CN103534339A - 移动床反应器 - Google Patents
移动床反应器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103534339A CN103534339A CN201280020212.5A CN201280020212A CN103534339A CN 103534339 A CN103534339 A CN 103534339A CN 201280020212 A CN201280020212 A CN 201280020212A CN 103534339 A CN103534339 A CN 103534339A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bulk materials
- equipment
- reactor
- moving
- post
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/002—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor with a moving instrument
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/12—Continuous processes using solid heat-carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/003—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor in a downward flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/0035—Periodical feeding or evacuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
- B01J8/0045—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor by means of a rotary device in the flow channel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/12—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
- C10J3/40—Movable grates
- C10J3/42—Rotary grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
- C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00539—Pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/0061—Controlling the level
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00752—Feeding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00761—Discharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00769—Details of feeding or discharging
- B01J2208/00778—Kinetic energy reducing devices in the flow channel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
设备,其在松散物质(6)从其中通过的移动床反应器(1)中热分离富碳物质。用于供给物质的垂直松散物质柱(5)通过用于除去物质的松散物质柱得到补充,其中选择松散物质柱(5,13)的宽度和高度以及松散物质(6)的组成,使得柱(5,13)中的内部压力损失引起反应器内部的密封。同时,使得松散物流成为可能,其中在上反应器区域中提供第一腔室(11)和在下反应器区域中提供第二腔室(9),在所述腔室之间提供至少50毫巴的压力差Δp,所述压力差通过经由填充导致的压力损失得以稳定化。
Description
本发明涉及在松散物质由顶部流至底部的移动床反应器中用于富碳物质热裂解的设备,其中提供垂直松散物质柱用于输送物流。
例如,一种所述设备已知自DE102007062414A1。在操作所述设备时,一方面为了引起稳定的化学反应而另一方面可能为了促进反应器中的气体逆流,如果必须在反应器内部建立某些压力条件,则能够出现困难。
富碳物质的热利用,尤其是含塑料废料,或污染的碳载体或者甚至生物质的气化已是多年的研究重点。过去已进行了大量努力,特别是进行含塑料废料的气化。许多方法以大工业规模进行,并且使用了各种类型的反应器,比如转鼓反应器、流化床反应器或者甚至移动床反应器。
已知设备和方法具有显著缺点,其在几乎全部情况下均导致这些大规模项目的中断。尤其是,在输送塑料至反应器和在除去残余物方面存在问题。经过反应器的流动和保持气态媒介的连续逆流也是有问题的。
为了输送和除去原料和残余物,使用了复杂的涡轮、节流器或甚至活塞装置,它们一般具有复杂的结构特征比如旋转部分、挡板机理和静态或动态密封系统。特别是,在使用低熔点物质比如塑料的情况下,这些装置中出现大量问题,原因是熔化物质的沉积,结块和堵塞。这导致系统停运,原因是不得不频繁清洁输送和除去装置,或者反应器内部有渗漏。随之而来的压力条件波动或者甚至未经定义的气体混合物的排放是特别不利的。
本发明目的是改善最初描述的类型的设备,使得更安全的操作成为可能,所述操作实现反应器内部可靠的密封并调节优选的压力条件。
根据本发明,上述目的这样获得:为了除去物流,提供垂直松散物质柱,并且选择松散物质柱的宽度和高度和松散物质的性质,使得松散物质柱一方面经由它们的内部压力损失引起反应器内部与大气密封,另一方面使得连续或分批的松散物流成为可能,并且在上反应器区域提供第一空腔和在下反应器区域提供第二空腔,在它们之间提供至少50毫巴的压力差Δp,所述压力差Δp通过经由松散物质的压力损失得以稳定化。
用所述设备已展示,富碳物质能够得以热利用,其中所述系统具有高可用性,并且在输送和除去区域可以不存在可能发生故障的固定装置。该系统特别适于制备合成气体,其能够收集于反应器的上部空腔并且通过适宜装置除去。
垂直松散物质柱与垂直移动床一起使得松散物质可以仅仅基于松散物质本身的重力而移动,从而不是必须提供移动元件来确保松散物流动。
优选这样构造设备,使得输送物流的垂直松散物质柱以连通方式与移动床反应器的松散物质柱连接。该实施方式对于连续物流是特别优选的,原因是松散物质在反应器中前进而不存在掉落区域,避免了不连续的移动过程。
本发明的又一优选实施方式提供,用于除去物流的垂直松散物质柱通过反应器下部的空腔与反应器本身的移动床分开。这种构造具有的优势是,避免反应器阻塞且物流被彼此附着的松散物质部分中断。
反应器下部的空腔的形成能够例如通过松散物质计量装置引起,其连续或分批地计量从移动床反应器进入形成的空腔的松散物质。作为松散物质计量装置,能够使用例如旋转台或滑动台设备,它们例如已知自煅烧井式炉建筑。
在本发明的又一优选实施方式中提供,在反应器下部中的空腔之下的松散物质以连通方式与用于除去物流垂直松散物质柱连接。
在还更优选的实施方式中提供,在松散物质进入用于输送物流的垂直松散物质柱的入口之上提供混合装置,其将松散物质与富碳物质混合,从而充当富碳物质进入移动床反应器的运输媒介。这样一来,在有利条件下通过有目的地调节碳比例能够实现反应器的运行,不是必须供给额外燃料。
在本发明的特别优选的实施方式中,提供冷却装置,其具有完全或部分间接冷却用于输送的垂直松散物质柱的套管的冷却媒介。在最简单的情况中,该冷却媒介可以是水;也可以预期这样的实施方式,其中水并不在封闭循环中循环而是流入反应器内部。
冷却套管预防在该区域占优势的容易因为较高温度熔化的塑料在松散物质柱中结块。
用于输送的垂直松散物质柱的套管还能够完全或部分塞入反应器的移动床的上部,并且作为结果能够形成移动床反应器的上部中的上部空腔。
移动床反应器中的平均操作压力优选低于3巴(ü),优选低于1巴(ü),和特别优选低于0.1巴(ü)。
经证实在操作中有效的松散物质柱的几何构造的一种实例提供,用于输送的垂直松散物质柱的松散物质高度(按米计)除以在反应器顶部的操作压力(按巴计)与优势大气压(按巴计)之间的最大压力差形成的商>10,并且用于除去的垂直松散物质柱的松散物质高度(按米计)除以在反应器底部的操作压力(按巴计)与优势大气压(按巴计)之间的最大压力差形成的商>5。不同的商是由于松散物质性质因氧化的碳成分而变动这样的事实。
最初提及的经调节的至少50毫巴的压力差优选低于1巴。一般来说,为了安全的操作过程,更高的压力差是不合乎目的的。
有利地,使用氧化钙、碳酸钙和/或氢氧化钙作为松散物质的成分。特别在含卤素塑料的情况下,它们具有结合卤素并将其从过程中除去的有利特性。钙化合物特别是氧化钙在热裂解中的催化作用是特别有利的。该方法能够与制备生石灰偶合,从而设备能够经济地操作。
有关裂解操作本身,经证实有利的是在全部阶段中移动床反应器中氧化过程的总λ小于0.5。总而言之,氧化在缺氧下完成,其中λ值可以进一步降低,并且在λ为0.3的范围已获得良好结果。
本发明的一种实施方式示于附图中。该实施方式显示用于大工业规模例如在燃烧或烧结过程中的煅烧井式炉,对其进行修饰以用作移动床反应器1。向移动床反应器1连续加入富碳物质2和耐火性松散物质3的混合物。加入经由传送器装置4和垂直松散物质柱5完成,其松散物质以连通方式与移动床反应器中的松散物质6连接。移动床反应器1中的松散物质6的流动通过由顶部至底部的重力作用引起,其中松散物质计量装置7连续或分批将来自移动床反应器1的松散物质输送至位于移动床反应器1的下端的空腔8。作为这种输送的结果,松散物质连续向下滑动,从而富碳物质2和耐火性松散物质3的混合物还能够沿松散物质柱5滑入移动床反应器。
移动床反应器作为所谓的逆流气化器操作,其中含氧气体9在反应器底部进料。因为气化过程,至少发生下述三种过程:在松散物质6上部形成裂解区A,其中含碳物质已经部分反应或变为焦炭;在下游过程形成更热的燃烧区B,其中剩余的碳化合物转化为合成气体;并且在下部形成冷却区C。过程区A和B发生的合成气体于10从顶部离开移动床反应器。
在该实例中,用于输送松散物质的松散物质柱体现为柱塞管,其塞入移动床反应器上部。反应器中松散物质6的高度,并且特别是作为结果的气体室11的体积均能有目的地通过选择柱塞管塞入的深度而改变。
在显示的示范性实施方式中,由于反应器上部区域的气体室11中能够达到超过300℃的温度,塞入反应器中的松散物质柱5的套管区域通过双层壁12或盘绕冷却系统用水冷却。这甚至使得在低温熔化的富碳物质比如塑料在系统中没有问题得以处理,不存在团集的可能。从而可以省去用于向移动床反应器1的输送而使用的复杂固定装置或节流器系统。
在空腔8中,耐火性松散物质3和热不可用的残余物比如灰烬的混合物以连通方式连接至用于从反应器系统除去物质的松散物质柱13。
松散物质柱13在下部出口直接与包括振动槽或排放带的除去传送器14连通。采用该除去传送器14,松散物质柱13从反应器系统连续或分批地除去。
通过调节可氧化混合物和富碳物质部分的通量来控制反应器。该控制能够一方面在混合装置4附近实现,而另一方面甚至仅通过空腔8上方的计量装置7的通量实现,该装置控制松散物质在反应器中的通过速度。为了使得热利用过程的安全操作成为可能,也必须在每一个时间点确保反应器内部对大气的安全密封。首先,需要由此预防合成气体的逸出,同时在低压事件中还预防空气中氧的穿透以及反应器内部爆炸性混合物的形成。该密封经由用于输送和除去的两个松散物质柱的压力损失来实现。因此,必须在每一个时间点且在每一个操作条件下确保两个松散物质柱具有最小的填充高度。因此,用于输送物质的松散物质柱5配有填充水平计量器15,其充当传送器装置4的旋转速度的可调参数,用于输送物质进入松散物质柱5并且总是确保最小填充水平。
确保用于除去物质的松散物质柱13中的最小填充水平也经由填充水平计量器16完成。经由反馈调节器17,其能够选择性地充当计量装置7的排放速度的可调参数D,或者另选地充当除去传送器14的旋转速度的可调参数E。用于松散物质柱的分开的控制回路确保甚至在反应器内松散物流的不稳定性事件中,总是在输送和除去过程中保持足够的松散物质柱高度。
Claims (15)
1.在松散物质由顶部流至底部的移动床反应器(1)中,用于富碳物质热裂解的设备,其中提供用于输送物流的垂直松散物质柱(5),其特征在于,为了从所述移动床反应器(1)除去物流,提供垂直松散物质柱(13),并且选择松散物质柱(5,13)的宽度和高度以及松散物质的性质,使得松散物质柱(5,13)一方面经由它们的内部压力损失引起反应器内部与大气密封,而另一方面使得连续或分批的松散物流成为可能,其中在上反应器区域提供第一空腔(11)和在下反应器区域提供第二空腔(9),所述空腔之间提供至少50毫巴的压力差Δp,所述压力差通过跨移动床反应器(1)内部的松散物质(6)的压力损失得以稳定化。
2.权利要求1的设备,其特征在于,所述用于输送物流的垂直松散物质柱(5)以连通方式与移动床反应器(1)的松散物质(6)连接。
3.权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于,用于除去物流的垂直松散物质柱(13)通过反应器下部中形成的空腔(9)与移动床反应器(1)本身的移动床的松散物质(6)分开。
4.权利要求3的设备,其特征在于,反应器(1)下部中的空腔(9)的形成通过松散物质计量装置(7)实现,其连续或分批地计量从移动床反应器(1)进入形成的空腔的松散物质(6)。
5.权利要求4的设备,其特征在于,所述松散物质计量装置(7)成型为旋转台或滑动台设备。
6.权利要求3-5之一的设备,其特征在于,在反应器(1)下部中的空腔(9)之下的松散物质以连通方式与用于除去物流的垂直松散物质柱(13)连接。
7.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,在松散物质进入用于输送物流的垂直松散物质柱(5)的入口之上,提供传送器装置(4),其将松散物质与富碳物质混合,从而充当富碳物质进入移动床反应器(1)的运输媒介。
8.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,提供冷却装置(12),其采用冷却媒介完全或部分地间接冷却用于输送的垂直松散物质柱(5)的套管。
9.权利要求8的设备,其特征在于,用于输送的垂直松散物质柱(5)的套管完全或部分塞入移动床反应器(1)的上部并且由此形成移动床反应器(1)上部中的上部空腔(11)。
10.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,调节移动床反应器中的平均操作压力为低于3巴(ü),优选低于1巴(ü),和特别优选低于0.1巴(ü)的范围。
11.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,用于输送的垂直松散物质柱(5)的松散物质高度(按米计)除以反应器顶部操作压力(按巴计)与优势大气压(按巴计)之间的最大压力差形成的商>10,并且用于除去的垂直松散物质柱(13)的松散物质高度(按米计)除以反应器底部操作压力(按巴计)与优势大气压(按巴计)之间的最大压力差形成的商>5。
12.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,Δp最大达到1巴。
13.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,所述松散物含有氧化钙,碳酸钙,和/或氢氧化钙成分。
14.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,在全部阶段移动床反应器(1)中的氧化过程的总λ小于0.5。
15.前述权利要求之一的设备,其特征在于,对热裂解操作的控制通过改变松散物质(6)和富碳物质的通量和/或加入的富碳物质的定量比例完成。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011014349.1 | 2011-03-18 | ||
DE102011014349A DE102011014349A1 (de) | 2011-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | Wanderbettreaktor |
PCT/EP2012/001181 WO2012126595A1 (de) | 2011-03-18 | 2012-03-16 | Wanderbettreaktor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103534339A true CN103534339A (zh) | 2014-01-22 |
CN103534339B CN103534339B (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
Family
ID=45953058
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280020212.5A Expired - Fee Related CN103534339B (zh) | 2011-03-18 | 2012-03-16 | 移动床反应器 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20140127090A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2686406A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014511903A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140017601A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103534339B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012231048B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2835611A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102011014349A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2573026C2 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA108026C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012126595A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201306991B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012009265B4 (de) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-12-05 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Gekühlter Ringgassammler |
DE102014000471A1 (de) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-16 | Ecoloop Gmbh | Verfahren zur thermischen Spaltung von organischen Abfallstoffen |
DE102014012432A1 (de) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-03 | Ecoloop Gmbh | Verfahren zur Spaltung von kohlen- und wasserstoffhaltigen Substanzen |
CN105013289B (zh) * | 2015-07-04 | 2017-03-29 | 上海煜工环保科技有限公司 | 均压移动床式活性焦吸附塔 |
FR3055889A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-16 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Systeme de dosage et d'injection par gravite de poudres en phase dense |
CN116688874A (zh) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 北京拓川科研设备股份有限公司 | 一种基于进出料精准控制的移动床反应器 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3032398A (en) * | 1957-05-16 | 1962-05-01 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Process and furnace for the continuous production of aluminum nitride |
WO1986001821A1 (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-27 | The English Electric Company Limited | Gasification apparatus |
CN86106940A (zh) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-07-01 | 于西诺尔钢铁公司 | 在罐式炉内通过电加热生产型焦的方法以及生产这种焦的罐式炉 |
CN2322967Y (zh) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-06-09 | 太原重机煤气设备工程公司 | 两段式混合煤气发生炉 |
CN101111588A (zh) * | 2005-02-02 | 2008-01-23 | 三得利株式会社 | 碳化装置 |
DE102007017402A1 (de) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-16 | Lurgi Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln fester Brennstoffe in brennbares Produktgas |
CN101903501A (zh) * | 2007-12-20 | 2010-12-01 | 埃克洛普有限公司 | 高碳物质连续气化的自热方法 |
CN101942344A (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2011-01-12 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 多段分级转化流化床煤气化的方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE618502C (de) * | 1933-02-14 | 1935-09-10 | Metallgesellschaft Akt Ges | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Trocknen und Kuehlen im Vakuum |
US3936131A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1976-02-03 | Chrysler Corporation | Snap-in assembly and contact terminal for wedge base lamps |
US4286775A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-09-01 | Midrex Corporation | Apparatus for producing molten iron from iron oxide with coal and oxygen |
DE3005205C2 (de) * | 1980-02-12 | 1983-11-24 | Deutsche Kommunal-Anlagen Miete GmbH, 8000 München | Austragsvorrichtung für eine Abfall-Pyrolyseanlage |
RU2073558C1 (ru) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-02-20 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственное объединение "Ленар" | Устройство для регулирования расхода твердого сыпучего материала |
RU2062284C1 (ru) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-06-20 | Институт химической физики в Черноголовке РАН | Способ переработки горючих отходов типа изношенных шин или подобных резиновых отходов |
US5628261A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1997-05-13 | Chemical Lime Company | Method and furnace for decomposing solid waste materials |
JPH10324880A (ja) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-12-08 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 廃棄物処理装置における熱分解残留物排出装置のブリッジ検出装置及びブリッジ破壊装置 |
ATE328051T1 (de) * | 2001-04-19 | 2006-06-15 | Ebara Corp | Vergasungsvorrichtung und betriebsverfahren |
JP2004143296A (ja) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-05-20 | Setec:Kk | 部分燃焼式バイオマスガス化装置 |
FR2882046B1 (fr) * | 2005-02-15 | 2007-04-06 | Thales Sa | Installation de production d'hydrogene ou de gaz de synthese par gazeification |
-
2011
- 2011-03-18 DE DE102011014349A patent/DE102011014349A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-03-16 KR KR1020137026912A patent/KR20140017601A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-03-16 AU AU2012231048A patent/AU2012231048B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-03-16 RU RU2013146366/05A patent/RU2573026C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-03-16 CA CA2835611A patent/CA2835611A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-16 US US14/005,702 patent/US20140127090A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-16 JP JP2014500275A patent/JP2014511903A/ja active Pending
- 2012-03-16 EP EP12713874.1A patent/EP2686406A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-16 UA UAA201312075A patent/UA108026C2/ru unknown
- 2012-03-16 WO PCT/EP2012/001181 patent/WO2012126595A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-03-16 CN CN201280020212.5A patent/CN103534339B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-09-17 ZA ZA2013/06991A patent/ZA201306991B/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-09-10 US US14/850,343 patent/US20150376001A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3032398A (en) * | 1957-05-16 | 1962-05-01 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Process and furnace for the continuous production of aluminum nitride |
WO1986001821A1 (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-27 | The English Electric Company Limited | Gasification apparatus |
CN86106940A (zh) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-07-01 | 于西诺尔钢铁公司 | 在罐式炉内通过电加热生产型焦的方法以及生产这种焦的罐式炉 |
CN2322967Y (zh) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-06-09 | 太原重机煤气设备工程公司 | 两段式混合煤气发生炉 |
CN101111588A (zh) * | 2005-02-02 | 2008-01-23 | 三得利株式会社 | 碳化装置 |
DE102007017402A1 (de) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-16 | Lurgi Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln fester Brennstoffe in brennbares Produktgas |
CN101903501A (zh) * | 2007-12-20 | 2010-12-01 | 埃克洛普有限公司 | 高碳物质连续气化的自热方法 |
CN101942344A (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2011-01-12 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 多段分级转化流化床煤气化的方法及装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
易维明: "《生物质利用导论》", 31 August 1996, article "移动床" * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102011014349A1 (de) | 2012-09-20 |
UA108026C2 (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
US20150376001A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
CA2835611A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
AU2012231048A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
AU2012231048B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
RU2573026C2 (ru) | 2016-01-20 |
CN103534339B (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
ZA201306991B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
RU2013146366A (ru) | 2015-04-27 |
KR20140017601A (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
WO2012126595A1 (de) | 2012-09-27 |
US20140127090A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
EP2686406A1 (de) | 2014-01-22 |
JP2014511903A (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103534339B (zh) | 移动床反应器 | |
EP2526176B1 (en) | Downdraft gasifier with improved stability | |
JP2011513517A (ja) | プラズマ溶融を利用したマルチゾーン型炭素変換システム | |
SE457265B (sv) | Foerfarande och anlaeggning foer framstaellning av tackjaern | |
RU2607662C2 (ru) | Способ и устройство для газификации твердых горючих материалов под давлением в стационарном слое | |
CN1278292A (zh) | 由固体燃料制造可燃气体、合成气体和还原气体的方法和设备 | |
US20100088959A1 (en) | Method and Device for the Entrained-Flow Gasification of Solid Fuels under Pressure | |
EP2940386B1 (en) | Waste melting furnace | |
US20140348737A1 (en) | Cyclone reactor and method for producing usable by-products using cyclone reactor | |
CN102245747B (zh) | 用于提高耐火材料寿命的气化器添加剂 | |
CN103703111B (zh) | 煤气的制造方法以及甲烷的制造方法 | |
US20140223824A1 (en) | One Stage Atmospheric Pressure Thermo-Catalytic Plasma Gasification and Vitrification of Organic Material such as Biomass for the Production of Renewable Energy | |
US9822003B2 (en) | Process and apparatus for molten slag gasification of solid fuels | |
CN203096007U (zh) | 一种复合结构的洗涤冷却管 | |
JP5211369B1 (ja) | 石炭の熱分解方法 | |
CN104736681B (zh) | 部分氧化供给系统和方法 | |
JP2012215352A (ja) | ガス化溶融炉 | |
JPH10148317A (ja) | 廃棄物のガス化溶融炉およびガス化溶融方法 | |
RU2434744C2 (ru) | Способ кислородно-флюсовой резки огнеупора и устройство для его осуществления | |
RU132800U1 (ru) | Установка для производства синтез-газа и установка газификации | |
WO2023044858A1 (zh) | 一种实现含碳物料高碳转化率的高温洁净气化装置和方法 | |
KR20170044095A (ko) | 가스화기 | |
CA3026795C (en) | Equilibrium approach reactor | |
JP5720981B2 (ja) | 廃棄物ガス化処理方法 | |
Berti | Operational criterion of a spouted-bed oil shale retort |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1193626 Country of ref document: HK |
|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160406 Termination date: 20170316 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: WD Ref document number: 1193626 Country of ref document: HK |