CN1035042C - 催化工艺用的贵金属透气网的制造方法 - Google Patents

催化工艺用的贵金属透气网的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1035042C
CN1035042C CN92101748A CN92101748A CN1035042C CN 1035042 C CN1035042 C CN 1035042C CN 92101748 A CN92101748 A CN 92101748A CN 92101748 A CN92101748 A CN 92101748A CN 1035042 C CN1035042 C CN 1035042C
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palladium
rhodium
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platinum
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西格弗里德·布拉斯
霍斯特·杜伯尔
托马斯·斯托尔
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    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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    • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • C01B21/26—Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia
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Abstract

采用含4-12%铑或含4-12%钯和铑的铂丝，以及采用含2-15%镍或含2-15%铜或含2-15%镍和铜的钯丝编织圆形金属网，该金属网用作氨气氧化时的催化剂和铂族金属的回收网，上述金属丝的直径为50-120μm，拉伸强度为900-1050N/mm2，弹性极限为0.5-3%。使用每英寸7-14针而弯纱深度(线圈长度)为2-6mm的横机。

Description

催化工艺用的贵金属透气网的制造方法
本发明涉及催化工艺用的或回收铂族金属用的贵金属透气网的制造方法，具体涉及催化空气氧化氨气的透气网的制造，或回收在催化氨气氧化的过程中挥发的铂族金属的透气网的制造，该法利用针织机编织铂或钯合金丝。
以透气网的形式使用贵金属催化剂是一种既定的方法，它可以控制某些催化过程，得到最好的产率。众所周知的例子是制造硝酸过程中氧化氨气时使用了铂-铑催化剂网。
网形的催化剂与其他形状的催化剂相比有很多优点。例如，网状形式具有较大的表面展度和较高的机械强度。为了加工具有催化活性的金属和合金，厂家在拉丝和织金属丝方面已经建立了生产方法。首先，在织机上将这些催化剂网织成卷筒形式，然后再根据氧化装置的大小，将这些网剪成一定尺寸的圆形网。这就形成了需要再加工的大量累积的贵金属废料。
然而网形结构有其优点，由于其环形结构，它们形成了均匀的金属丝结构和允许反应气体自由通过的网孔。
这种网没有不均匀性，例如没有会影响气体均匀流动的焊缝形式的不均匀性。
以这种方式制作的网也可用来回收贵金属，例如回收氧化的氨气时挥发的贵金属。在反应过程中从铂-铑催化剂网上挥发的大部分贵金属将聚积在钯合金网上。
这样织成的网由于其生产工艺的原因而具有许多缺点，这些缺点包括由于装备织机而需要时间，网要织成相当的长度，而要从长方形的卷筒网剪成圆形网，会产生约35％的废料。
由于较长的织机装备时间、较高的废料率，而且在织机上留有大量的昂贵金属，占用大量的资金，因而生产成本高。
也可以用其它形式的透气结构来替代这种织的网。例如已知有带孔的金属箔和金属纤维非织品(DE-PS1594716)，金属毡(DE-PS2829035)和折叠式管状丝网(DE-OS2248811)。
但是这些构型在实践中从没有得到成功的应用，主要是因为这些构型对反应区的气流条件产生坏的影响。
最近又有人提到关于氧化氨气时回收贵金属的编织网(EP-PS-0077121)。但是没有提供其形状或生产的细节。
EP-OS0364153说明了贵金属合金网的制造方法，该合金网具体用于催化氨气氧化和回收贵金属，在该方法中，利用天然纤维或合成材料制作的辅助线在针织机上编织贵合金丝。对于单位面积重量超过200g/m2，不用辅助线便不能将纯的贵金属合金丝编织起来，因为在编织过程中合金丝易断线，合金丝的拉伸强度、丝的直径、材料的延展性和表面摩擦系数据说都起着作用。在编织工艺中加辅助线的缺点是网在使用之前必须除去辅助线。可以用燃烧的方法或溶解的方法除去辅助线。但这两种方法都很复杂，而且还可能污染合金，使其催化活性和回收能力恶化。
因此，本发明解决的问题是提供一种制造催化工艺用的贵金属透气网的方法，该透气网具体用于催化氨气氧化或回收在催化氨气氧化过程中挥发的铂族金属，该法利用针织机编织铂或钯合金丝，在该透气网中不需要织入辅助线，而且还可以达到某些特殊催化工艺要求的大于300g/m2的单位面积重量。
根据本发明，解决此问题的方法的特征在于，采用含铑4-12％(重量百分数，下同)的铂-铑合金丝或含4-12％钯和铑的铂-钯-铑合金丝，或采用含2-15％镍的钯-镍合金丝或含铜2-15％的钯-铜合金丝或含2-15％镍和铜的钯一镍-铜合金丝，合金丝的直径为5-120μm，拉伸强度Rm为900-1050N/mm2，弹性极限A为0.5-3％；其特征还在于，采用具有7-14(每英寸的针数)的机号和2-6mm的弯纱深度(线圈长度)的横机。
在很多情况下，最好将两根或多根合金丝合在一起进行编织。
假如遵守这些合金丝和针织机的参数，便可以利用例如含铑10％(重量百分数)的铂-铑丝或含镍5％(重量百分数)的钯-镍丝，编织出具有良好形状的圈弧的合金丝网而完全不用辅助线，这种网用在气流中时不会产生任何不均匀性。
在编织过程中没有察觉到或并没有发生合金丝断线。而且还可以容易达到大于300g/m2的单位面积重量。
采用横机另外的优点是，编织的网可以直接作成最终的尺寸，即作成氧化装置要求的准确的直径，因此不会积存留待随后再处理的贵金属废料，不像通常用织好的网再剪成圆形网那样要积存大量废料。
下列例子用来说明本发明：
1.应用每英寸12针的横机制造氧化氨气用的2300mm直径的圆形催化剂网。网用76μm直径的90％铂-10％铑的合金丝编织，使用合金丝双线编织。合金丝的拉伸强度为930N/mm2，弹性极限为1％。在编织时的弯纱深度为2.8mm。网的单位面积重量约为600g/m2。该网用在氨气氧化装置中得到了极好的效果。
2.应用每英寸10针的双针床横机制造氧化氨气用的圆形回收网。合金丝的成分是钯95％和镍5％，直径90μm，拉伸强度920N/mm2，弹性极限1％。编织时的弯纱深度是3.9mm。当使用双线形式的合金丝时，可织出单位面积重量为500g/m2、直径为3700mm的网。该网在氨气氧化装置中对铂族金属的回收能力至少和相应的织网一样高。

Claims (2)

1.一种制造催化工艺用的贵金属透气网的方法，该透气网用于催化氨气氧化或回收在催化氨气氧化过程中挥发的铂族金属，该方法使用针织机编织铂或钯合金丝，该方法的特征在于：采用含铑4-12％(重量百分数，下同)的铂-铑合金丝或含4-12％钯和铑的铂-钯-铑合金丝，或采用含2-15％镍的钯-镍合金丝或含铜2-15％的钯-铜合金丝或含2-15％镍和铅的钯-镍-铜合金丝，合金丝的直径为50-120μm，拉伸强度Rm为900-1050N/mm2，弹性极限A为0.5-3％；和采用具有7-14(每英寸的针数)的机号和2-6mm的弯纱深度(线圈长度)的横机；以及针织时不需要织入辅助线而织出单位面积重量大于300g/m2的透气网。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将两根或多根合金丝合在一起进行编织。
CN92101748A 1991-03-16 1992-03-14 催化工艺用的贵金属透气网的制造方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1035042C (zh)

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DE202024101437U1 (de) 2024-03-22 2024-03-28 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Gestrickte Netzpackung für die Ammoniakumsetzung

Citations (3)

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EP0077121A2 (en) * 1981-08-12 1983-04-20 Engelhard Corporation Method for recovering platinum in a nitric acid plant
EP0364153A1 (en) * 1988-10-12 1990-04-18 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Metal fabrics

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DE2829035A1 (de) * 1978-07-01 1980-01-10 Heraeus Gmbh W C Katalysator aus metallfasern, verfahren zur herstellung des katalysators und verwendung des katalysators
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DE3781629T2 (de) * 1986-08-06 1993-02-18 Engelhard Corp Platin-beschichtete platin- und rhodium-katalysatorfasern, ihre herstellung und verwendung zur oxydation von ammoniak.

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US3881877A (en) * 1971-10-05 1975-05-06 Matthey Bishop Inc Catalyst supporting screen
EP0077121A2 (en) * 1981-08-12 1983-04-20 Engelhard Corporation Method for recovering platinum in a nitric acid plant
EP0364153A1 (en) * 1988-10-12 1990-04-18 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Metal fabrics

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HU211812B (en) 1995-12-28
YU24892A (sh) 1994-06-10
AU1291792A (en) 1992-09-17
MX9201108A (es) 1992-12-21
FI921093A0 (fi) 1992-03-13
CS75792A3 (en) 1992-10-14
BG60171B2 (bg) 1993-11-30
NO920986L (no) 1992-09-17
IL101187A0 (en) 1992-11-15
PL166988B1 (pl) 1995-07-31
HU9200872D0 (en) 1992-05-28
DE59200009D1 (de) 1993-09-30
EP0504723A1 (de) 1992-09-23
PL293835A1 (en) 1993-03-08
KR920017714A (ko) 1992-10-21
AU644725B2 (en) 1993-12-16
ATE93410T1 (de) 1993-09-15
JPH0564746A (ja) 1993-03-19
DK0504723T3 (da) 1993-11-29
ES2046903T3 (es) 1994-02-01
NO920986D0 (no) 1992-03-13
HUT63589A (en) 1993-09-28
CA2063041A1 (en) 1992-09-17
CN1065027A (zh) 1992-10-07
BG60171B1 (bg) 1993-12-27
DE4206199C1 (zh) 1992-11-12
TR26402A (tr) 1995-03-15
BR9200886A (pt) 1992-11-17
NO300671B1 (no) 1997-07-07
RU2017520C1 (ru) 1994-08-15
EP0504723B1 (de) 1993-08-25
FI921093A (fi) 1992-09-17

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