CN103493727A

CN103493727A - Maize breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN103493727A
Application number: CN201310504355.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏连胜
Original assignee: Shandong Consecutive Victories Kind Of Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Consecutive Victories Kind Of Industry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-10-24
Filing date: 2013-10-24
Publication date: 2014-01-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a maize breeding method. Two maize inbred lines of different germ lines in a temperate zone and a tropic zone are selected and used as breeding materials and radiated; two generations are grown through selfing; target trait variation strains are selected and used as parent generations for hybridization; re-planting is conducted after single-corncob threshing, and an induction line is used for induction; haploid seeds are selected from harvested clusters to be doubled, wherein the haploid seeds have aleurone layers, the top ends of the haploid seeds are provided with violet marks, and plumule tips are not provided with violet marks; plants which are successfully doubled are subjected to selfing to harvest self-fruiting seeds; the self-fruiting seeds are planted, and head progeny rows meeting a breeding objective are selected for selfing to obtain a new maize inbred line; pollen of the new maize inbred line is used for test matching with test seeds; a test matching combination is planted, and a new maize variety is bred after field identification. The maize breeding method has the advantages that radiation is used for irradiating the seeds, the breeding cycle is shortened, the variety breeding rate is increased, the bred seeds are high in quality and suitable for being grown in wide areas, and the plants are proper in height, fast in growth, and resistant to drought and weeds.

Description

A kind of corn breeding method

Technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture cultivating method of new species technical field, especially relate to a kind of corn breeding method.

Background technology

China is grain-production big country, although foodstuff planting area is large, per capita output of grain is still not enough.The crops that corn is larger as per mu yield, planting range is wide, but, due to long-term plantation natural crossing, causes existing maize seed resistance and adaptability significantly to go down, and causes per mu yield to reduce, the diseases and insect pests resistance decline, maize seed is degenerated.Torrid zone maize seed has Miao Wang, the good characteristics such as plant is tall and big, growth is fast, drought resisting, anti-weeds; And Temperate maize has the characteristics such as output height, thereby to utilize two kinds of bands be that corn is hybridized and cultivated the common recognition that new varieties are called current corn breeding industry.

Utilize the new varieties of the torrid zone, Temperate although some have occurred at present, but there is the problem that scale is large, operation is many, the time is long, develop a new breed and approximately need the 20-30 year, spend a large amount of manpower financial capacities, be only suitable for large-scale institutes of agricultural sciences, and the good inbred line and the crossbreed that are bred as are few, numerous tropical germplasm colonies that are not suitable with temperate zone are difficult to fully be applied in the Temperate maize breeding, cause that kind is rare, the narrow problem of accommodation.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to improve the deficiency of prior art and provide a kind of and utilize the seed quality of radiation irradiation seed, shortening the breeding cycle, raising breed breeding rate, cultivation high, the suitable growth region is wide, plant height is suitable, growth is fast, the corn breeding method of drought resisting, anti-weeds.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of corn breeding method, be characterized in that the method is to choose the corn inbred line of the two kinds of different germlines in temperate zone and the torrid zone as breeding material, the corn breeding material of choosing is carried out to radiation, then carry out the selfing of same germline and planted for two generations, select the objective trait variant, as father and mother for hybridization, after single fringe threshing, plant again, and be to induce with inducing, select and there is the aleurone layer top with purple from the results fruit ear, the plumule point is without the monoploid seed of the mark of purple, the monoploid seed is doubled, plant after doubling is successfully carried out to selfing, results self-fertility seed, plantation self-fertility seed, select to meet the head progeny row selfing of breeding objective requirement, obtains corn inbred line newly, then be measured with new corn inbred line pollen and Testers, plantation is measured combination, carries out field test, educates and selects corn variety.

Compared with the prior art the present invention has following distinguishing feature and good effect: the present invention chooses the corn inbred line of the two kinds of different germlines in temperate zone and the torrid zone as breeding material, the corn breeding material of choosing is carried out to radiation, then carry out the selfing of same germline and planted for two generations, select the objective trait variant, as father and mother for hybridization, after single fringe threshing, plant again, and be to induce with inducing, select and there is the aleurone layer top with purple from the results fruit ear, the plumule point is without the monoploid seed of the mark of purple, the monoploid seed is doubled, plant after doubling is successfully carried out to selfing, results self-fertility seed, plantation self-fertility seed, select to meet the head progeny row selfing of breeding objective requirement, obtains corn inbred line newly, then be measured with new corn inbred line pollen and Testers, plantation is measured combination, carry out field test, educate and select corn variety, the present invention combines single times of breeding and radiaction mutation, can very fast pure and mild inbred line be used for assembly hybrid combination, thereby effectively solve the problem of radiaction mutation more difficult application in corn, utilize high-frequency hybridized induction unisexual reproduction to produce inbred line, greatly shortened the breeding time limit, improved correctness and the efficiency of corn variety seed selection.The present invention utilizes and adopts the seed that adheres to different band system separately to hybridize for Parent, has hybrid vigour, temperate zone and tropical natural environment adaptive capacity are strengthened, and also the beneficial gene increase, with its Breeding of Inbred Lines is easy, should go, the good inbred line of incubation is of many uses; The present invention utilizes breeding method, significantly improved corn breeding efficiency, got around tropical germplasm colony's complexity and very long improved, process, directly utilize temperate zone and the hybridization of tropical germline, the method is bred as good system and only needs the 3-4 year, recombinant hybridization, general 2-3 can select elite hybrid, the present invention is bred as 1 elite hybrid needed for 7 years at most, the breeding time limit of 20-30 compared to existing technology, have save time, the saving of labor, simple and easy to do, greatly reduce the breeding cost simultaneously.

Embodiment

Embodiment, a kind of corn breeding method, to choose the corn inbred line of the two kinds of different germlines in temperate zone and the torrid zone as breeding material, the corn breeding material of choosing is carried out to radiation, then carry out the selfing of same germline and planted for two generations, select the objective trait variant, as father and mother for hybridization, after single fringe threshing, plant again, and be to induce with inducing, select and there is the aleurone layer top with purple from the results fruit ear, the plumule point is without the monoploid seed of the mark of purple, the monoploid seed is doubled, plant after doubling is successfully carried out to selfing, results self-fertility seed, plantation self-fertility seed, select to meet the head progeny row selfing of breeding objective requirement, obtains corn inbred line newly, then be measured with new corn inbred line pollen and Testers, plantation is measured combination, carries out field test, educates and selects corn variety.

Claims

1. a corn breeding method, it is characterized in that the method is to choose the corn inbred line of the two kinds of different germlines in temperate zone and the torrid zone as breeding material, the corn breeding material of choosing is carried out to radiation, then carry out the selfing of same germline and planted for two generations, select the objective trait variant, as father and mother for hybridization, after single fringe threshing, plant again, and be to induce with inducing, select and there is the aleurone layer top with purple from the results fruit ear, the plumule point is without the monoploid seed of the mark of purple, the monoploid seed is doubled, plant after doubling is successfully carried out to selfing, results self-fertility seed, plantation self-fertility seed, select to meet the head progeny row selfing of breeding objective requirement, obtains corn inbred line newly, then be measured with new corn inbred line pollen and Testers, plantation is measured combination, carries out field test, educates and selects corn variety.