CN103809616A - Control method for sun position double-axis tracking system structure suitable for partial shade - Google Patents
Control method for sun position double-axis tracking system structure suitable for partial shade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for a sun position double-axis tracking system structure suitable for partial shade and belongs to the technical field of the photovoltaic power generation. The control method is characterized in that each of four vertex angles of an upper bracket of the traditional sun position double-axis tracking system is provided with a light sensitive resistor. The control method includes: step (1), setting an initial value; step (2), judging whether arrive at Fmin, if so, executing a step (3), otherwise, returning to the step (2); step (3), if the initial value of M is 0000, executing a step (4); step (4), judging whether R9 is equal to R10, if so, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0, storing in the first bit of M, and executing a step (5); step (5), judging whether R11 is equal to R12, if so, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0, storing in the second bit of M, and executing a step (6); step (6), judging whether R9 is equal to R11, if so, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0, storing in the third bit of M, and executing a step (7); step (7), judging whether R10 is equal to R12, if so, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0, storing in the fourth bit of M, and executing a step (8); step (8), obtaining Rmin, finding a running countermeasure, regulating S alpha and S gamma till enabling R9, R10, R11 and R12 to be equal to each other, and executing a step (9); step (9), judging whether delta t is ended, if so, executing a step (10), otherwise, waiting and returning to the step (9); (10) judging whether the value arrives at Fend, if so, stopping the system, otherwise, executing the step (2).
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar energy generation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of structure and tracking and controlling method of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking system.
Background technology
At present, the development and utilization of regenerative resource obtains the concern of national governments day by day, converts sun power to electric energy have very large potentiality to be exploited by photovoltaic.According to Joint Research Centre of European Union prediction in 2004, to the end of this century, the ratio of photovoltaic generation in All Around The World energy supply will exceed 30%.Existing photovoltaic generating system adopts fixed installation photovoltaic module mode mostly, and this structure only can guarantee a certain moment in annual some day, and sunshine is irradiated to photovoltaic module with best angle, so the utilization factor of sunshine is relatively low.If photovoltaic module adopts double-axis tracking mode to follow the tracks of the sun, can make photovoltaic generating system generating efficiency improve 30%～50%.But existing photovoltaic dual-axis tracking system (below will referred to as " system ") is not mostly considered the sun and is hidden worn-out (so-called " part hides worn-out " by part, refer to that sunray is owing to being covered by parts such as the cloud of process, buildings and trees, the intensity of solar radiation that causes arriving photovoltaic module surface is inconsistent) impact, cause system keeps track deterioration of efficiency, photovoltaic generating system output efficiency reduces.In addition, existing system is only paid close attention to the structure of system mostly, and there is no the tracking and controlling method of attention location system, therefore causes system can accurately not trace into actual position of sun.Therefore, the control method that is suitable for the part position of sun dual-axis tracking system structure of covering is provided is very necessary in research.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to one group of photoresistance is installed in the structure of dual-axis tracking system, a kind of control method is provided, can effectively overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists.
The present invention realizes like this, as shown in Figure 1, to include upper bracket 1, connection bracket 2, top stepping motor and worm and gear subassembly 3, middle bracket 4, bottom stepping motor and worm and gear subassembly 5, lower bracket 6, on the basis of the double-axis tracking position of sun structure of data acquisition and control module 7 and base 8, in four of support 1 drift angle places, be separately installed with first at an upper portion thereof, second, the 3rd, the 4th photoresistance 9, 10, 11, 12, it is characterized in that the control method of this system to be: require to determine the minimum operation angle △ of system according to the structure precision of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking system, determine each run △ interval time t, the preset value that whether is less than that judges resistance value maximum in above-mentioned four photosensitive 9,10,11,12, system reaches the minimum intensity of solar radiation F of operation
minsetting value, no, wait for and reach minimum intensity of solar radiation F
min, be that setting a storage element M initial value is " 0000 ", successively to the resistance value R in first, second, third, fourth photoresistance 9,10,11,12
9, R
10, R
11, R
12compare, order is relatively: judge R
9=R
10, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores first of storage unit into, enters next step, judge R
11=R
12, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores storage unit second into, enters next step, judge R
9=R
11, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores the 3rd of storage unit into, enters next step, judge R
10=R
12, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores the 4th of storage unit into, enters next step, obtain minimum photosensitive resistance value R
min, enter in following ruuning situation, search corresponding operation countermeasure:
If storage unit values is " 1111 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, for without covering, keep elevation angle S
αwith position angle S
γ;
If storage unit values is " 1110 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 1101 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 1100 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, illustrative system bottom has covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted elevation angle S
α, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 1011 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 1010 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, the 4th photoresistance R is described
12place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 1001 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, the 3rd photoresistance R is described
11place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 1000 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system bottom, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted elevation angle S
α, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0111 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 0110 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, the second photoresistance R is described
10place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0101 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, the first photoresistance R is described
9place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0100 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system top, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted elevation angle S
α, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0011 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, illustrative system left side or right side have covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0010 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system right side, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0001 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system left side, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0000 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, illustrative system is followed the tracks of unsuccessfully, according to minimum operation angle △, first adjusts elevation angle S
αmake R
9=R
11, R
10=R
12, then adjust position angle S
γmake R
9=R
10, R
11=R
12, i.e. R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12.
The implementation step of above-mentioned control method as shown in Figure 2, is:
Step 3, a storage element initial value of setting are " 0000 ", execution step four;
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and good effect: 1 compared with the prior art, owing to having considered in control method that the sun covers the impact on system, can under the sun covers situation, improve system output efficiency; 2 due to the control strategy that has adopted ruuning situation table to search, and can increase the tracking velocity of system; 3 simple in structure, control is convenient, with low cost, cost performance is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is control method process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is suitable for partly covering control method and traditional calculations sun location tracking method output comparison diagram;
In figure: 1-upper bracket, 2-connection bracket, 3-top stepping motor and worm and gear subassembly, 4-middle bracket, 5-bottom stepping motor and worm and gear subassembly, 6-lower bracket, 7-data acquisition and control module, 8-base, 9,10,11,12-first, second, third, fourth photoresistance.
Embodiment
Now, take the system stepping motor rated power selected as 200W, rated voltage is 50V, and rated current is 4A, and the photovoltaic module peak power output of installing in system is 1000W, and gear ratio is 50:1; Selected photoresistance is CdS photoresistance.
Take Shanghai, at 15 in afternoon on September 22nd, 2013 is as example, minimum operation angle △ and each run △ interval time t that control method step is set for (1) are respectively 0.1 ° and 5 minutes, local longitude and latitude are respectively 121.48 ° and 31.2 °, the on-site longitude of local standard time (being Pekinese's longitude) is 116.4 °, execution step (2); (2) system exceedes the minimum intensity of solar radiation F of operation
minsetting value, execution step (3); (3) setting a storage element initial value is " 0000 ",, execution step (4); (4) resistance value of photoresistance 9,10, R
9≠ R
10, be designated as " 0 ", store first of storage unit M into, execution step (5); (5) resistance value of photoresistance 11,12, R
11≠ R
12, be designated as " 0 ", store storage unit M second into, execution step (6); (6) resistance value of photoresistance 9,11, R
9=R
11, be designated as " 1 ", store the 3rd of storage unit M into, execution step (7); (7) resistance value of photoresistance 10,12, R
10=R
12, be designated as " 1 ", store the 4th of storage unit M into, execution step (8); (8) obtain minimum photosensitive resistance value R
min=0.05, enter in ruuning situation table, storage unit M=0011, illustrative system left side or right side have covers, according to △ towards R
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ=57.9 °, keep elevation angle S
α=40.07 °, until meet the resistance value of photoresistance 9,10,11,12, R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12; Execution step (9); (9) operation △ t interval time finishes, execution step (10); (10) system exceedes the intensity of solar radiation F stopping
end, return to execution step (2).
Its operation result and traditional calculations sun location tracking method are more as shown in Figure 3.
Thus, visible the present invention can improve the tracking accuracy of system any time in one day, effectively overcomes the sun and is hidden worn-out impact, the output power of the photovoltaic generating system of installing in raising system by part.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is suitable for the control method of the position of sun dual-axis tracking system structure of partly covering, its structure is to include upper bracket (1), connection bracket (2), top stepping motor and worm and gear subassembly (3), middle bracket (4), bottom stepping motor and worm and gear subassembly (5), lower bracket (6), on traditional position of sun dual-axis tracking system architecture basics of data acquisition and control module (7) and base (8), on four drift angles of upper bracket (1), be separately installed with first, second, the 3rd, the 4th photoresistance (9～12), it is characterized in that the control method of this system to be: require to determine the minimum operation angle △ of system according to the structure precision of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking system, determine each run △ interval time t, the preset value that whether is less than that judges the middle resistance value maximum of first, second, third, fourth photoresistance (9,10,11,12), system reaches the minimum intensity of solar radiation F of operation
minsetting value, no, wait for and reach minimum intensity of solar radiation F
min, be that setting a storage element M initial value is " 0000 ", successively to the resistance value R in first, second, third, fourth photoresistance (9,10,11,12)
9, R
10, R
11, R
12compare, order is relatively: judge R
9=R
10, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores first of storage unit into, enters next step, judge R
11=R
12, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores storage unit second into, enters next step, judge R
9=R
11, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores the 3rd of storage unit into, enters next step, judge R
10=R
12, be, be designated as " 1 ", no being designated as " 0 ", stores the 4th of storage unit into, enters next step, obtain minimum photosensitive resistance value R
min, enter in following ruuning situation, search corresponding operation countermeasure:
If storage unit values is " 1111 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, for without covering, keep elevation angle S
αwith position angle S
γ;
If storage unit values is " 1110 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 1101 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 1100 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, illustrative system bottom has covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted elevation angle S
α, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 1011 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 1010 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, the 4th photoresistance R is described
12place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 1001 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, the 3rd photoresistance R is described
11place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 1000 ", i.e. R
9=R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system bottom, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted elevation angle S
α, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0111 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, this situation can not occur;
If storage unit values is " 0110 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, the second photoresistance R is described
10place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0101 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, the first photoresistance R is described
9place has and covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0100 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11,=R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system top, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted elevation angle S
α, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0011 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10=R
12, illustrative system left side or right side have covers, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0010 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9=R
11r
10≠ R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system right side, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0001 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10=R
12, situation is covered in complexity in illustrative system left side, according to minimum operation angle △ towards the photosensitive resistance value R of minimum
mindirection is adjusted position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12;
If storage unit values is " 0000 ", i.e. R
9≠ R
10,, R
11, ≠ R
12r
9≠ R
11r
10≠ R
12, illustrative system is followed the tracks of unsuccessfully, according to minimum operation angle △, first adjusts elevation angle S
αmake R
9=R
11, R
10=R
12, then adjust position angle S
γmake R
9=R
10, R
11=R
12, i.e. R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12.
The implementation step of above-mentioned control method is:
Step 1, require to determine the minimum operation angle △ of system according to the structure precision of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking system, determine each run △ interval time t;
Step 2, judge whether to reach the minimum intensity of solar radiation setting value F of system operation according to photoresistance
min, be execution step three; No, return to step 2;
Step 3, a storage element initial value of setting are " 0000 ", execution step four;
Step 4, judge R
9=R
10, be, be designated as " 1 ", no, be designated as " 0 ", store first of storage unit M into, execution step five;
Step 5, judge R
11=R
12, be, be designated as " 1 ", no, be designated as " 0 ", store storage unit M second into, execution step six;
Step 6, judge R
9=R
11, be, be designated as " 1 ", no, be designated as " 0 ", store the 3rd of storage unit M into, execution step seven;
Step 7, judge R
10=R
12, be, be designated as " 1 ", no, be designated as " 0 ", store the 4th of storage unit M into, execution step eight;
Step 8, obtain minimum photosensitive resistance value R
min, enter in ruuning situation, search corresponding operation countermeasure according to storage unit M numerical value, adjustment System elevation angle S
αwith position angle S
γ, until meet R
9=R
10=R
11=R
12, execution step nine;
Step 9, judge operation interval time △ t whether finish, be, execution step ten; No, wait for that between-line spacing time △ t finishes, return to step 9;
Step 10, the system of judging whether reach the intensity of solar radiation F stopping
end, be that system stops, no, returns to execution step two.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104407627A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 天津市畅悦电子科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic energy photoreceptor |
| CN104793642A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 太原科技大学 | Control method for trough heat collection two-axis tracking structure based on polar axis |
| CN104914881A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-09-16 | 太原科技大学 | Control method of polar-axis-based photovoltaic power generation double-axis tracking structure |
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| CN102354222A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-02-15 | 上海聚恒太阳能有限公司 | Shadow-free tracking method for double-axis solar photovoltaic array power generation system |
| CN102520731A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-06-27 | 洛阳沃德节电科技开发有限公司 | Method for automatically tracking solar rays and automatic tracking system |
| CN103499978A (en) * | 2013-09-28 | 2014-01-08 | 国家电网公司 | Photovoltaic automatic sun-tracking control system and application method thereof |
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| CN104914881A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-09-16 | 太原科技大学 | Control method of polar-axis-based photovoltaic power generation double-axis tracking structure |
| CN104793642B (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2017-07-28 | 太原科技大学 | The control method of slot type thermal-arrest double-axis tracking structure based on pole axis |
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