CN1035356C - 制备抗寄生虫制剂的方法 - Google Patents
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- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
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Abstract
一种抗寄生虫剂25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1在含有50-95%芝麻油,剩余部分是油酸乙酯的溶剂中的溶液,它可有效地防治寄生虫,易于被动物耐受,并可利用标准的注射器注射。
Description
本发明涉及结构为式(I)化合物的肠胃外制剂的制备,此化合物称为25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1。
此化合物是阿凡曼菌素家族的一员,欧洲专利公开0214713对此有记载并要求了专利保护。阿凡曼菌素类是高度活性的抗寄生虫剂,尤其可用作驱蠕虫剂、杀外寄生虫剂、杀虫剂和杀螨剂。
抗寄生虫剂对于动物最为常用的施用制剂是非肠胃的、皮下或肌肉制剂。通常,水是一种方便的用于注射的液体,但阿凡曼菌素类在水中的溶解度太低,简单的水溶液浓度低到无法使用。如4389397号美国专利所述,用表面活性剂作为促溶剂和使用合适的有机共溶剂形成胶团溶液,可使某些阿凡曼菌素在水中溶解。然而,这些制剂所提供的活性化合物的剂量不足以令人满意地除去动物体内外的寄生虫。
欧洲专利公开146414记载了阿凡曼菌素的共溶剂溶液,即含有少量水的甘油甲醛和丙二醇的混合液或丙二醇,供肠胃外使用。但是,已知丙二醇在皮下或肌肉注射中引起刺激作用。此外,这些制剂中的少量水会导致阿凡曼菌素的水解作用。
这种含有可与水混溶的有机溶剂的阿凡曼菌素制剂,倾向于在注射部位使阿凡曼菌素产生不期望的局部沉淀。这可能在注射部位导致刺激和肿胀,并使抗寄生虫效果降低和不一致。
确实,市售抗寄生虫剂“可用于家畜注射的Ivomec”(一种称为异阿凡曼菌素的共溶剂阿凡曼菌素制剂)仅适用皮下注射,并可能在注射部位导致刺激和肿胀。
另一种提供阿凡曼菌素注射液的方法是,将阿凡曼菌素溶于药用油中。英国专利公开2166436中公开了用花生油、棉籽油以及油酸乙酯作为某些阿凡曼菌素的溶剂。然而,花生油和棉籽油提供的溶液不能使化合物I的浓度至少达到1%w/v,而这正是一般的兽医药品所要求的。兽医制剂通常都是在农场于低温下使用或贮存,温度低至4℃甚至更低,因此,即使阿凡曼菌素于正常室温下在油中的溶解度足够高,它也可能在暴露于低温条件时沉淀或形成过饱和溶液,从而变得不能使用。纯的油酸乙酯以及含有大量油酸乙酯的油类混合物侵蚀常用兽医注射器的某些塑料或橡胶组分,使它们变得不能使用。
欧洲专利公开285561记载了用纯的芝麻油作为另一组化合物米尔倍霉素(milbemycins)的可能溶剂。在比较粘度和可注射性的研究中发现,纯芝麻油的粘度太高,在用常规的兽医注射器时,不能用它作为溶剂进行注射。由于此原因,在实际的野外条件下,不能用纯芝麻油作注射用溶剂。
本发明旨在提供化合物(I)的肠胃外制剂,它能有效地防治体内和体外的寄生虫,它在对家畜作皮下和肌肉注射时易于被家畜耐受,并可用常规的注射器进行注射。
本发明提供了25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1即化合物(I)的一种溶液,其溶剂含有50-95%体积的芝麻油,剩余部分是油酸乙酯。
优选的溶剂混合物含有75-90%体积的芝麻油,剩余部分是油酸乙酯。
对于皮下或肌肉注射来说,优选的阿凡曼菌素含量为1-30mg/ml,最优选为大约10mg/ml。
本发明的制剂是单相溶液,它可有效地治疗由内寄生虫引起的多种疾病,其中尤其包括蠕虫病,这是最经常由称为线虫的一类寄生蠕虫引起的疾病,它能给猪、羊、马和牛饲养业带来严重的经济损失,并能影响家养动物和禽类。这些化合物还能有效地防治影响各种动物的其他线虫,包括例如狗中的恶丝虫属,以及能够感染人体的各种寄生虫,包括肠胃寄生虫如钩虫属、板口线虫属、蛔虫属、类圆线虫属、毛线虫属、毛细线虫属、鞭虫属、蛲虫属,以及存在于血液或其他组织和器官中的寄生虫如线状蠕虫(fillarlal worm)和肠外阶段的类圆线虫属和毛线虫属。
本发明的制剂还可有效地治疗外寄生虫感染,尤其包括家畜和家禽的节肢动物外寄生虫如蜱、虱、螨、蚤、丽蝇、叮咬昆虫及能影响牛和马的迁移性双翅目幼虫。
已经意外地发现,本发明制剂的性质优于上述现有技术制剂,即用它们对家畜进行皮下或肌肉注射时对注射部位无刺激或几乎无刺激,适合用于常用的标准注射器,并能产生一致的抗寄生虫效果。
本发明溶液的进一步的优点是,制剂载体中含有不饱和酸的酯类,因此在长时间贮存时不使阿凡曼菌素受空气氧化。
本发明的溶液可如下简单地配制:将化合物(I)溶于芝麻油油酸乙酯混合物中,然后消毒和包装,用于常规方式的注射。
下面的实例通过举例描述了本发明的制剂。
实例
通过下述方法制备并测试25-环己基阿凡曼菌素Bl在油制剂中的溶液。
实例1
用下述成分配制注射液,该注射液在1ml芝麻油和油酸乙酯的公称90/10混合物中含有10mg化合物I:化合物I 10mg油酸乙酯 0.1ml芝麻油 加至1.0ml
将油酸乙酯和芝麻油混合并加热至80℃,同时用氮吹扫。然后将化合物I加至热油中直至溶解,使得到的溶液迅速冷却,如果需要,用芝麻油调整体积至1ml。通过膜过滤使此最终溶液消毒并无菌包装。
实例2
采用实例1的方法,用下列成分配制注射液,该注射液在1ml芝麻油和油酸乙酯的公称50/50混合物中含有10mg化合物I:化合物I 10mg油酸乙酯 0.5ml芝麻油 加至1.0ml
实例3
采用实例1的方法,用下列成分配制注射液,该注射液在1ml芝麻油和油酸乙酯的公称75/25混合物中含有10mg化合物I:化合物I 10mg油酸乙酯 0.25ml芝麻油 加至1.0ml
实例4
采用L.G.Cramer等的方法(Vet.Record122:611-612,1988)加以修改,测定化合物I对外寄生虫的效果。
通过皮下注射在第0天以200ug/kg的剂量给两组牛施用化合物I。A组施用的化合物I是根据美国专利4389397的含水胶团制剂,在每毫升制剂中含有2.5mg化合物I、120mg Tween80(注册商标)、200mg甘油甲醛、大约10mg苄醇,剩余部分为水。处理B组的化合物I是实例1的制剂。然后,在第0、2和4天对处理组及各种处理的对照组接种微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)幼虫,使蜱发育成成虫。第21和32天之间收集产生的吸血的雌性蜱成虫,记录日平均计数示于表1中。
表1 收集的雌性微小牛蜱的日平均计数
天 胶团制剂 未处理对照 实例1制剂 未处理对照
21 0 287 0 0
22 0 651 0 324
23 0 879 0 996
24 0 753 0 1507
25 16 554 0 663
26 76 267 0 852
27 85 48 0 329
28 36 10 8 35
29 28 5 15 19
30 16 0 3 1
31 0 0 3 1
32 0 0 1 0
总计 257 3454 30 4727
用实例1制剂处理不仅延迟了雌性蜱成虫的产生,而且使收集到的蜱减少。
实例5
在牛的半膜肌内注射阿凡曼菌素制剂后,评价其耐受性。在处理后第7和14天无痛处死牛,然后摘取注射部位及其周围的组织。检查组织的宏观病理学,利用下述分级系统评价注射部位的损伤。
0=正常,无可见损伤
1=轻度伤疤
2=重度伤疤
3=包囊碎片<1.0cm3
4=包囊碎片>1.0<2.5cm3
5=包囊碎片>2.5cm3
等级0、1和2被认为是可接受的。大于2的等级具有包囊碎片。实例1和2的化合物I制剂以200ug/kg的剂量对牛进行肌肉注射。将注射部位的耐受性与以同样剂量和途径施用的抗寄生虫剂异阿凡曼菌素(商标;用于牛的Ivomec)的共溶剂制剂作比较。
表2 肌肉注射部位耐受性等级的比较处理 天 家畜数 平均等级实例1制剂 7 5 0.4
14 10 0.0实例2制剂 7 5 0.4
14 10 0.0Ivomec 7 4 3.75
14 8 2.75
实例1和2制剂中的化合物I易于被耐受,只在注射7天后有少量小损伤;14天后完全消失。相反,肌肉注射的Ivomec的耐受性在第7天很差,在注射后14天仍可见到包囊碎片。
Claims (4)
1、一种制备25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1溶液的方法,包括将25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1溶于一种溶剂中,该溶剂含有50-95%体积的芝麻油,剩余部分是油酸乙酯。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其中的溶剂含有75-90%体积的芝麻油,剩余部分是油酸乙酯。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,所形成的溶液含有1-30mg/ml 25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,所形成的溶液含有大约10mg/ml 25-环己基阿凡曼菌素B1。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB898908071A GB8908071D0 (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1989-04-11 | Antiparasitic formulations |
GB8908071.7 | 1989-04-11 | ||
SG27894A SG27894G (en) | 1989-04-11 | 1994-02-22 | Injectable compositions containing 25-cyclohexyl-avermectin B1 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1046282A CN1046282A (zh) | 1990-10-24 |
CN1035356C true CN1035356C (zh) | 1997-07-09 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN90102072A Expired - Lifetime CN1035356C (zh) | 1989-04-11 | 1990-04-11 | 制备抗寄生虫制剂的方法 |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0393890B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0647548B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1035356C (zh) |
AP (1) | AP133A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU609660B2 (zh) |
CY (1) | CY1777A (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0393890T3 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG18956A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2052173T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI92015C (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3005794T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK39294A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO175882C (zh) |
OA (1) | OA09203A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1836084C (zh) |
SG (1) | SG27894G (zh) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19613972A1 (de) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-16 | Bayer Ag | Injektionsformulierungen von Avermectinen und Milbemycinen auf Basis von Rizinusöl |
EP0928136B1 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 2003-10-22 | Ashmont Holdings Limited | Injectable compositions |
DE19638045A1 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-19 | Bayer Ag | Injektionsformulierungen von Avermectinen und Milbemycinen |
KR20000025762A (ko) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-05-06 | 유충식 | 이버멕틴류의 가용화 조성물 |
GB9827727D0 (en) | 1998-12-16 | 1999-02-10 | Pfizer Ltd | Antiparasitic formulations |
NZ590141A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2012-05-25 | Merial Ltd | Anthelminthic formulations including castor oil and another vegetable oil |
CA2750626C (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2013-10-01 | Pfizer Inc. | High dosage doramectin formulation |
WO2011043962A2 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-14 | Wyeth Llc | Compositions comprising adjuvant, macrolide and proteinaceous antigen and methods of use thereof |
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IT1182857B (it) * | 1984-09-14 | 1987-10-05 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Composti antibiotici, composizioni antiparassitarie che li contengono e procedimento per prepararli ed applicarli |
ES8802229A1 (es) * | 1985-04-30 | 1988-04-16 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Un procedimiento para preparar nuevos derivados lactonicos macrociclicos. |
US4707470A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1987-11-17 | Smithkline Beckman Corporation | Polyene antibiotic emulsion formulation |
EP0285561A3 (de) * | 1987-03-27 | 1989-10-25 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Parasitizide und insektizide Milbemycin-Derivate |
ATE87926T1 (de) * | 1987-11-09 | 1993-04-15 | Pfizer | Ethylierte avermectine. |
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1990
- 1990-04-06 EP EP90303716A patent/EP0393890B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-06 ES ES90303716T patent/ES2052173T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-06 DK DK90303716.6T patent/DK0393890T3/da active
- 1990-04-09 AP APAP/P/1990/000174A patent/AP133A/en active
- 1990-04-10 FI FI901816A patent/FI92015C/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1990-04-10 RU SU904743681A patent/RU1836084C/ru active
- 1990-04-10 AU AU53119/90A patent/AU609660B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-10 NO NO901637A patent/NO175882C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-10 OA OA59772A patent/OA09203A/xx unknown
- 1990-04-11 JP JP2096150A patent/JPH0647548B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-11 EG EG22590A patent/EG18956A/xx active
- 1990-04-11 CN CN90102072A patent/CN1035356C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-09-24 GR GR920402116T patent/GR3005794T3/el unknown
-
1994
- 1994-02-22 SG SG27894A patent/SG27894G/en unknown
- 1994-04-28 HK HK39294A patent/HK39294A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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1995
- 1995-10-20 CY CY177795A patent/CY1777A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI92015C (fi) | 1994-09-26 |
RU1836084C (ru) | 1993-08-23 |
FI901816A0 (fi) | 1990-04-10 |
SG27894G (en) | 1995-03-17 |
FI92015B (fi) | 1994-06-15 |
NO175882C (no) | 1994-12-28 |
CY1777A (en) | 1995-10-20 |
NO175882B (no) | 1994-09-19 |
DK0393890T3 (da) | 1992-09-28 |
EP0393890A1 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
AU5311990A (en) | 1990-11-08 |
AP9000174A0 (en) | 1990-04-30 |
ES2052173T3 (es) | 1994-07-01 |
JPH02290820A (ja) | 1990-11-30 |
JPH0647548B2 (ja) | 1994-06-22 |
AP133A (en) | 1991-06-05 |
OA09203A (fr) | 1992-06-30 |
GR3005794T3 (zh) | 1993-06-07 |
NO901637D0 (no) | 1990-04-10 |
HK39294A (en) | 1994-05-06 |
CN1046282A (zh) | 1990-10-24 |
EG18956A (en) | 1994-04-30 |
EP0393890B1 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
NO901637L (no) | 1990-10-12 |
AU609660B2 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
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