CN103499978A - Photovoltaic automatic sun-tracking control system and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic automatic solar tracking control system, which includes a base that moves synchronously with photovoltaic panels, a base drive module, a base control module, and a central control module. A vertical pole is installed vertically upward at the center of the base. A photosensitive circle is coaxially installed on the surface of the base outside the pole and the pole, and the photosensitive circle is spaced apart from the outer edge of the pole. In the present invention, the position of the base is constantly adjusted, and finally the shadow of the vertical pole falls in the above-mentioned photosensitive circle. At this time, the base is considered to be perpendicular to the sunlight. Since the photovoltaic panel and the base are linked, it is considered that the photovoltaic panel and the base are connected at this time. The sunlight is vertical, the overall structure is simple, the position of the sun can be continuously tracked, the precision is adjustable, and the cost is low.

Description

A photovoltaic automatic sun tracking control system and its application method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar tracking technology for photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic automatic solar tracking control system and a use method thereof.

Background technique

Solar photovoltaic power generation uses the photovoltaic effect to directly convert the sunlight irradiated on the surface of the semiconductor into electrical energy. It has the advantages of cleanliness, no noise, and can be combined with buildings. Open, and photovoltaic power generation cost reduction and efficiency improvement, photovoltaic power generation system will become more and more popular. The photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic panel, a controller and an inverter. The photovoltaic panel converts sunlight into electrical energy output, and then enters the power grid after being transformed by the inverter. The controller is responsible for coordinating the normal work of the whole. The photovoltaic panel can adopt a fixed angle The structure can also adopt the structure of chasing the sun, that is, the photovoltaic panel moves with the rotation of the sun to keep the sunlight basically irradiating the semiconductor device vertically, which improves the power generation efficiency. At present, the solar tracking control technology at home and abroad is generally not very mature, and generally cannot guarantee the stable and reliable operation of the entire system, and the complexity is relatively high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a photovoltaic automatic sun-tracking control system with reasonable structure and easy operation.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A photovoltaic automatic solar tracking control system, characterized in that it includes a base that moves synchronously with the photovoltaic panel, a base drive module, a base control module, and a central control module, and a vertical pole is installed vertically upward at the center of the base, A photosensitive ring is installed coaxially with the vertical pole on the surface of the base outside the pole, the photosensitive circle is spaced apart from the outer edge of the pole, and a base driving module for base movement is installed at the bottom of the base, the base driving module The control end of the base control module is connected to the control instruction output end of the base control module, the input end of the base control module is connected to a control instruction output end of the central control module, and the input end of the central control module is connected to a plurality of current sampling modules Each current sampling module forms a series branch with a photoresistor in the photosensitive circle, and multiple series branches are connected in parallel to each other and connected to both ends of the power supply. The other control command output of the central control module is connected to The photovoltaic drive module used for the movement of photovoltaic panels, the base drive module is a two-axis sun tracking mechanism or a hydraulic rod mechanism.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a photovoltaic automatic solar tracking control system, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

(1) The central control module reads the output current of each current sampling module;

(2) When any output current is zero, it is considered that the shadow of the vertical pole blocks the photosensitive circle, and the current through the series branch is zero to determine which area the shadow is on the base;

(3) The central control module controls the movement of the base to the area where the shadow is located, so that the shadow moves to the center of the base;

⑷Repeat steps ⑴～⑶until all output currents are non-zero, then the shadow of the pole is considered to be within the photosensitive circle, and the photovoltaic panel linked with the base is perpendicular to the sun, completing the solar tracking control.

Advantage and positive effect of the present invention are:

In the present invention, a vertical rod is installed vertically upward at the center of the upper end surface of the base synchronously linked with the photovoltaic panel, and a photosensitive ring is installed on the upper end surface of the base outside the vertical rod at intervals from the outer edge of the vertical rod. Each photoresistor is connected in series with a current sampling module, the output signal of each current sampling module is received by the central control module, and then the central control module drives the base drive module installed on the bottom of the base according to the current signal, continuously Adjust the position of the base, and finally make the shadow of the pole fall in the above-mentioned photosensitive circle. At this time, the base is considered to be perpendicular to the sunlight. Since the photovoltaic panel is linked with the base, the photovoltaic panel is considered to be perpendicular to the sunlight at this time. The structure is simple, the position of the sun can be continuously tracked, the precision is adjustable, and the cost is low.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of initial position of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation after the position adjustment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a top view of the base;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between three hydraulic rods and the base.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with the examples, the present invention is further described, the following examples are illustrative, not limiting, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited by the following examples.

A photovoltaic automatic solar tracking control system, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, the innovation of the present invention is that it includes a base 4 that moves synchronously with the photovoltaic panel, a base drive module, a base control module, and a central control module. A vertical rod 2 is installed vertically upwards at the center of the base, and a photosensitive ring 3 is installed coaxially with the vertical rod on the base surface outside the vertical rod. A base drive module for seat movement, the control end of the base drive module is connected to the control command output end of the base control module, the input end of the base control module is connected to a control command output end of the central control module, The input end of the central control module is connected to the output ends of a plurality of current sampling modules 7, and each current sampling module forms a series branch circuit with a photoresistor (respectively RG1, RG2...RGM) in the photosensitive circle, and multiple series connection The branches are connected in parallel to each other and connected to both ends of the power supply 6, and the other control command output end of the central control module is connected to the photovoltaic drive module for the movement of the photovoltaic panel.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned base drive module can use a dual-axis sun tracking mechanism or a hydraulic rod mechanism, wherein the dual-axis sun tracking mechanism includes two motors, one motor is responsible for the swing of the base in the horizontal direction, and the other motor Responsible for the swing of the base in the vertical direction. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the hydraulic rod mechanism includes three hydraulic rods 8 that independently move up and down. The upper ends of the three hydraulic rods are hinged on the bottom surface of the base and the ends of the three are evenly distributed. The lifting in the direction can realize the adjustment of the position of the base in both horizontal and vertical directions. The current sampling module can be a common circuit, or an ammeter with output.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the photosensitive ring is composed of multiple photosensitive resistors RG1, RG2...RGM connected in parallel, that is, no matter which direction the shadow 1 of the pole tilts, it will block the photosensitive resistors, resulting in one or several photosensitive resistors being connected in parallel. The resistance impedance rises, so that the sampling value of the current sampling module is zero, and at this time, the central control module is triggered to adjust the position of the base.

Since the above-mentioned base and all photovoltaic panels have a linkage relationship, that is, when the base moves continuously under the cooperation of the base control module, the central control module, and the current sampling module, all photovoltaic panels also move synchronously, thereby realizing the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. For maximum adjustment, the specific working process includes the following steps:

(1) The central control module reads the output current of each current sampling module;

(2) When any output current is zero, it is considered that the shadow of the vertical pole blocks the photosensitive circle, and the current through the series branch is zero to determine which area the shadow is on the base;

(3) The central control module controls the movement of the base to the area where the shadow is located, so that the shadow moves to the center of the base;

⑷Repeat steps ⑴～⑶until all output currents are non-zero, then the shadow of the pole is considered to be within the photosensitive circle, and the photovoltaic panel linked with the base is perpendicular to the sun, completing the solar tracking control.

Example

The structure of the surface of the base is shown in Figure 3. A pole 2 is installed in the middle, and 12 photoresistors are installed around the pole, and then divided into three areas A, B, and C, and four photoresistors are set in each area. Three hydraulic rods a, b and c are installed on the bottom surface of the base.

Assuming that the initial position of the base is parallel to the ground, when the machine is turned on in the morning, the shadow of the pole is located in area A, and the current of the series branch circuit where several photoresistors in area A are located is zero. At this time, the central control module controls the hydraulic rod and b, c Up, the hydraulic rod a is down, so that the shadow moves into the photosensitive circle, the central control module continuously detects the position of the shadow, and then continuously adjusts the vertical position of the hydraulic rod until the shadow of the vertical rod moves to the inside of the photosensitive circle. The seat is perpendicular to the sunlight, and the photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the sunlight.

The central control module regularly detects the position of the shadow on the base, and once the output current of any series branch is zero, it starts to adjust the position of the base.

In the present invention, a vertical rod is installed vertically upward at the center of the upper end surface of the base synchronously linked with the photovoltaic panel, and a photosensitive ring is installed on the upper end surface of the base outside the vertical rod at intervals from the outer edge of the vertical rod. Each photoresistor is connected in series with a current sampling module, the output signal of each current sampling module is received by the central control module, and then the central control module drives the base drive module installed on the bottom of the base according to the current signal, continuously Adjust the position of the base, and finally make the shadow of the pole fall in the above-mentioned photosensitive circle. At this time, the base is considered to be perpendicular to the sunlight. Since the photovoltaic panel is linked with the base, the photovoltaic panel is considered to be perpendicular to the sunlight at this time. The structure is simple, and the position of the sun can be continuously tracked, and the mouse precision for adjusting the photosensitive circle can adjust the precision, and the cost is low.

Claims (2)

1. A photovoltaic automatic sun-tracking control system, characterized in that: it includes a base that moves synchronously with the photovoltaic panel, a base drive module, a base control module and a central control module, and a stand is installed vertically upwards at the center of the base. rod, a photosensitive ring is installed coaxially with the vertical rod on the surface of the base outside the vertical rod, the photosensitive ring is spaced apart from the outer edge of the vertical rod, and a base driving module for base movement is installed at the bottom of the base. The control terminal of the drive module is connected to the control command output terminal of the base control module, the input terminal of the base control module is connected to a control command output terminal of the central control module, and the input terminal of the central control module is connected to a plurality of current The output terminal of the sampling module, each current sampling module forms a series branch with a photoresistor in the photosensitive circle, and the multiple series branches are connected in parallel to each other and then connected to both ends of the power supply, and another control command of the central control module outputs The end is connected with a photovoltaic drive module for the movement of the photovoltaic panel, and the base drive module is a two-axis sun-tracking mechanism or a hydraulic rod mechanism. 2. The method for using a photovoltaic automatic solar tracking control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: (1) The central control module reads the output current of each current sampling module; (2) When any output current is zero, it is considered that the shadow of the vertical pole blocks the photosensitive circle, and the current through the series branch is zero to determine which area the shadow is on the base; (3) The central control module controls the movement of the base to the area where the shadow is located, so that the shadow moves to the center of the base; ⑷Repeat steps ⑴～⑶until all output currents are non-zero, then the shadow of the pole is considered to be within the photosensitive circle, and the photovoltaic panel linked with the base is perpendicular to the sun, completing the solar tracking control.

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