CN103518541A - Peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method - Google Patents
Peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method. A half-lignification green branch is used as a scion to be grafted to a green stock of a nutrition bag in a cut grafting mode, leaves below the grafted port of the green stock are kept, the grafted port and the scion are bound by plastic strips in a sealed mode, only bud eyes are exposed, as the lignification degree of the green stock and the scion is low, tissue cells are active, the leaves left on the green stock can continue to conduct photosynthesis to manufacture nutrient substances which are supplied to calluses, coalescence of the grafted port is achieved rapidly in a growing period, and therefore the rate of survival of grafting of the lignification scion in a resting period is improved by 20%-30% compared with annual rootstock seedlings . Grafted seedlings can be conveyed out of a flower nursery for garden building from August to September, the seedlings of the nutrition bag do not need pruning, leaf cutting and watering, the root caps are not damaged after the seedlings are planted, a seedling buffering period is avoided after planting, and the leaves fall down and dormancy occurs after the seedlings sprout and slightly mature. The rate of survival of planting of garden building is high, the seedlings grow rapidly, fructification is achieved early, the yield is high, and the peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method is particularly suitable for garden building of mountainous regions where are dry and have no irrigation conditions in winter and spring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, the green branch of the green anvil of especially a kind of peach cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Peach (Prunus persica), belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae), and plum belongs to (Prunus), and the perennial deciduous tree fruit tree of peach subgenus (Amygdalius), originates in China, the cultivation history of existing more than 4000 year.Peach has strong adaptability, result early, high yield good stability, soil condition is required not tight, the feature such as cultivation management is easy, existing various countries all over the world, its output China occupies the first in the world.China is except Heilungkiang, and other each province, city, Qu Douyou cultivate.There are the provinces and regions such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Qingdao, Henan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan in Main Economic cultivation province (city) district.Peach fruit juice multi-flavor is beautiful, and fragrance is tempting, beautiful in colour, nutritious, sugary 7～15 grams of every 100 grams of pulp, 0.2～0.9 gram of organic acid, 0.1～0.8 gram, protein, 0.1～0.5 gram, fat, containing 3～5 milligrams of vitamin Cs, 0.01～0.02 milligram of vitamin B1,0.2 milligram of vitamin B2,1180 milligrams of carotenoid, are one of fresh fruits of liking the most of people, except for eating raw, also can be processed into preserved peach, peach butter, peach juice, peach is dry and peach can.Peach also has medical value, and root, leaf, flower, benevolence can be used as medicine, and has cough-relieving, invigorates blood circulation, the function such as defaecation, and peach kernel oil content 45%, can squeeze iundustrial oil, and peach-pit duricrust can preparing active carbon, is the multiduty raw material of industry.Choosing tree seedling-wood breeding has and grows directly from seeds and propagation by grafiting, and seedling result evening, variation is large, can not keep the good characteristic of breeding; The conventional grafting cultivation time is long, and rootstock seedling and grafting are cultivated and respectively need one-year age, within 2 years, just can complete the cultivation of grafting.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the green branch of the green anvil of a kind of peach cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method is provided, it is long that it solves the peach graft seedling growth time, graft survival rate is subject to the impact of grafting method, technology, stock and scion quality, the mountain region Jian Yuan of Winter-Spring arid non-irrigated condition, the technical problem such as bareroot seedling planting survival rates is low.
The present invention is achieved in that the green branch of the green anvil of peach cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
1) cultivation of green anvil: will be sown into the nutritious bag that Nutrition Soil is housed for cultivating the seed of stock, treat the growth of anvil seedling 2-3 month, seedling stem footpath is waited to be grafted after reaching more than 0.2cm;
2) scion collection: the raw semi-lignified long shoot then on clip elite stand tree crown top, branch footpath are 0.2～0.3cm, blade is complete, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm, and fringe bar is wiped out the young spray section of blade and top 1/3 after cutting, as scion;
3) cut scion: from branch base portion the 2nd bud of scion, upwards cut and get successively, at the cutter of splaying apart from the 3～3.5cm of bastem portion place, inclined-plane becomes 45 degree; The scion of overturning is again flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.5cm of bevel left and right, the finally oblique partial application in 0.5cm place above bud point, cut-out scion, the short fringe of fringe one bud; The scion of cutting is placed on and on wet towel, turns down towel to build moisturizing standby;
4) cut anvil seedling: nutritious bag anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, from anvil height of seedling, 10～12cm wipes out top, retain the following all blades of clip, clip scabbles with grafting knife, again from vertical partial application between xylem and cortex, deeply reach xylem, incision length 1.5-3cm, than the short 0.5cm of scion bevel length;
5) grafting fringe: the long bevel of the scion of cutting is inserted to stock otch, alignment formation layer towards stock xylem, and anvil fringe thickness differs, and adopts one side alignment;
6) colligation: with binding strap, stock and scion are carried out to colligation, the nursery stock grafting is flow back to seedling bed;
7) except sprouting and weeding: after grafting, erase growing rudiment on stock at any time, weeds are pulled out; Each removing after preemergence herbicidal, sprays the bordeaux mixture that 1 inferior quality percent concentration is 1%, and pre-disease prevention occurs; When grafting goes out garden field planting above up to 40cm.
Before the cultivation of the green anvil described in carrying out step 1), 1000 times of liquid of the acephatemet that is first 40% with mass percent concentration soak 1 hour (prevention fruit eats fly) by seed, and waterlogging goes out seed and is put in ventilation and dries in the air dry and comfortable to kind of shell.
After seed is dried, first by yellow soil air-dry beat thin, the sieve that is 1cm with hole, then the yellow soil wet soil that 600 times of liquid of the carbendazim that is 40% with mass percent concentration are fought each other thin sterilizes, humidity with hand pinch agglomerating, loose one's grip and scatter and be advisable; The yellow soil of general thick layer 10cm on flooring is placed the seed that one deck dries on this layer of yellow soil, at the thick yellow soil of seed upper cover 5cm, then puts second layer seed, and every layer of thickness of seed is 4～5cm; The thickness that covers yellow soil topmost can not be less than 10m, and covered with plastic film moisturizing on end face, carries out Tu Zang by seed.Through yellow soil, hide seed, germinate fast, emerge neat, anvil seedling is sturdy, graft survival rate is high, scion rudiment early, the advantage such as grafting growth is fast.
Anvil kind after Tu Zang is soaked 72 hours with the limewash of mass percent concentration 3%, and waterlogging goes out seed and dries in the air and sow to kind of shell is dry and comfortable again.
The Nutrition Soil using in described nutritious bag is comprised of mold, sawdust and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and 6:3:1 is formulated in mass ratio for they, and dress soil is to 2 dark ∕ 3 of bag.
The scion gathering, in the situation that not using immediately, puts it in 600 times of carbendazols and soaks, and after drying liquid medicine, packs in bag, tightens sack and is positioned over frescade or transports in time indoor preservation back; And every day take out and breathe freely and to put into 600 times of carbendazols and soak cooling 4～5 minutes, after drying liquid medicine, put in back in bag.Remote allocation and transportation, must sooner or later or other shady and cool time adopt fringe, every 40～50 one are bundled in base portion and tighten, and with wet foam wrapping base portion, pack in the bucket, frame that possesses moisturizing condition, and cover the foam moisturizing of wetting.Storage life can not surpass a week.
During colligation, with binding strap, become from bottom to up multiple watt of shape sealing colligation, during colligation, expose and budder.Whether same graft survival rate, grafting growth relationship are very close in a down-to-earth manner for tighten.Inspection method: gently propose scion with finger, can not come off.Finally the nursery stock grafting is flow back to seedling bed.
In order to verify technique effect of the present invention, inventor receives in grey proving ground in Guizhou Subtropical Crop Institute, in year September in July, 2011 to 2012, adopt prior art (after wild peach collection, to abandon meat and get kind, be planted in seedling bed, broadcast rear with the moisturizing of straw covering bed surface, the bud grafting of employing on July 2nd, 2012 " fourth " type) scheme and the solution of the present invention are provided with respectively two kinds of tests, in 2012, find, adopt growing seedlings of prior art, wild peach seeding ratio 56.33%, graft survival rate 68.11%, grafting per day plant height 21.43cm in September 15, adopt growing seedlings of technology of the present invention, stock seeding ratio 81.61%, graft survival rate 95.85%, grafting per day plant height 48.92cm in September 15, test effect is obvious especially.
Owing to having adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention selects the green branch of semi-lignified to do scion and cut-grafting method phase grafting for the green anvil of nutritious bag, retain stock grafting mouth with lower blade, grafting mouth and scion seal colligation with plastic tape, only expose eye, because stock, scion degree of lignification are low, histocyte is active, stock retains blade can proceed the formation of photosynthesis manufacture nutriment supply callus, the healing of growing season grafting interface is fast, so than annual anvil seedling, lignification scion resting stage grafting improves survival rate 20～30%; 8～September of grafting can Chu Pujian garden, nutritious bag seedling is planted and not to be needed beta pruning leaf-cutting and to water at rainwater season, plant seedlings and do not damage root cap, after planting, there is no seedling-slowing stage, can take out once slightly the dormancy ，Jian garden planting survival rates of just falling leaves after maturation high, seedling growth is fast, early output is high for result, and spy is applicable to the mountain region Jian Yuan of Winter-Spring arid non-irrigated condition.Improved grafting Ji Jian garden plant seedlings survival rate, shorten nursery stage, reduce the He Jian garden cost of growing seedlings, grafting time long (late April～mid-June all can grafting), be applicable to greatly the multiple effects such as scale factorial seedling growth.For peach graft seedling growth and industry development provide technical support.In order to shorten nursery stage, improve grafting, planting survival rates, reduce the Ji Jian garden cost of growing seedlings, the author carried out peach Experiment on graft reproduction since 2010, through the exploration over 4 years, work out the green branch of this green anvil cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling growing and connect new technology, from stock sowing, grafting and outplanting, only need within 6～8 months, just can complete, it has, and grafting speed is fast, survival rate is high, seedling growth is fast, growing-seedling period is short, saving of labor saves land, grafting dormancy and all can plant vegetative period, the survival rate of planting seedlings is high, be suitable for the large-scale industrialized advantage such as grow seedlings.Can shorten nursery stage more than 1 year, graft survival rate is up to more than 98%, than conventional graft seedling growth improve grafting ,Jian garden plant seedlings survival rate each 20～30%, the application of this innovative approach, can reduce cost 30～40% left and right, Ji Jian garden of growing seedlings, particularly to winter-spring season arid, the mountain region effect of establishment of non-irrigated condition is better again.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: the green branch of the green anvil of peach cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method,
1) the anvil kind processing of gathering: for cultivating the seed of stock, should select that emergence rate is high, growth is fast, wild peach or the mountain peach seed of resistance, after seed collecting, remove pulp, 1000 times of immersions of the acephatemet that is 40% with mass percent concentration bubble 1 hour (prevention fruit eats fly), waterlogging goes out seed and is put in ventilation and dries in the air dry and comfortable to kind of shell;
2) storage: yellow soil is air-dry to be beaten carefully, the sieve that is 1cm with hole, sprays 600 times of liquid wet soils sterilizations of 40% carbendazim, humidity with hand pinch agglomerating, loose one's grip and scatter and be advisable, hide and plant the first yellow soil of general thick layer 10cm on flooring, then put ground floor seed, every layer of thickness of seed 4～5cm, the yellow soil that seed upper cover 5cm is thick, put second layer seed again, analogize therewith, topmost covering yellow soil thickness can not be less than 10m, the moisturizing of upper cover plastic film, took out and sows to mid or late Febuary in next year;
3) anvil is educated in sowing: before sowing, first fill nutritious bag, and 10 * 15cm nutritious bag for, Nutrition Soil is by mold, sawdust and become thoroughly decomposed that 6:3:1 is formulated in mass ratio for cake fertilizer, dress soil is to bag 2 dark ∕ 3, and is neatly emitted on seedling bed by 10 bags of every rows; The limewash that is 3% with mass percent concentration by the anvil kind after yellow soil is hidden soaks 72 hours, waterlogging goes out seed, and cool to planting, shell is dry and comfortable can be sowed, and the joint close nutritious bag center that lies in perpendicular to the ground is met in sowing, then covers Nutrition Soil and fills and leads up sack, water permeablely, add a cover plastic film moisturizing and heat;
4) anvil seedling management: after planting 20～25 days, anvil seedling was emerged successively, removes plastic film, strengthens management, often waters, and keeps bag soil moistening, and anvil height of seedling reaches 20cm left and right, carries out in time pinching, promotes anvil stem to increase thick; Weeding: avoid weeds and sapling to strive fertilizer and strive spacial influence seedling growth and easily cause the problems such as damage by disease and insect; Fertilising: seedlings root is few, and a little less than absorbing capacity, but amount of growth is larger, needs nutritive element more, duty to execute the thin seedling fertilizer of executing; Topdress: after anvil seedling all sprouts, within every 15 days, impose once-combined fertilizer, after fertilising, water once permeable dissolving fertilizer, and keep bed soil moistening; Diseases and pests controlling: worm has aphid, availablely sprays dichlorvos or 1000 times of controls of flolimat; Disease has anthracnose, root rot, and 800 times of sprayings of available carbendazim or topsin are met continuous overcast and rainy subterranean water level and raise, and answer ditch cleaning to discharge ponding, lowering of watertable; To mid or late April anvil seedling stem footpath, reach 0.2cm and can carry out grafting above;
5) sterilize wholely: plough deeply 20～25cm wholely, weed a garden, stone riprap and root stubble, break up the clods, quicklime 750kg for per hectare, worm spirit 45kg be spread on soil table, then with rotovator, plough and sneak in soil, carry out soil disinfection processing;
6) seedbed makes: nursery planning: by wide 850cm, long 1000cm becomes groined type to cook up working path, the wide 100cm of main stem, the wide 50～60cm of by-path; Make bed: the wide 120cm of bed surface, long 1000cm, the height of bed 10～15cm, furrow width 50cm, leveling bed surface after trench digging minute bed;
7) utensil article are prepared: before grafting, first will be ready to the apparatus such as grafting workbench, binding strap (wide 0.8～1cm, long 10～15cm), grafting knife, secateurs, towel, basin;
8) scion collection: the raw semi-lignified long shoot then on clip elite stand tree crown top, branch footpath 0.2～0.3cm, blade is complete, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm, fringe bar will be wiped out the young spray section of blade and top 1/3 as early as possible after cutting, putting into clear water soaks, after drying water, pack immediately simple and easy Tibetan fringe bag into, tightening sack is positioned over frescade or transports in time indoor preservation back, preferably with adopting with connecing, with how much adopting how many, and as far as possible within the same day grafting complete; Simple and easy Tibetan fringe bag is made: use wide 100cm, thick 0.06～0.08mm agricultural film, is cut into the film section of long 120cm, and one end is turned up with restrict (band) and tightened and tie up reality, and the film that then overturns, makes bind in bag;
9) scion is preserved: exhaustless scion on the same day packs the fringe bag sealing of simple and easy Tibetan into and spreads shady and cool place, is taken out every day and breathe freely and puts into cooling water and soak and lower the temperature 4～5 minutes, after drying water, puts into the fringe bag moisturizing of simple and easy Tibetan again; Remote allocation and transportation, must sooner or later or other shady and cool time adopt fringe, every 40～50 one are bundled in base portion and tighten, and with wet foam wrapping base portion, pack in the bucket, frame that possesses moisturizing condition, and cover the foam moisturizing of wetting; Storage life can not surpass a week;
10) cut scion: from branch base portion the 2nd bud (the 1st bud is not), upwards cut and get successively, scion is held between left hand thumb and middle finger, petiole upwards, is close in forefinger tip, and at the cutter of splaying apart from the 3～3.5cm of bastem portion place, inclined-plane becomes 45 degree below; The scion of overturning is again flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, and O.5cm the long 2.5cm of bevel left and right, finally locate oblique partial application above bud point, cut-out scion, the short fringe of fringe one bud; Bevel must guarantee smooth, smooth, clean; The scion of cutting is placed on and on wet towel, turns down towel to build moisturizing standby;
11) cut anvil seedling: first nutritious bag anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, from anvil height of seedling, 10～12cm wipes out top, retain the following all blades of clip, clip scabbles with grafting knife, again from vertical partial application between xylem and cortex, deeply reach xylem, the about 2cm of incision length, is slightly shorter than scion bevel length 0.5cm;
12) grafting fringe: the long bevel of the scion of cutting is inserted to stock otch, alignment formation layer towards stock xylem, and anvil fringe thickness differs, and can simultaneously align;
13) colligation: with the binding strap of wide approximately 0.8～1cm, long 12～15cm, become from bottom to up multiple watt shape tighten sturdy.Binding method: left hand thumb and forefinger pinch stock and scion, the right hand is taken binding strap multiple watt shape colligation from bottom to up; Whether same graft survival rate, grafting growth relationship are very close in a down-to-earth manner for tighten; Inspection method: gently propose scion with finger, can not come off.Finally the nursery stock grafting is flow back to seedling bed;
14) except sprouting and weeding: about 15 days, be the critical period of grafting survival after grafting, can grow rudiment on stock, should erase in time to rudiment, otherwise can affect the sprout growth of graft survival rate and scion; 6～August, temperature high humility was large simultaneously, and weeds easily grow, and should pull out in time, in order to avoid affect grafting growth to weeds; Weeding and carrying out except sprouting simultaneously except after preemergence herbicidal, is sprayed the bordeaux mixture of 1 time 1% at every turn, and pre-disease prevention occurs, when grafting just can go out garden field planting above up to 40cm.
Claims (7)
1. the green branch of the green anvil of a peach cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) cultivation of green anvil: will be sown into the nutritious bag that Nutrition Soil is housed for cultivating the seed of stock, treat the growth of anvil seedling 2-3 month, seedling stem footpath is waited to be grafted after reaching more than 0.2cm;
2) scion collection: the raw semi-lignified long shoot then on clip elite stand tree crown top, branch footpath are 0.2～0.3cm, blade is complete, axillalry bud is full, the branch of anosis worm, and fringe bar is wiped out the young spray section of blade and top 1/3 after cutting, as scion;
3) cut scion: from branch base portion the 2nd bud of scion, upwards cut and get successively, at the cutter of splaying apart from the 3～3.5cm of bastem portion place, inclined-plane becomes 45 degree; The scion of overturning is again flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, and O.5cm the long 2.5cm of bevel left and right, finally locate oblique partial application above bud point, cut-out scion, the short fringe of fringe one bud; The scion of cutting is placed on and on wet towel, turns down towel to build moisturizing standby;
4) cut anvil seedling: nutritious bag anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, from anvil height of seedling, 10～12cm wipes out top, retain the following all blades of clip, clip scabbles with grafting knife, again from vertical partial application between xylem and cortex, deeply reach xylem, incision length 2cm, than the short 0.5cm of scion bevel length;
5) grafting fringe: the long bevel of the scion of cutting is inserted to stock otch, alignment formation layer towards stock xylem, and anvil fringe thickness differs, and adopts one side alignment;
6) colligation: with binding strap, stock and scion are carried out to colligation, the nursery stock grafting is flow back to seedling bed;
7) except sprouting and weeding: after grafting, erase growing rudiment on stock at any time, weeds are pulled out; Each removing after preemergence herbicidal, sprays the bordeaux mixture that 1 inferior quality percent concentration is 1%, and pre-disease prevention occurs; When grafting goes out garden field planting above up to 40cm.
2. the green branch of the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: before the cultivation of the green anvil described in carrying out step 1), 1000 times of liquid of the acephatemet that is first 40% with mass percent concentration soak 1 hour (prevention fruit eats fly) by seed, and waterlogging goes out seed and is put in ventilation and dries in the air dry and comfortable to kind of shell.
3. the green branch of the green anvil of peach according to claim 2 cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: after seed is dried, first by yellow soil air-dry beat thin, the sieve that is 1cm with hole, 600 times of liquid of the carbendazim that is 40% with mass percent concentration are again to the yellow soil wet soil sterilization of sieving, humidity with hand pinch agglomerating, loose one's grip and scatter and be advisable; The yellow soil of general thick layer 10cm on flooring is placed the seed that one deck dries on this layer of yellow soil, at the thick yellow soil of seed upper cover 5cm, then puts second layer seed, and every layer of thickness of seed is 4～5cm; The thickness that covers yellow soil topmost can not be less than 10m, and covered with plastic film moisturizing on end face, carries out Tu Zang by seed.
4. the green branch of the green anvil of peach according to claim 3 cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: the anvil kind after Tu Zang is soaked 72 hours with the limewash of mass percent concentration 3%, and waterlogging goes out seed and dries in the air and sow to kind of shell is dry and comfortable again.
5. the green branch of the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the Nutrition Soil using in described nutritious bag is comprised of mold, sawdust and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 6:3:1 is formulated in mass ratio for they, and dress soil is to 2 dark ∕ 3 of bag.
6. the green branch of the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the scion of collection is not in the situation that being used immediately, put it in 600 times of carbendazols and soak, after drying liquid medicine, pack in bag, tighten sack and be positioned over frescade or transport in time indoor preservation back; And every day take out and breathe freely and to put into 600 times of carbendazols and soak cooling 4～5 minutes, after drying liquid medicine, put in back in bag.
7. the green branch of the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: during colligation, with binding strap, become from bottom to up multiple watt of shape sealing colligation, during colligation, expose and budder.
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| CN106069458B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2019-10-25 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of shaddock |
| CN107691001A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-16 | 界首市方辉家庭农场 | A kind of method for improving peach graft survival rate |
| CN109315160A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-12 | 贵州普定印象朵贝农业开发有限公司 | A kind of expanding propagation method of ancient tea tree in thousand |
| CN109496576A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-22 | 慈利县九九农业开发有限公司 | The propagation method of Cortex Eucommiae |
| CN112154850A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-01 | 史宝具 | Seedling breeding method for amygdalus communis |
| CN112154850B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-08-12 | 史宝具 | Seedling breeding method for amygdalus communis |
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