culture medium: get pretreated yam starch 8.9g, got the glucose 1.06g of 100 mesh sieves, saltpetre 0.02g and potassium primary phosphate 0.02g, respectively in electric drying oven with forced convection 35 DEG C be dried to water content 4wt%, then mix and obtain Pollen starch culture medium 10g, add carmine pigment 0.001mg again, remix evenly obtains painted Pollen starch culture medium, loads in brown bottle, be placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerators, stand-by.
Embodiment 3
Preparation nutrition donor pollen A: get pretreated yam starch 8.9g, got the glucose 1.06g of 100 mesh sieves, saltpetre 0.02g and potassium primary phosphate 0.02g, respectively in electric drying oven with forced convection 35 DEG C be dried to water content 4wt%, then mix, obtain Pollen starch culture medium 10g, then add the carmine 0.001mg of food dye, remix is even, obtain painted Pollen starch culture medium a, load in brown bottle, be placed in 3 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerators stand-by.Field tobacco growth to the flower of bud stage is adopted go back to laboratory, flower pesticide is taken off from stamen filigree, after the flower pesticide taken off reaches some amount, flower pesticide is placed in 200 ~ 230 order mesh screens, mesh screen is inserted in electric drying oven with forced convection together with flower pesticide, keep temperature 25 DEG C of drying 1 ~ 3h(when ambient air relative humidity 50% ~ 60%, dry 2h), after flower pesticide drying, take out in loft drier, pouring 60 orders into divides in sample mesh screen, at a point sample mesh screen underlay a blank sheet of paper (paper surface light requirement is sliding), repeatedly flower pesticide is swiped with hairbrush, and vibrating screen, pollen granule in flower pesticide is all brushed out, and all sieve leaks on the blank sheet of paper of pad.After being concentrated by pollen granule, be contained in culture dish.Put into electric drying oven with forced convection again, it is 5wt% that temperature 25 DEG C is dried to water, takes out the pure pollen b(obtaining needing and is called for short: oven drying method pollen).Load in brown bottle, be placed in 3 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerators stand-by.Afterwards, by weight a is got 50%, b and get 50% and mix and obtain preparation invention nutrition donor pollen A, load in brown bottle, be placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerators, stand-by.
Reference examples 1
Get glucose 5g by weight, by embodiment 3 method, the pure pollen 5g that separation obtains mixes and obtains glucose medium pollen 10g, loads in brown bottle, is placed on 4 DEG C, refrigerator, stand-by.
Reference examples 2
The conventional pollen B of preparation nutrition donor: get pretreated yam starch 8.9g, got the glucose 1.06g of 100 mesh sieves, saltpetre 0.02g and potassium primary phosphate 0.02g, respectively in electric drying oven with forced convection 35 DEG C be dried to water content 4wt%, then mix, obtain Pollen starch culture medium 10g, then add the carmine 0.001mg of food dye, remix is even, obtain painted Pollen starch culture medium a, load in brown bottle, be placed on 4 DEG C, refrigerator stand-by.Flower land for growing field crops paternal plant being grown to bud stage is neatly placed in container takes back laboratory, peel corolla off, the floral organ of remainder is placed in deep bid, the 2d that dries in the air is shone under being placed in the sun, pollen is allowed to produce from flower pesticide, again floral organ whole in deep bid is poured in 200 ~ 230 order sub-sieves, naturally cool to room temperature, sieve sieve, pollen is isolated, obtain pure pollen, and then pure pollen granule is put into electric drying oven with forced convection, water content 5wt% is dried at 25 DEG C, the pure pollen b(obtaining needing is called for short: airing method pollen), load in brown bottle, be placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerators stand-by.Afterwards, by weight a is got 5g, b gets 5g and mixes and obtain the conventional pollen B of preparation nutrition donor, loads in brown bottle, is placed on 4 DEG C of refrigerators, stand-by.
Test example 1 measures Pollen Activity
1, pollen measures:
A, TTC method dyes: on slide glass, put a little pollen or pollen mixture, dye with TTC liquid, carry out microscopy under the microscope, red coloration for there being vigor pollen, add tincture of iodine diluent again by starch dye for blue, to identify having vigor pollen, starch small grain, debility pollen, count in field of microscope, calculate Pollen Activity per-cent;
B, sucrose suspension are cultivated: drip sucrose in microorganism culturing slide glass central authorities and hang liquid nutrient medium, pollen, pollen mixture are put into liquid nutrient medium constant temperature 28 DEG C to cultivate 2h and make pollen germination, grow pollen tube, dye with tincture of iodine diluent, to distinguish starch small grain, count in field of microscope, calculate pollen germination per-cent;
2, pollination detects: pollinate on male sterile maternal plant full-bloom stage flower column cap, treat that ovary increasing grows into capsule, calculates knot capsule per-cent;
3, pollinate after strain capsule maturation, single fruit is gathered, seasoning, threshing, selected, detection thousand seed weight, germinating energy, percentage of germination.
The different embodiment of table 1 is in 4 DEG C, refrigerator storage 30d Pollen Activity detected result
Embodiment 3: painted Pollen starch culture medium+oven dry pollen
Reference examples 1: pollen medium (pure glucose)+oven dry pollen
Reference examples 2: painted Pollen starch culture medium+airing pollen
Reference examples 1, reference examples 2, embodiment 3 test materials are placed on refrigerator 4 DEG C of condition storage 30d, and according to above-mentioned given detection method, sampling carries out each Indexs measure, as can be seen from upper table 1:
Pollen Activity %:TTC dyes (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) and the two dyeing microscopic examination of the tincture of iodine, embodiment 3 compares Pollen Activity with reference examples 1 and improves 20.0%, compares raising 22.7%, show with reference examples 2, embodiment 3 is better than pollen vehicle-control example 1, is also better than reference examples 2 simultaneously;
Pollen germination rate %: with TTC, the two dyeing of the tincture of iodine, embodiment 3 compares pollen bright rate and increases 29.8% with reference examples 1, compare with reference examples 2 and increase 37.6%, show, embodiment 3 is better than reference examples 1, also be better than reference examples 2 simultaneously, also show that embodiment 4 is conducive to pollen germination, dry pollen and be better than airing pollen;
Pollination fruiting rate %: embodiment 3 and reference examples 1 comparative result rate increase by 0.7%, and compare increase by 2.5% with reference examples 2, show, embodiment 3 is better than reference examples 1, are also better than reference examples 2 simultaneously; Meanwhile, after adding mark look-food dye, the uniformity coefficient of artificial pollination is higher than reference examples 1;
Mature seed thousand seed weight mg: embodiment 3 compares thousand grain weigth with reference examples 1 and improves 2.2%, and compare raising 2.0% with reference examples 2, show, embodiment 3 is better than reference examples 1, little with reference examples 2 difference;
Potentiality of seed %: each process seed is undertaken selected (after selection by winnowing wet concentration) by standard, evenly being put into by seed is lined with in the culture dish of thieving paper, inject water purification by the abundant imbibition of seed, put into growth cabinet, constant temperature 28 DEG C (unglazed photograph) cultivates 7d, and to calculate the percentage of germination of seed of chitting piece/be all potentiality of seed, continues to be cultured to 12d and be calculated as rate of emergence; Analyze known, embodiment 3 compares germinating energy with reference examples 1 increases by 4.0%, compares increase by 5.9%, show with reference examples 2, and embodiment 3 is better than reference examples 1, is also better than reference examples 2 simultaneously;
Rate of emergence %: embodiment 3 compares percentage of germination with reference examples 1 increases by 2.6%, compares increase by 4.0%, show with embodiment 3, and embodiment 3 is better than reference examples 1, is also better than reference examples 2 simultaneously;
In sum: embodiment 3 compares with reference examples 1,2, and Pollen Activity, pollen germination rate, potentiality of seed are significantly improved, pollination fruiting rate, thousand grain weigth, rate of emergence increase to some extent, and can seem, implementation result of the present invention is significantly better than reference examples.
Claims (9)
1. Pollen starch culture medium, is characterized in that: be grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: yam starch 87 ~ 89%, glucose 10 ~ 12%, saltpetre 0.1 ~ 0.5%, potassium primary phosphate 0.1 ~ 0.5%; Described pollen is tobacco pollen, paddy pollen or Pollen Maydis.
2. Pollen starch culture medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise food dye, and its addition is 0.0001 ~ 0.0002% of Pollen starch culture medium weight according to claim 1.
3. Pollen starch culture medium according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described food dye is for carmine, and its addition is 0.0001% of Pollen starch culture medium weight according to claim 1.
4. Pollen starch culture medium according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: be grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: yam starch 89%, glucose 10.6%, saltpetre 0.2%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%, accounts for the famille rose of front four kinds of material gross weights 0.0001%.
5. nutrition donor pollen, is characterized in that: be grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight proportion: pollen 48% ~ 52%, the Pollen starch culture medium 48% ~ 52% described in any one of Claims 1 to 4.
6. the preparation method of Pollen starch culture medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
A, in yam starch, add water, repeatedly embathe, cross 100 orders divide sample mesh screen, extracting screen underflow when washing, allow starch sedimentation, remove clear water, obtain throw out, it is 4 ~ 5wt% that throw out is dried to water content at 35 ~ 40 DEG C, for subsequent use;
B, the glucose that 100 mesh sieves will be crossed, saltpetre, potassium primary phosphate, respectively 50 ~ 60 DEG C dry to water content be 4 ~ 5wt%, for subsequent use;
C, above-mentioned four kinds of materials for subsequent use to be mixed, obtain Pollen starch culture medium.
7. the preparation method of the Pollen starch culture medium described in any one of claim 2 ~ 4, is characterized in that: in Pollen starch culture medium according to claim 1, add food dye, mixing.
8. the preparation method of nutrition donor pollen according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in the Pollen starch culture medium described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, add pollen, mixing.
9. the preparation method of nutrition donor pollen according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the method for process pollen comprises the following steps: be placed on by flower pesticide in 200 ~ 230 order mesh screens, insert in air dry oven, keep temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C of drying 1 ~ 3h, take out, pouring 60 orders into divides in sample mesh screen, collects the pollen crossing 60 order sub-sieves, and keeping temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C this pollen to be dried to water content is 3 ~ 6wt%.
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