CN103517719A - 抗体-药物缀合物 - Google Patents
抗体-药物缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103517719A CN103517719A CN201280015379.2A CN201280015379A CN103517719A CN 103517719 A CN103517719 A CN 103517719A CN 201280015379 A CN201280015379 A CN 201280015379A CN 103517719 A CN103517719 A CN 103517719A
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Abstract
本发明揭示一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物及制备和使用方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明整体上涉及用于治疗癌的抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物。
背景技术
抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)兼具单克隆抗体的结合特异性及化学治疗剂的效力。与发展抗肿瘤相关性标靶分子的单克隆抗体有关的技术、更有效的细胞毒性剂的用途及共价结合这些成份的化学接头的设计,在近年来已快速进展(Ducry L.,et al.Bioconjugate Chemistry,21:5-13,2010)。
极具潜力的ADC诸如SGN-75(US2009/148942)和曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)-DM1(US2009/0226465)目前正进行临床试验。然而,因考虑以其它肿瘤相关性抗原作为标靶,仍存在许多挑战。各种单克隆抗体必须被分别特征化并设计适当的接头,并且识别在递送至肿瘤细胞时仍保留其效力的适当细胞毒性剂。必须考虑癌标靶上的抗原密度,及正常组织是否表达该标靶抗原。其它考虑包括当与标靶结合时该整个ADC是否被内化、考虑可能的正常组织暴露及/或欲治疗的癌类型及分期时以选用细胞静止剂或细胞毒性剂为较佳、及连接该抗体与该载荷药物的接头是可被切割或不可切割的连接。另外,该抗体对药物基团的缀合比必须足够,且不损害该抗体的结合活性及/或该药物的效力。很明显地,ADC是复杂的生物制剂,且发展有效ADC的挑战仍然很高。
人5T4肿瘤相关性抗原是本发明的标靶抗原。最近已有数据显示,该5T4抗原以高量表达于某些高成瘤性细胞上,这些高成瘤性细胞亦称为引发肿瘤细胞(WO2010/111659)。引发肿瘤细胞显示对标准疗法的抗药性,其被认为是造成肿瘤复发及转移的原因,因此代表另一种ADC发展的障碍。
本发明的新颖的抗5T4ADC克服该些与ADC技术相关的挑战,提供能与表达5T4抗原的肿瘤细胞结合且递送足够细胞毒性药物至该等细胞的高特异性及强效的ADC,因此提供创新且有效的癌治疗。
发明内容
在一实施方式中,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物具有下式:Ab-(LU-D)p或其药学上可接受的盐,其中Ab是抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分,该抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分包含具有如SEQ ID NO:5所示的VH CDR1区、如SEQ ID NO:6所示的VH CDR2区及如SEQ ID NO:7所示的VH CDR3区的重链可变区,LU是选自顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基(maleimidocaproyl)和顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-缬氨酸(Val)-瓜氨酸(Cit)-PABA的接头单元,p是约1至约8的整数,且D是选自MMAE、MMAF和MMAD的药物单元。
本发明另提供抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中该抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分包含具有(a)如SEQ ID NO:5所示的VH CDR1区、(b)如SEQ ID NO:6所示的VH CDR2区、及(c)如SEQ ID NO:7所示的VH CDR3区的重链可变区。
本发明另提供抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中该抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分包含具有(a)如SEQ ID NO:8所示的VL CDR1区、(b)如SEQ ID NO:9所示的VL CDR2区、及(c)如SEQ ID NO:10所示的VL CDR3区的轻链可变区。
本发明另提供抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中该抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分另包含重链可变区及轻链可变区,该重链可变区具有(a)如SEQ IDNO:5所示的VH CDR1区、(b)如SEQ ID NO:6所示的VH CDR2区、及(c)如SEQ ID NO:7所示的VH CDR3区,且该轻链可变区具有(a)如SEQ IDNO:8所示的VL CDR1区、(b)如SEQ ID NO:9所示的VL CDR2区、及(c)如SEQ ID NO:10所示的VL CDR3区。
本发明另提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中该抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分包含SEQ ID NO:3的VH区及SEQ ID NO:4的VL区。
本发明另提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中该抗5T4抗体是由具有SEQ ID NO:1的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成。
本发明另提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中:(a)该抗5T4抗体是由具有SEQ ID NO:1的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成、(b)该LU是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基、(c)该药物是MMAF、及(d)p是大约4的整数。
本发明另提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中:(a)该抗5T4抗体是由具有SEQ ID NO:1的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成、(b)该LU是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-Val-Cit-PABA、(c)该药物是MMAE、及(d)p是大约4的整数。
本发明另提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中:(a)该抗5T4抗体是由具有SEQ ID NO:1的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成、(b)该LU是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-Val-Cit-PABA、(c)该药物是MMAD、及(d)p是约1至约8的整数。
本发明另提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中:(a)该抗5T4抗体是由具有SEQ ID NO:15的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成、(b)该LU是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-Val-Cit-PABA、(c)该药物是MMAE、及(d)p是约1至约8的整数。
本发明提供一种抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物,其中该抗体识别人5T4抗原上的表位,其中该表位包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的氨基酸残基173至258及282至361。
本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包含上述的抗体-药物缀合物及药学上可接受的载体。
本发明另提供一种治疗有需要治疗的患者的5T4阳性癌的方法,该方法包含对该患者施用上述的抗体-药物缀合物。
本发明另提供一种治疗5T4阳性癌的方法,其中该癌选自膀胱癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、结肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、肺癌、食道癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胰癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、胃癌和睪丸癌。
更佳地,本发明提供一种治疗5T4阳性癌的方法,其中该癌选自结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰癌和非小细胞肺癌。
本发明另提供一种用于治疗的上述的抗体-药物缀合物。
本发明另提供一种上述的抗体-药物缀合物于制造药物的用途。
本发明另提供上述的用途,其中该用途是治疗5T4阳性癌,且其中该癌选自膀胱癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、肺癌、食道癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胰癌、皮肤癌、胃癌和睪丸癌。
更佳地,本发明另提供上述的用途,其中该用途是治疗5T4阳性癌,且其中该癌选自结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰癌和非小细胞肺癌。
本发明另提供编码抗5T4抗体的核酸、包含该核酸的载体及包含该载体的宿主细胞。
本发明另提供一种制备抗5T4抗体的方法,该方法包含培养包含该上述的载体的宿主细胞及自该细胞培养物回收该抗体。
本发明另提供一种制备抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物的方法,该方法包含:(a)取得自该细胞培养物回收的抗体,(b)使该抗体经由选自顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基或顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-Val-Cit的接头单元与选自MMAE、MMAD和MMAF的药物单元化学连接,及(c)纯化该抗体-药物缀合物。
具体实施方式
本发明提供用于治疗癌的抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物。为了更清楚地了解本发明,首先定义一些术语。
本揭示内容中使用的所有氨基酸缩写是那些于37C.F.R.§1.822(B)(I)阐述的美国专利商标局接受的缩写。
“5T4”是指5T4肿瘤胎儿抗原,其为72kDa的高度糖基化的跨膜糖蛋白,该跨膜糖蛋白包含42kDa的非糖基化核心(见US5,869,053)。人5T4是表达于多种癌类型,包括膀胱癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、结肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、肺癌、食道癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胰癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、胃癌及睪丸癌。高成瘤性细胞(又称为癌干细胞或引发肿瘤细胞)已经显示具有高量的5T4表达(WO2010/111659)。本发明的抗5T4抗体包括与该人5T4抗原特异性结合的抗体(见US2007/0231333)。
“抗体”是免疫球蛋白分子,其可透过位于该免疫球蛋白分子的可变区的至少一个抗原辨认区特异性地与目标结合,诸如碳水化合物、多核苷酸、脂肪、多肽等。此处所使用的“抗体”不仅包含完整的多克隆或单克隆抗体,亦包含其任何抗原结合片段(即“抗原结合部分”)或单链、包含抗体的融合蛋白及包含抗原辨认区的免疫球蛋白分子的任何其它经修饰的构象,包括例如但不限于Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、由VH和CH1结构域组成的Fd片段、由抗体的单臂的VL和VH结构域组成的Fv片段、经分离的互补决定区(CDR)、scFv、单结构域抗体(例如鲨鱼抗体(shark antibodies)及骆驼抗体(camelid antibodies))、大型抗体(maxibodies)、迷你抗体(minibodies)、细胞内抗体(intrabodies)、双价抗体、三价抗体、四价抗体、v-NAR及bis-scFv。
抗体包括任何类型的抗体,诸如IgG、IgA或IgM(或其亚型),且该抗体不需要是任何特定类型。根据其重链的恒定区的抗体氨基酸序列,免疫球蛋白可被分成不同类型。有五种主要的免疫球蛋白类型:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG及IgM,其中某些类型可进一步分成亚型(同型),例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1和IgA2。对应不同类型的免疫球蛋白的重链恒定区分别被称为α、δ、ε、γ和μ。不同类型的免疫球蛋白的次单位结构及三维构象是广为周知。
抗体的“可变区”是指抗体轻链的可变区或抗体重链的可变区(不论单独或组合)。如该领域所知,重链及轻链的可变区各由四个架构区(FR)及连接该四个架构区的三个互补决定区(CDR)(亦称为超变异区)组成,以形成该抗体的抗原结合部分。若希望主体可变区的变异体,特别是具有CDR区以外(即架构区)的氨基酸残基取代,适当的氨基酸取代(较佳地保守性氨基酸取代)可通过比较该主体可变区与其它包含和该主体可变区相同的典范类型(canonical class)的CDR1及CDR2序列的抗体的可变区加以识别(Chothiaand Lesk,J Mol Biol196(4):901-917,1987)。当选择FR以于旁侧连接主体CDR时,例如当人源化或最佳化抗体时,源自包含该相同典范类型的CDR1及CDR2序列的抗体的FR是较佳。
可变结构域的“CDR”是位于可变区内的氨基酸残基,其是根据卡巴(Kabat)定义、柯西亚(Chothia)定义、卡巴及柯西亚二者的累积定义、AbM定义、接触定义、及/或构形定义、或该领域广为周知的任何CDR测定方法加以识别。抗体CDR可能被识别为原本由卡巴等人所定义的超变异区。见例如Kabat et al.,1992,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,5thed.,Public Health Service,NIH,Washington,D.C.。该等CDR的位置亦可能被识别为最初由柯西亚等人所描述的结构环状结构。参见例如Chothia et al.,1989,Nature342:877-883。其它其它识别CDR的方法包括“AbM定义”(其是卡巴法及柯西亚法的综合,源自利用牛津分子(Oxford Molecular)的AbM抗体模式软件(现为)),或如MacCallum et al.,1996,J.Mol.Biol.,262:732-745所述以观察到的抗原接触为基础的CDR的“接触定义”。在此处称为CDR的“构形定义”的另一方法中,CDR的位置可能被鉴别为对抗原结合造成焓贡献的残基。参见例如Makabe et al.,2008,Journal ofBiological Chemistry,283:1156-1166。其它CDR边界定义可能不严格遵守上述方法中的一者,但将与至少部分的卡巴CDR重叠,虽然它们可能根据特定残基或残基群或甚至整个CDR不显着影响抗原结合的预测或实验结果被缩短或延长。此处所使用的CDR可能指由该领域已知的任何方法(包括多种方法的组合)所定义的CDR。此处所使用的方法可利用根据这些方法中任一者所定义的CDR。以包含超过一种CDR的任何给定实施方式而言,该CDR可根据卡巴、柯西亚、延长、AbM、接触及/或构形定义中任一者加以定义。
术语“单克隆抗体”(Mab)是指源自单一细胞或细胞株的抗体,包括例如任何真核、原核或噬菌体克隆,并不是指其制备方法。较佳地,本发明的单克隆抗体存在于均质或实质上均质的族群。
白链或其片段(诸如Fv、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2)或抗体的其它抗原结合子序列)。较佳地,人源化抗体是其中源自接受者的互补决定区(CDR)的残基被源自诸如具有该所希望的特异性、亲和性及能力的小鼠、大鼠或兔等非人物种(捐赠者抗体)的CDR的残基所取代的人免疫球蛋白(接受者抗体)。
术语“嵌合抗体”是用来指其中该可变区序列是源自一物种且该恒定区序列是源自另一物种的抗体,诸如其中该可变区序列是源自小鼠抗体且该恒定区序列是源自人抗体的抗体。
本发明的抗体可利用该领域广为周知的技术制备,例如重组技术、噬菌体展示技术、合成技术或该等技术的组合、或该领域已知的其它技术(见例如Jayasena,S.D.,Clin.Chem.,45:1628-50(1999)及Fellouse,F.A.,et al,J.Mol.Biol.,373(4):924-40(2007))。
下表1及2说明用于本发明的抗体的较佳CDR。
表1
表2
本发明包括一种抗体或其抗原结合部分,该抗体或其抗原结合部分包含:
a)轻链可变区,该轻链可变区包含:
i)具有选自SEQ ID NO:8或17的氨基酸序列的LCDR1,
ii)具有选自SEQ ID NO:9或18的氨基酸序列的LCDR2,及
iii)具有选自SEQ ID NO:10或19的氨基酸序列的LCDR3,和
b)重链可变区,该重链可变区包含:
i)具有选自SEQ ID NO:5或22的氨基酸序列的HCDR1,
ii)具有选自SEQ ID NO:6或23的氨基酸序列的HCDR2,及
iii)具有选自SEQ ID NO:7或24的氨基酸序列的HCDR3。
本发明的较佳抗体或其抗原结合部分包含:
a)LCVR,其包含SEQ ID NO:8的LCDR1、SEQ ID NO:9的LCDR2及SEQ ID NO:10的LCDR3,及
b)HCVR,其包含SEQ ID NO:5的HCDR1、SEQ ID NO:6的HCDR2及SEQ ID NO:7的HCDR3。
本发明的较佳单克隆抗体在此处被称为A1(人源化抗5T4IgG1抗体)、A1-IgG4(人源化抗5T4IgG4抗体)、A3(小鼠/人嵌合抗体)、及A3hu(人源化抗5T4IgG1抗体)。编码单克隆抗体A1、A1-IgG4及A3的氨基酸序列的SEQ ID NO是提供于下表3:
表3
Mab | LC | HC | LCVR | LCDR1 | LCDR2 | LCDR3 | HCVR | HCDR1 | HCDR2 | HCDR3 |
A1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
A1-IgG4 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
A3 | 2 | 15 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
A3hu | 30 | 25 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
术语“识别抗原的抗体”及“对抗原具特异性的抗体”在此处可与术语“与抗原特异性结合的抗体”互相交换使用。
“抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物”是指抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分如此处所述的经由接头单元分子(LU)与细胞毒性药物部分(D)连接。
接头单元(LU):LU描述该抗体与该药物间的直接或间接连接。将接头连接至mAb可经由许多方式完成,诸如经由表面赖氨酸、还原偶合至经氧化的碳水化合物、及经由还原链间二硫键所释放的半胱氨酸残基。多种ADC连接系统是该领域所知,包括以腙、双硫及肽为基底的连接。
药物(D):药物是具有生物性或可检测的活性的任何物质(例如治疗剂、可检测的标记、结合剂等)及在活体内被代谢成活性剂的前药。术语“药物”及“载荷药物”可互相交换使用。在一些实施方式中,该药物是耳抑素(auristatin),诸如耳抑素E(该领域亦称的为海兔毒素(dolastatin)-10的衍生物)或其衍生物。该耳抑素可为例如由耳抑素E和酮酸形成的酯。举例来说,耳抑素E可与对乙酰基苯甲酸或苯甲酰基戊酸反应以分别产生AEB及AEVB。其它典型耳抑素包括AFP、MMAF及MMAE。示范性耳抑素的合成及结构是描述于美国专利第6,884,869、7,098,308、7,256,257、7,423,116、7,498,298及7,745,394号,各以参照方式整体纳入此处以符合所有目的。
耳抑素已经显示可干扰微管动力学及核分裂和细胞分裂,且具有抗癌活性。本发明的耳抑素与微管蛋白结合,并展示对5T4表达细胞或细胞是的细胞毒性或细胞静止效应。有一些该领域已知的不同的检测方法可被用于测定耳抑素或其形成的抗体-药物缀合物是否对所希望的细胞或细胞是展现细胞静止或细胞毒性效应。测定化合物是否与微管蛋白结合的方法是该领域所知。见例如Muller et al.,Anal.Chem2006,78,4390-4397、Hamel etal.,Molecular Pharmacology,199547:965-976、及Hamel et al.,The Journal ofBiological Chemistry,1990265:28,17141-17149。
药物或载荷药物的实例是选自DM1(美坦素(maytansine)、N2'-去乙酰基-N2'-(3-巯基-1-氧代丙基)-或N2'-去乙酰基-N2'-(3-巯基-1-氧代丙基)-美坦素)、mc-MMAD(6-顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-单甲基耳抑素-D或N-甲基-L-缬氨酰基-N-[(1S,2R)-2-甲氧基-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代-3-[[(1S)-2-苯基-1-(2-噻唑基)乙基]氨基]丙基]-1-吡咯烷基]-1-[(1S)-1-甲基丙基]-4-氧代丁基]-N-甲基-(9Cl)-L-缬氨酰胺)、mc-MMAF(顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-单甲基耳抑素F或N-[6-(2,5-二氢-2,5-二氧代-1H-吡咯-1-基)-1-氧代己基]-N-甲基-L-缬氨酰基-L-缬氨酰基-(3R,4S,5S)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基-4-(甲基氨基)庚酰基-(αR,βR,2S)-β-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-吡咯烷基丙酰基-L-苯丙氨酸)、或mc-Val-Cit-PABA-MMAE(6-顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-ValcCit-(对氨基苯甲氧基羰基)-单甲基耳抑素E或N-[[[4-[[N-[6-(2,5-二氢-2,5-二氧代-1H-吡咯-1-基)-1-氧代己基]-L-缬氨酰基-N5-(氨基羰基)-L-鸟氨酰基]氨基]苯基]甲氧基]羰基]-N-甲基-L-缬氨酰基-N-[(1S,2R)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1R,2S)-2-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯基乙基]氨基]-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基]-1-吡咯烷基]-2-甲氧基-1-[(1S)-1-甲基丙基]-4-氧代丁基]-N-甲基-L-缬氨酰胺)。DM1是微管蛋白抑制剂美坦素的衍生物,而MMAD、MMAE及MMAF是耳抑素衍生物。本发明的较佳的载荷药物是选自mc-MMAF或mc-Val-Cit-PABA-MMAE。
术语“表位”是指能被抗体的一或多个抗原结合区所辨认及结合的分子的部位。表位通常是由分子的化学活性表面基团组成,诸如氨基酸或糖侧链,且具有特定三维结构特征以及特定电荷特征。此处使用的术语“抗原性表位”是定义为多肽的一部分,该部分通过该领域广为周知的任何方法(例如习用的免疫测定法)测定可被抗体专一性结合。“非线性表位”或“构象表位”包含在抗原性蛋白质内的不连续多肽(或氨基酸),该不连续多肽(或氨基酸)被对该表位具专一性的抗体所结合。
此处所使用的术语“结合亲和性(KD)”是意图指称特定抗原-抗体交互作用的解离常数。KD是解离速率(亦称“off-rate(koff)”)对结合速率(或称“on-rate(kon)”)的比。因此,KD等于koff/kon,并以摩尔浓度(M)表示。由此可知当KD越小时,该结合的亲和性越强。因此,KD等于1μM表示相对于KD等于1nM具有微弱的结合亲和性。抗体的KD值可利用该领域完整建立的方法测定。一种用于测定抗体的KD的方法是利用表面等离子体共振(SPR),通常使用诸如系统的生物传感器系统。
此处所使用的术语“特异性结合”关于抗体与5T4抗原的间的结合且在25℃以SPR测定时该抗体以小于约30nM的KD与该5T4抗原结合。
此处所使用的“药学上可接受的盐”是指分子或大分子的药学上可接受的有机或无机盐。
术语“效力”是生物活性的测量值,可以IC50表示,或如实施例3所描述的抑制50%的5T4阳性细胞是生长所需的抗体的有效浓度。或者,效力可能指如实施例4所示的活体内肿瘤异种移植模式中测定的抗肿瘤活性。
此处所使用的术语“多核苷酸”或“核酸分子”是意图包括DNA分子及RNA分子。核酸分子可为单链或双链,但较佳是双链DNA。
编码本发明的抗体的多核苷酸可能包括下列:仅该变异体的编码序列、该变异体的编码序列及额外的编码序列诸如功能性多肽或信号或分泌性序列或原蛋白质序列、该抗体的编码序列及非编码序列诸如该抗体的编码序列的内含子或5’及/或3’非编码序列。术语“编码抗体的多核苷酸”包含包括额外的变异体的编码序列的多核苷酸,但亦包含包括额外的编码及/或非编码序列的多核苷酸。该领域已知的是,对于特定宿主细胞/表达系统而言最佳化的多核苷酸序列可轻易地得自该所欲蛋白质的氨基酸序列(见德国里根斯堡(Regensburg,Germany))。
编码本发明的抗体的多核苷酸通常将包括与该抗体编码序列可操作性连接的表达控制多核苷酸序列,包括该领域已知的天然相关性或异源性启动子区域。较佳地,该表达控制序列将为能转形或转染真核宿主细胞的载体中的真核启动子系统,但用于原核宿主的控制序列亦可被使用。一旦该载体被纳入适当宿主细胞系后,该宿主细胞在适合表达该核苷酸序列的条件下增殖,及如所欲,收集及纯化该抗体。较佳的真核细胞是包括CHO细胞系、各种COS细胞系、海拉(HeLa)细胞、骨髓瘤细胞系、经转形的B细胞、或人胚胎肾细胞系。最佳的宿主细胞系CHO细胞系。
本发明包含与5T4抗原上的特定表位结合的抗体或其抗原结合部分。该经识别的表位是非线性或构象表位,其包含在人5T4抗原(SEQ ID NO:11)的氨基酸残基173与252的间的第一接触及包含在氨基酸残基276与355的间的第二接触(见实施例7)。因此,此处所描述的CDR及重链和轻链的可变区被用来制备全长抗体以及功能性片段及类似物,其维持该采用对5T4抗原的上述表位具特异性的CDR的蛋白质的结合亲和性。
本发明的抗体的结合亲和性是利用SPR测定(实施例6)。在这些试验中,该5T4抗原以低密度固定于芯片上,抗体则流经该芯片。在芯片表面上累积的物质是经测量。此分析方法允许实时测定结合速率及解离速率二者以获得结合的亲和性(KD)。本发明的人源化抗体具有介于约0.30至约30nM、约0.30至约20nM、约0.30至约10nM、约0.5至约7nM、约1.0至约5nM、及约1.0至约3nM的KD。
药物与抗体的缀合
该药物已经或是经修饰以包括与该抗体上的缀合点具反应性的基团。举例来说,药物可通过烷化(例如该抗体的ε-氨基赖氨酸或N端)、还原胺化经氧化的碳水化合物、羟基与羧基的间转酯化、酰胺化氨基或羧基及与硫醇缀合加以连接。在一些实施方式中,与每个抗体分子缀合的药物部分的数目p介于1至8、1至7、1至6、1至5、1至4、1至3、或1至2的平均值。在一些实施方式中,p介于2至8、2至7、2至6、2至5、2至4、或2至3的平均值。在其它实施方式中,p是1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8的平均值。在一些实施方式中,p介于约1至约8、约1至约7、约1至约6、约1至约5、约1至约4、约1至约3、或约1至约2的平均值。在一些实施方式中,p介于约2至约8、约2至约7、约2至约6、约2至约5、约2至约4、或约2至约3。以可被用于缀合的化学为例,参见例如CurrentProtocols in Protein Science(John Wiley&Sons,Inc.),第15章(蛋白质的化学修饰)(该文献的揭示内容以参照方式整体纳入此处)。
举例来说,当以化学活化蛋白质导致形成游离硫醇基团时,该蛋白质可能利用巯基反应剂缀合。在一方面中,该试剂是实质上对游离硫醇基具特异性的试剂。此类试剂包括例如顺丁烯二酰亚胺、卤代乙酰胺(例如碘代乙酰胺、溴代乙酰胺或氯代乙酰胺)、卤代酯(例如碘代酯、溴代酯或氯代酯)、卤代甲基酮(例如碘代甲基酮、溴代甲基酮或氯代甲基酮)、卤化苄(例如碘化苄、溴化苄或氯化苄)、乙烯砜及吡啶基硫。
接头
该药物可通过接头与抗体连接。适当的接头包括例如可切割及不可切割的接头。可切割的接头在细胞内的条件下通常易受切割。适当的可切割性接头包括例如可被细胞内蛋白酶(诸如溶酶体蛋白酶或核内体蛋白酶)切割的肽接头。在示范性实施方式中,该接头可为双肽接头,诸如缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(val-cit)、苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(phe-lys)接头或顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸-对氨基苯甲氧基羰基(mc-Val-Cit-PABA)接头。另一接头是磺基琥珀酰亚氨基-4-[N-顺丁烯二酰亚氨基甲基]环己烷-1-羧酸酯(smcc)。磺基-smcc缀合经由顺丁烯二酰亚氨基发生,该顺丁烯二酰亚氨基与巯基(硫醇基,-SH)反应,同时其磺基-NHS酯是对一级胺有反应性(如在赖氨酸及该蛋白质或肽N端中可见)。还有另一种接头是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基(mc)。其它适当的接头包括可在特定pH或pH范围内被水解的接头,诸如腙接头。其它适当的可切割性接头包括二硫化物接头。该接头可与该抗体共价连接,该共价连接的程度使该抗体必须在细胞内被降解才能让药物被释放,例如mc接头及该类似物。
接头可包括用于与该抗体连接的基团。举例来说,接头可包括氨基、羟基、羧基或巯基反应基团(例如顺丁烯二酰亚胺、卤代乙酰胺(例如碘代乙酰胺、溴代乙酰胺或氯代乙酰胺)、卤代酯(例如碘代酯、溴代酯或氯代酯)、卤代甲基酮(例如碘代甲基酮、溴代甲基酮或氯代甲基酮)、卤化苄(例如碘化苄、溴化苄或氯化苄)、乙烯砜及吡啶基硫)。参见Wong,Chemistry ofProtein Conjugation and Cross-linking;CRC Press,Inc.,Boca Raton,1991。
免疫疗法
就免疫疗法而言,抗体可与适当的药物缀合,诸如细胞毒性剂、细胞静止剂、免疫抑制剂、放射性同位素、毒素或该类似物。缀合物可被用于抑制肿瘤细胞或癌细胞的增生、造成肿瘤细胞或癌细胞的细胞凋亡、或用于治疗患者的癌。缀合物可据此被用于不同条件以治疗动物癌症。缀合物可被用于递送药物至肿瘤细胞或癌细胞。在不受理论束缚的前提下,在一些实施方式中,缀合物与癌细胞或肿瘤相关抗原结合或相连,且缀合物及/或药物可经由受体介导的胞饮作用进入肿瘤细胞或癌细胞内。该抗原可附着于肿瘤细胞或癌细胞,或可为与该肿瘤细胞或癌细胞相连的细胞外基质蛋白质。一旦进入细胞内,缀合物内(例如在接头中)的一或多种特定肽序列被一或多种肿瘤细胞或癌细胞相关性蛋白酶水解切割,导致释放该药物。该经释放的药物随后可自由在细胞内移动以诱导细胞毒性或细胞静止或其它活性。在一些实施方式中,该药物是在肿瘤细胞或癌细胞的外与该抗体切割,该药物随后进入该细胞内或作用在该细胞表面。
癌治疗
如上所述,癌(包括但不限于肿瘤、转移或其它以不受控制的细胞生长为特征的疾病或病状)可通过施用蛋白质-药物缀合物加以治疗或预防。
在其它实施方式中,本发明提供治疗或预防癌的方法,包括对有需要治疗或预防癌的患者施用有效量的缀合物及化学治疗剂。在一些实施方式中,该化学治疗剂是指以其治疗癌尚未发现有不反应性的剂。在一些实施方式中,该化学治疗剂是指以其治疗癌已发现有不反应性的剂。该缀合物可被施用至亦接受治疗(诸如用于治疗癌的手术)的患者。在另一实施方式中,该额外的治疗方法是放射疗法。
癌的多药物疗法
治疗癌的方法包括对有需要治疗的患者施用有效量的抗体-药物缀合物及另一种是抗癌剂的治疗剂。适当的抗癌剂包括但不限于甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、紫杉醇(taxol)、L-天冬酰胺酶、巯基嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、硫鸟嘌呤、羟基脲、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、异环磷酸胺(ifosfamide)、亚硝基尿素、顺铂(cisplatin)、卡铂(carboplatin)、丝裂霉素、氮烯唑胺(dacarbazine)、甲基苄肼(procarbizine)、拓扑替康(topotecan)、氮芥子气、环磷酰胺(cytoxan)、依扥泊苷(etoposide)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil)、BCNU、伊立替康(irinotecan)、喜树碱(camptothecin)、博来霉素(bleomycin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、正定霉素(daunorubicin)、达克霉素(dactinomycin)、普卡霉素(plicamycin)、双羟葱醌(mitoxantrone)、天冬酰胺酶、长春碱(vinblastine)、长春新碱(vincristine)、长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)、太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、卡利奇霉素(calicheamicin)及多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)。
本发明的ADC可为供施用的药物组合物的形式,其是经调制成适用于经选择的施用模式,及药学上可接受的稀释剂或赋形剂,诸如缓冲剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、助溶剂、等渗剂、稳定剂、载体及该类似物。以参照方式纳入此处的Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton Pa.,18th ed.,1995提供该领域通常熟知的调制技术的概要。
这些药物组合物可通过该领域已知的可达成治疗癌的一般性目的的任何方法施用。较佳的施用途径是非口服,在此处定义为包括但不限于静脉内、肌肉内、腹腔内、皮下及关节内注射及灌注的施用模式。经施用的剂量将视接受者的年龄、健康及体重、并用治疗的种类(若有的话)、治疗频率、及所欲效应的性质而定。
在本发明的范围内的组合物包括其中ADC是以能有效达成治疗癌的所欲医学效应的量存在的所有组合物。虽然个体需求可能因每位患者而异,决定该等所有成份的有效量的理想范围是具有一般技艺的临床医师的能力范围的内。
实施例1
抗5T4ADC的制备
5T4-A1抗体药物缀合物(ADC)的制备是通过三(2-羧基乙基)膦(TCEP)部分还原该mAb,随后由经还原的Cys残基与该所欲的顺丁烯二酰亚胺端接头-载荷药物反应。特别是,5T4-A1mAb是通过添加于100mMHEPES(4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙磺酸缓冲液)pH7.0中的2.8摩尔过量的三(2-羧基乙基)膦(TCEP)及1mM二乙撑三胺五乙酸(DTPA)于37℃部分还原2小时。该所欲的接头-载荷药物随后被添加至该反应混合物,该接头-载荷药物/mAb-硫醇的摩尔比是5.5(顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-单甲基耳抑素F[mc-MMAF])或8(顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸-对氨基苯甲氧基羰基-单甲基耳抑素E[mc-Val-Cit-PABA-MMAE]),在15%体积比的二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)存在时于25℃再反应1小时。经1小时的培养期后,添加N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺(为mc-MMAF的4.5倍过量及mc-Val-Cit-PABA-MMAE的2倍过量)以加盖未反应的硫醇基,允许反应15分钟,随后添加6倍过量的L-Cys以淬灭任何未反应的接头-载荷药物。该反应混合物于磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS)pH7.4、4℃中隔夜透析,并经由SEC(AKTA explorer蛋白质纯化仪,Superdex20010/30GL管柱)纯化。该ADC随后利用大小排除层析(SEC)分析纯度,以疏水交互作用层析(HIC)及液体层析电喷洒离子化串联质谱仪(LC-ESI MS)计算载荷量,并经由UV分光光度计测定浓度。
实施例2
结合性试验
表达5T4抗原的细胞及阴性对照Raji细胞以密度500,000细胞/孔被接种至非组织培养处理的96孔盘并保存于冰上。A1及A1-IgG4抗体或A1-mcMMAF ADC的稀释液以3%牛血清白蛋白BSA于Dulbecco氏磷酸缓冲盐水(DPBS)中制备,并添加至该盘上使终浓度成为10μg/mL。孔盘随后于冰上培养1小时,然后清洗2次。二级抗体(与PE(藻红素)缀合的山羊抗人IgG Fc)经添加至孔槽。在4℃培养30分钟后,利用流式细胞分析仪测量平均荧光强度。
表4中的数据显示该A1抗体与多种5T4阳性细胞结合。表5的数据显示A1与A1-IgG4抗体以及A1-mcMMAF ADC对多种不同细胞表达类似的结合性。
表4
表5
实施例3
细胞毒性试验
表达5T4的细胞及阴性对照Raji细胞与渐增浓度的ADC一起培养。经过四天后,检测各培养的存活性。IC50值通过逻辑非线性回归计算并以ng Ab/mL表示。A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAE、A3-mcMMAF及A3-mcMMAE显示可抑制5T4表达细胞的生长(MDAMB435/5T4、MDAMB468及MDAMB361DYT2),但对5T4阴性细胞(Raji)无反应性(表6)。
表6
此外,5T4+原发性肺肿瘤37622a细胞经分离且生长于培养物中。细胞与渐增浓度的ADC一起培养。十天后,利用MTS方法检测各培养物存活性。IC50值通过逻辑非线性回归计算并以ng Ab/ml表示。A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAE、A3-mcMMAF及A3-vcMMAE抑制原发性肺肿瘤细胞生长(表7)。
表7
实施例4
皮下异种移植模式
无胸腺(裸)母鼠(或另一种免疫抑制小鼠品系)是经皮下注射MDAMB435/5T4、MDAMB361DYT2或H1975肿瘤细胞。具有分期肿瘤大约0.1至0.3克的小鼠(n=6至10只小鼠/治疗组)经静脉施用Q4Dx4的生理盐水(载体)、A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAE、A1-mcMMAD、A1-smccDM1、A3-mcMMAF、A3-vcMMAE或与mcMMAF或vcMMAE缀合的非结合性对照抗体,剂量为3mg Ab/kg。所有ADC皆根据Ab含量施用。每周至少测量一次肿瘤,其大小(mm2±SEM)是由下式计算:mm2=0.5x(肿瘤宽度2)x(肿瘤长度)。
表8中的数据显示A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAE、A1-vcMMAD、A3-mcMMAF及A3-vcMMAE抑制MDAMB435/5T4异种移植的生长,然而A1-mcMMAD及A1-smccDM1在此模式中不具活性。
表9中的数据显示A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAE、A1-vcMMAD、A1-smccDM1、A3-mcMMAF及A3-vcMMAE抑制MDAMB361DYT2异种移植的生长,然而A1-mcMMAD在此模式中不具活性。
表10中的数据显示A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAE、A1-vcMMAD、A3-mcMMAF及A3-vcMMAE抑制H1975异种移植的生长,然而A1-mcMMAD及A1-smccDM1在此模式中不具活性。
表8
GT=因大肿瘤尺寸而终止测试的组
表9
GT=因大肿瘤尺寸而终止测试的组
表10
GT=因大肿瘤尺寸而终止测试的组
或者,具有皮下建立的37622a原发性肿瘤细胞异种移植的裸鼠以剂量3mg Ab/kg的A1-mcMMAF、A1-mcMMAD、A1-vcMMAD或A3-mcMMAF经静脉注射Q4Dx4治疗,肿瘤生长于96天期间监测。表11显示相对于载体对照治疗的动物,A1-mcMMAF、A1-vcMMAD及A3-mcMMAF抑制37622a原发性肿瘤异种移植的生长,然而A1-mcMMAD在此模式中不具活性。
表11
GT=因大肿瘤尺寸而终止测试的组
非预期地,表8至11中的数据显示具有相同抗体及载荷药物但接头不同的ADC具有不同的疗效特性,即所有四个异种移植模式中的A1-mcMMAD与A1-vcMMAD。此外,该数据显示具有相同抗体及接头但具有不同载荷药物的ADC亦具有不同的疗效特性,即所有四个异种移植模式中的A1-mcMMAF与A1-mcMMAD。因此,药物MMAD通过vc接头与A1抗体连接时在所有四个异种移植模式中皆有效,但当通过mc接头连接时在任一测试的异种移植模式中皆不具活性。相反地,药物MMAF通过mc接头与A1抗体连接时在所有四个异种移植模式中皆高度有效,然而该化学相关的药物MMAD通过该相同接头与该相同的抗体连接时,在所有四个异种移植模式中皆不具活性。
还有另一项未预期的观察出现在ADC A1-smccDM1(表8至10)。此ADC对MDAMB361DYT2异种移植非常有效,但对MDAMB435/5T4及H1975异种移植不具实质疗效,即使所有异种移植皆高度表达该5T4标靶抗原。此数据显示该接头-载荷药物的疗效无法预测,即使利用该相同的高亲和性抗体或甚至使用该相同的ADC。
实施例5
抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC)
ADCC试验:
收集健康志愿者的血液至含有肝素钠的BD Vacutainer CPT细胞制备管。取人外围血液单核球(PBMC),将的重悬于检测缓冲液(RPMI1640添加10mM HEPES)成为2.5×107细胞/ml。标靶细胞(MDAMB435/5T4或MDAMB435/neo)是以密度1×104细胞/孔接种于96孔测试盘。添加A1抗体或A1-mcMMAF,随后添加人PBMC效应细胞(5×105)至孔槽中以使效应:标靶细胞比(E:T)为50:1。该检测盘于37℃培养4小时以检测ADCC活性。通过添加等体积的CytoTox-One试剂(普罗麦加(Promega)公司)以采收该盘。添加停止溶液(Promega;50ul)至各孔,测量荧光强度以定量乳酸去氢酶的释放。以阳性对照而言,每孔添加2μl的溶解缓冲液以于对照孔槽产生最大LDH释放(100%细胞毒性)。利用下式计算细胞毒性百分比:
当“实验性”对应在该等实验条件中的一者测量的信号,“效应自发性”对应仅PBMC存在时测量的信号,“标靶自发性”对应仅标靶细胞存在时测量的信号,及“标靶最大值”对应仅清洁剂溶解的标靶细胞存在时测量的信号。
A1-IgG1Ab及A1-mcMMAF相对于A1-IgG4Ab的ADCC活性显示于表12。该A1抗体及A1-mcMMAF两者显示相当的ADCC活性,表示A1-mcMMAF的ADCC活性可能促进其抗肿瘤活性。
表12
化合物 | 细胞毒性% |
A1-IgG1 | 37±8 |
A1-mcMMAF | 34±1 |
A1-IgG4 | 9±5 |
实施例6
结合亲和性
表面等离子体共振(SPR)分析是利用实施,以测定A1-IgG1及A1-IgG4与人或马来猴(cynomolgus)5T4于pH6.0及pH7.4结合的亲和常数。技术利用表面层的折射率在该huA1抗体变异体与固定在该表面层的人5T4蛋白质结合时的变化。结合通过SPR检测,即检测自表面折射的雷射光。分析信号动力学如结合速率及解离速率能区别非特异性及特异性交互作用。用于此分析的5T4蛋白质是由与人IgG1-Fc结构域融合的人或马来猴(cynomolgus)5T4胞外域组成,并以低密度(人与马来猴分别为45.1及45.4RU)固定于CM5芯片上以正确测量亲和常数。
与该5T4胞外域的特异性结合的测量是通过减去与参考表面的结合获得,该参考表面是只有人IgG1-Fc蛋白质以和该5T4-Fc表面上固定的相同密度固定于CM5芯片上。随后,于HBS-EP pH7.4或MES-EP pH6.0缓冲液中的不同浓度的A1、A1-IgG4或A3抗体被注射至该表面。该表面在注射周期的之间利用甘胺酸pH1.7+0.05%表面活性剂P20(GE医疗集团,BR-1000-54)再生二次。
结果显示使用低密度5T4表面于pH6.0及pH7.4时,A1相对于A1-IgG4具有稍微较高的对人5T4的亲和性(分别为1.5倍及1.2倍,表13)。此外,A1于pH6.0及pH7.4时皆比A1-IgG4展现稍微较佳的对马来猴5T4的结合(分别为1.7倍及1.2倍),且A1及A1-IgG4二者与人5T4的结合皆高于马来猴5T4的结合3至4倍(表12)。
表13
抗体 | 抗原 | pH | ka(1/Ms) | kd(1/s) | KD(nM) |
A1-IgG1 | hu5T4 | 6.0 | 4.31E+05 | 4.59E-04 | 1.06 |
A1-IgG4 | hu5T4 | 6.0 | 6.26E+05 | 8.93E-04 | 1.43 |
A1-IgG1 | cyno5T4 | 6.0 | 2.33E+05 | 6.41E-04 | 2.76 |
A1-IgG4 | cyno5T4 | 6.0 | 2.02E+05 | 9.50E-04 | 4.70 |
A1-IgG1 | hu5T4 | 7.4 | 2.75E+05 | 1.32E-04 | 0.48 |
A1-IgG4 | hu5T4 | 7.4 | 3.28E+05 | 1.72E-04 | 0.52 |
A1-IgG1 | cyno5T4 | 7.4 | 1.51E+05 | 2.73E-04 | 1.80 |
A1-IgG4 | cyno5T4 | 7.4 | 1.81E+05 | 3.82E-04 | 2.11 |
比较A1及A3抗体,很明显地该A1抗体与人及马来猴5T4的结合在pH7.4时优于pH6.0时,然而该A3抗体在pH6.0时展现相对于pH7.4时增进的结合(表14)。
表14
抗体 | 抗原 | pH | ka(1/Ms)on | kd(1/s)off | KD(nM) |
A1 | hu5T4 | 6.0 | 4.31E+05 | 4.59E-04 | 1.06 |
A3 | hu5T4 | 6.0 | 3.51E+05 | 4.17E-05 | 0.12 |
A1 | cyno5T4 | 6.0 | 2.33E+05 | 6.41E-04 | 2.76 |
A3 | cyno5T4 | 6.0 | 4.58E+05 | 1.87E-04 | 0.41 |
A1 | hu5T4 | 7.4 | 2.75E+05 | 1.32E-04 | 0.48 |
A3 | hu5T4 | 7.4 | 1.79E+05 | 3.06E-05 | 0.17 |
A1 | cyno5T4 | 7.4 | 1.51E+05 | 2.73E-04 | 1.80 |
A3 | cyno5T4 | 1.98E+05 | 1.62E-04 | 0.82 | 1.98E+05 |
实施例7
利用5T4嵌合物进行表位定位
为了识别A1及A3抗体结合的表位,利用暂时表达于COS-1细胞中的(1)5T4胞外域Fc构建体及(2)人/小鼠5T4嵌合物构建体实施酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)。该胞外域包括氨基端区域、二个富含亮氨酸的重复及介于其间的亲水区。小鼠及大鼠5T4胞外域包含在其亲水性区域内的6个氨基酸直接重复。
包含5T4胞外域及源自人IgG1的Fc恒定区的融合蛋白质是利用人5T4(氨基酸1-355)、小鼠5T4(氨基酸1-361)、大鼠5T4(氨基酸1-361)、马来猴5T4(氨基酸1-355)、黑猩猩5T4(氨基酸1-355)及黑尾狨猴5T4(氨基酸1-355)制备。与人/小鼠5T4嵌合性构建体的结合结果列于表15,其显示A1及A3抗体的特异性结合、部分结合或缺乏结合。
表15是指抗体与不同的人/小鼠嵌合体的结合能力,该名称是由小鼠5T4内容命名。当未观察到结合时,这表示此为该抗体与人5T4结合之处,因为这些抗体不与小鼠5T4结合。举例来说,A3抗体具有最多的N端结合表位(介于83-163的间),结果显示其与残基83-163经小鼠5T4取代的5T4嵌合体缺乏结合,因此A3无法与的结合。根据这些结果,可以得知人源化A1抗体与人5T4在氨基酸残基173及252的间具有第一接触,与人5T4在氨基酸残基276及355的间具有第二接触。该A3抗体与人5T4的介于氨基酸残基83至163的间的第一富含亮氨酸重复区结合。该氨基酸残基的数目对应SEQ ID NO:11的人5T4抗原氨基酸序列。
表15
实施例8
比较A1-mcMMAF ADC与A1-IgG4-CM ADC
比较A1-mcMMAF与A1-IgG4-AcBut卡利奇霉素(calicheamicin)(A1-IGG4-CM)的安全性及疗效。A1-4-CM是由A1-IgG4抗体与接头AcBut[-(4’乙酰基苯氧基)丁酸]缀合至卡利奇霉素载荷药物组成。卡利奇霉素是一种有效的抗肿瘤剂,其是源自细菌棘孢小单孢菌(Micromonosporaechinospora)的烯二炔抗生素类。
A1Ab、A1-IgG4Ab、A1-mcMMAF ADC及A1-IgG4-CM ADC的细胞结合活性是利用数种5T4阳性细胞是比较(见实施例2,表5)。数据显示在A1抗体、A1-IgG4抗体及A1-mcMMAF ADC观察到类似的结合性,它们皆对所有测试的5T4阳性细胞具有相对于A1-IgG4-CM更高的平均荧光强度。
A1-mcMMAF及A1-IgG4-CM于MDAMB435/5T4皮下异种移植模式中并行测试。二种ADC皆于肿瘤体积到达大约200mm2时经静脉给予(Q4dx2)。剂量3mg/kg的A1-IgG4-CM的抗肿瘤活性与以10mg/kg的剂量施用的A1-mcMMAF的抗肿瘤活性类似(表16)。根据这些结果,A1-IgG4-CM的抗肿瘤活性大约高出A1-mcMMAF3.3倍。
表16
可预期的是,A1-IgG4-CM相对于A1-mcMMAF高3.3倍的效力可被解读为A1-mcMMAF在动物毒性试验中的安全范围是A1-IgG4-CM的安全范围的3.3倍。然而,当回顾A1-IgG4-CM于马来猴(cynomolgus macque)中的安全性时,可得知A1-IgG4-CM在马来猴中的毒性至少高出A1-mcMMAF100倍。当A1-IgG4-CM是以0.032、0.095及0.32mg Ab/kg/周期(2、6、20μg的卡利奇霉素/kg/周期)施用至公马来猴(n=3)及母马来猴(n=3)时,各种剂量皆观察到毒性。在施用2个周期(2剂)后,0.095治疗组的6只动物中的4只被安乐死或发现死亡。相反地,在高达10mg/kg剂量的A1-mcMMAF组(247μg mcMMAF/kg/周期),在2次周期(2剂)后的相同的4周期间并未观察到任何死亡。总结来说,当二者皆施用两次至马来猴于4周观察期间,10mg/kg剂量组的A1-mcMMAF是安全的,然而0.096mg/kg剂量组的A1-IgG4-CM被认为具有毒性。
非预期地,这些结果显示A1-mcMMAF的安全范围是A1-IgG4-CM的安全范围的105倍(10/0.095=105),而不是根据各ADC的相对抗肿瘤效力所预期的3.3倍安全范围。此数据显示利用针对相同抗原标靶的抗体但与不同的载荷药物缀合的抗体-药物缀合物具有无法预测的特性。
实施例9
A1-mcMMAF小鼠PK/PD模式及临床剂量预测
PK/PD模式已被用于小鼠异种移植试验以量化A1-mcMMAF的肿瘤反应,以测定对不同细胞的有效浓度。此处使用的通过区室(transitcompartment)肿瘤杀灭PK/PD模式先前是由Simeoni等人描述(Simeoni et al,Cancer Res,64:1094,(2004))。该模式已被改良以应用于肿瘤的线性、指数及S型曲线生长及药物的饱和杀灭。PK/PD模式参数包括:
该PK/PD模式结果用于计算肿瘤静止浓度(TSC,算式1)。此为当肿瘤生长速率等于肿瘤死亡速率且肿瘤体积维持不变时的药物浓度。TSC可被定义为疗效所需的最小浓度。TSC是用于给予临床剂量选择的参考,浓度需大于(>)TSC以求临床上的疗效。
以A1-mcMMAF而言,小鼠PK于分开的试验测定(3mg/kg IV,无胸腺nu/nu母鼠)。小鼠异种移植试验系利用3种不同的5T4细胞完成,每四天施用剂量介于1至30mg/kg的A1-mcMMAF:细胞系MDAMB435/5T4(剂量1、3、10及30mg/kg)、细胞系H1975(剂量1、3及10mg/kg)及细胞系37622A(剂量1及10mg/kg)。PK/PD模式如下述实施,TSC如表17所示。
各异种移植细胞系的小鼠PK/PD参数是与A1-mcMMAF的预期人PK结合以模拟达成临床疗效所需的剂量。利用此方法,A1-mcMMAF具有约0.22至约2.3mg/kg Q3周[每三周]的预期最小有效临床剂量(表17)。
在本发明的实施方式中,剂量范围可为每三周施用约0.18mg/kg至约2.7mg/kg、约0.22mg/kg至约2.6mg/kg、约0.27mg/kg至约2.5mg/kg、约0.32mg/kg至约2.3mg/kg、约0.37mg/kg至约2.15mg/kg、约0.42mg/kg至约2.10mg/kg、约0.47mg/kg至约2.05mg/kg、约0.52mg/kg至约2.00mg/kg、约0.57mg/kg至约1.95mg/kg、约0.62mg/kg至约1.90mg/kg、约0.67mg/kg至约1.85mg/kg、约0.72mg/kg至约1.80mg/kg、约0.82mg/kg至约1.70mg/kg、约0.92mg/kg至约1.60mg/kg、约1.02mg/kg至约1.50mg/kg、约1.12mg/kg至约1.40mg/kg、或约1.20mg/kg至约1.30mg/kg。较佳地,剂量范围可为约0.22mg/kg至约2.3mg/kg。
算式1
1.1
若
1.2
若
表17
序列表
SEQ ID NO:1人源化A1人IgG1重链
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGYTFTNFGMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVAWINTNTGEPRYAEEFKG
RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDWDGAYFFDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAP
SSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQ
TYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCV
VVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKAL
PAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTT
PPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
SEQ ID NO:2人源化A1人kappa轻链
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQSVSNDVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYFATNRYTGVPSRFSGSG
YGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQDYSSPWTFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASV
VCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTH
QGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
SEQ ID NO:3A1-VH
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGYTFTNFGMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVAWINTNTGEPRYAEEFKG
RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDWDGAYFFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
SEQ ID NO:4A1-VL
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQSVSNDVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYFATNRYTGVPSRFSGSG
YGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQDYSSPWTFGQGTKVEIK
SEQ ID NO:5A1-HG CDR1
NFGMN
SEQ ID NO:6A1-HC CDR2
WINTNTGEPRYAEEFKG
SEQ ID NO:7A1-HC CDR3
DWDGAYFFDY
SEQ ID NO:8A1-LC-CDR1
KASQSVSNDVA
SEQ ID NO:9A1-LC-CDR2
FATNRYT
SEQ ID NO:1OA1-LC-CDR3
QQDYSSPWT
SEQ ID NO:11人5T4抗原
MPGGCSRGPAAGDGRLRLARLALVLLGWVSSSSPTSSASS
FSSSAPFLASAVSAQPPLPDQCPALCECSEAARTVKCVNR
NLTEVPTDLPAYVRNLFLTGNQLAVLPAGAFARRPPLAEL
AALNLSGSRLDEVRAGAFEHLPSLRQLDLSHNPLADLSPF
AFSGSNASVSAPSPLVELILNHIVPPEDERQNRSFEGMVV
AALLAGRALQGLRRLELASNHFLYLPRDVLAQLPSLRHLD
LSNNSLVSLTYVSFRNLTHLESLHLEDNALKVLHNGTLAE
LQGLPHIRVFLDNNPWVCDCHMADMVTWLKETEVVQGKDR
LTCAYPEKMRNRVLLELNSADLDCDPILPPSLQTSYVFLG
IVLALIGAIFLLVLYLNRKGIKKWMHNIRDACRDHMEGYH
YRYEINADPRLTNLSSNSDV
SEQ ID NO:12人源化A1人IgG4m重链
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGYTFTNFGMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVAWINTNTGEPRYAEEFKG
RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDWDGAYFFDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAP
CSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTK
TYTCNVDHKPSNTKVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVD
VSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSS
IEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPV
LDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK
SEQ ID NO:13A1人IgG4mVH(A1-IGG4-VH)
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGYTFTNFGMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVAWINTNTGEPRYAEEFKG
RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARDWDGAYFFDYWGQGTLVTVSS
SEO ID NO:14A1-IgG4-VH-CDR1
NFGMN
SEQ ID NO:15嵌合A3重链(muA3-huIgG1)
EVQLVESGGGLVQPKGSLKLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKSNNYATYYADSV
KDRFTISRDDSQSMLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRQWDYDVRAMNYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFP
LAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSL
GTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV
TCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSN
KALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNY
KTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
SEQ ID NO:16嵌合A3VH
EVQLVESGGGLVQPKGSLKLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKSNNYATYYADSV
KDRFTISRDDSQSMLYLQMNNLKTEDTAMYYCVRQWDYDVRAMNYWGQGTLVTVSS
SEQ ID NO:17嵌合A3VH-CDR1
TYAMN
SEQ ID NO:18嵌合A3VH-CDR2
RIRSKSNNYATYYADSVKD
SEQ ID NO:19嵌合A3VH-CDR3
OWDYDVRAMNY
SEQ ID NO:20嵌合A3轻链(muA3-huKappa)
DIVMTQSHIFMSTSVGDRVSITCKASQDVDTAVAWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYWASTRLTGVPDRFTGSG
SGTDFTLTISNVQSEDLADYFCQQYSSYPYTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASV
VCLLNNTYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTH
QGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
SEQ ID NO:21嵌合A3VL
DIVMTQSHIFMSTSVGDRVSITCKASQDVDTAVAWYQQKPGQSPKLLIYWASTRLTGVPDRFTGSG
SGTDFTLTISNVQSEDLADYFCQQYSSYPYTFGQGTKLEIK
SEO ID NO:22嵌合A3VL-CDR1
KASQDVDTAVA
SEQ ID NO:23嵌合A3VL-CDR2
WASTRLT
SEQ ID NO:24嵌合A3VL-CDR3
QQYSSYPYT
SEQ ID NO:25人源化A3人IgG1重链
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKSNNYATYYADSV
KDRFTISRDDAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCVRQWDYDVRAMNYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFP
LAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSL
GTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV
TCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSN
KALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNY
KTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
SEQ ID NO:26人源化A3VH
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNTYAMNWVRQAPGKGLEWVARIRSKSNNYATYYADSV
KDRFTISRDDAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCVRQWDYDVRAMNYWGQGTLVTVSS
SEQ ID NO:27人源化A3VH-CDR1
TYAMN
SEQ ID NO:28人源化A3VH-CDR2
RIRSKSNNYATYYADSVKD
SEQ ID NO:29人源化A3VH-CDR3
QWDYDVRAMNY
SEQ ID NO:30人源化A3人kappa轻链
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVDTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYWASTRLTGVPSRFSGSG
SGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYSSYPYTFGQGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASV
VCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTH
QGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
SEQ ID NO:31人源化A3VL
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVDTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYWASTRLTGVPSRFSGSG
SGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYSSYPYTFGQGTKLEIK
SEQ ID NO:32人源化A3VL-CDR1
KASQDVVTAVA
SEQ ID NO:33人源化A3VL-CDR2
WASTRLT
SEQ ID NO:34人源化A3VL-CDR3
QQYSSYPYT
Claims (21)
1.一种下式的抗体-药物缀合物:
Ab-(LU-D)p
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
(a)Ab是抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分包含具有下列的重链可变区:
(i)如SEQ ID NO:5所示的VH CDR1区,
(ii)如SEQ ID NO:6所示的VH CDR2区,及
(iii)如SEQ ID NO:7所示的VH CDR3区,
(b)LU是选自顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基和顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-Val-Cit的接头单元,
(c)p是约1至约8的整数,且
(d)D是选自MMAE、MMAD和MMAF的药物单元。
2.如权利要求1的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分包含具有下列的轻链可变区:
(a)如SEQ ID NO:8所示的VL CDR1区,
(b)如SEQ ID NO:9所示的VL CDR2区,及
(c)如SEQ ID NO:10所示的VL CDR3区。
3.如权利要求1或2的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分还包含:
1)重链可变区,所述重链可变区具有:
(a)如SEQ ID NO:5所示的VH CDR1区,
(b)如SEQ ID NO:6所示的VH CDR2区,及
(c)如SEQ ID NO:7所示的VH CDR3区,
2)轻链可变区,所述轻链可变区具有:
(a)如SEQ ID NO:8所示的VL CDR1区,
(b)如SEQ ID NO:9所示的VL CDR2区,及
(c)如SEQ ID NO:10所示的VL CDR3区。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分包含SEQ ID NO:3的VH区及SEQ ID NO:4的VL区。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述抗5T4抗体或其抗原结合部分由具有SEQ ID NO:1的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述抗体或其抗原结合部分识别人5T4抗原上的表位,其中所述表位包含SEQ ID NO:11的氨基酸序列的氨基酸残基173至258及282至361。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述LU是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,其中所述药物是MMAF。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,其中p是约1至约4的整数。
10.如权利要求1的抗体-药物缀合物,其中:
(a)所述抗5T4抗体由具有SEQ ID NO:1的重链及具有SEQ ID NO:2的轻链组成,
(b)所述LU是顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基,
(c)所述药物是MMAF,且
(d)p是4。
11.一种药物组合物,其包含如权利要求1至10中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物及药学上可接受的载体。
12.一种治疗需要该治疗的患者中5T4阳性癌的方法,包括对所述患者施用权利要求1至11中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物。
13.如权利要求12的方法,其中所述癌选自结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胰癌和非小细胞肺癌。
14.一种如权利要求1至11中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物,用于治疗。
15.一种如权利要求1至11中任一项的抗体-药物缀合物在制备药物中的用途。
16.如权利要求14或15的用途,其中所述用途是用于治疗5T4阳性癌。
17.一种核酸,其编码如权利要求1至6中任一项的抗5T4抗体。
18.一种载体,其包含如权利要求17的核酸。
19.一种宿主细胞,其包含如权利要求18的载体。
20.一种用于制备抗体的方法,其包括培养如权利要求19的宿主细胞及从培养物回收抗体。
21.一种用于制备抗5T4抗体-药物缀合物的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)化学连接选自顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基或顺丁烯二酰亚氨基己酰基-Val-Cit的接头单元与选自MMAE、MMAD或MMAF的药物单元,
(b)将所述接头-药物与从权利要求20的细胞培养物回收的抗体缀合,及
(c)纯化所述抗体-药物缀合物。
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