CN109932492B - Method for rapidly identifying drought resistance of spring corn in northern arid region - Google Patents
Method for rapidly identifying drought resistance of spring corn in northern arid region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly identifying drought resistance of spring corn in northern arid regions, and relates to the technical field of agricultural science. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting seedlings of spring corn varieties to be identified for drought field area planting, and setting a control group; step two, measuring 6-9 morphological, ecological or physiological indexes in the jointing stage, the emasculation stage or the grain filling stage of the spring corn, and establishing a drought resistance evaluation system according to the measured indexes; and thirdly, rapidly identifying and evaluating the drought resistance of the regional spring corn variety by adopting a method of firstly visually identifying the field and then testing and determining the field. The method provides reliable basis for selection of corn production varieties, is closely attached to actual production research, has strong operation practicability, provides a research foundation for the existing high-yield corn planting technology, and has wide application prospect in production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural science, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly identifying drought resistance of spring corns in northern arid regions.
Background
In the northern arid regions of China, drought is the main reason causing low and unstable corn yield, and the selection of a proper drought-resistant corn variety is the main way for solving the problems, so that the scientific and accurate evaluation of the drought resistance of the corn variety is the problem to be solved firstly by selecting a proper spring corn variety.
According to statistics, the arid and semi-arid regions in the world account for about 34.9 percent of the land area of the earth and 42.9 percent of the cultivated land area, while the arid, semi-arid and semi-humid partial arid regions in China account for about 52.5 percent of the total land area of the country. China is the second major corn producing country in the world, and the total yield and the unit yield of China exceed those of wheat, are second only to rice and surpass the second place of food crop production in China. Corn is a relatively moisture sensitive crop. Research shows that the corn yield is averagely reduced by 3% every drought for about 50 days after sowing; the average yield is reduced by 6 to 7 percent and the maximum yield can be reduced by 13 percent every day of drought during the period from the castration to the silking; and 49% of average reduced yield at the initial stage of grain filling. Therefore, the cultivation and selection of high-yield drought-resistant varieties is one of the most economical methods for resisting drought stress.
At present, indoor and potted plant researches are adopted for the drought resistance identification method of the corn, but the indoor and potted plant researches are disjointed with production and are not easy to operate and apply, while field researches are mostly concentrated on the whole growth period, and due to regional climate differences, the applicability is poor, so that the drought resistance identification method which is rapid, intuitive and easy to operate is researched aiming at regions, and the method has important significance and function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly identifying the drought resistance of spring corn in northern arid regions, which solves the problems that the corn varieties are multiple in varieties and the producers blindly select the varieties with suitable regionality in the prior production.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for rapidly identifying drought resistance of spring corn in northern arid regions, which mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting seedlings of spring corn varieties to be identified for drought field area planting, and setting a control group;
step two, measuring 6-9 morphological, ecological or physiological indexes in the jointing stage, the emasculation stage or the grain filling stage of the spring corn, and establishing a drought resistance evaluation system according to the measured indexes;
and thirdly, rapidly identifying and evaluating the drought resistance of the regional spring corn variety by adopting a method of firstly visually identifying the field and then testing and determining the field.
Further, the 6-9 morphological or ecological or physiological indicators determined in the second step include: at least six of interval period of silk spraying and powder scattering, plant height, area of functional leaves, dry matter accumulation amount in ear period, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, relative water content of leaves, water loss rate of in vitro leaves and water utilization efficiency.
Further, the drought resistance evaluation system established in the second step refers to: at least one of the interval period of spinning and powder scattering and the plant height is used as a primary identification index; at least two of the functional leaf area, the relative water content of the leaves and the net photosynthetic rate are taken as secondary identification indexes; at least three of the dry matter accumulation amount in the ear period, the chlorophyll content, the water loss rate of the in vitro leaves and the water utilization efficiency are used as final identification indexes.
Further, the method for visually identifying the field adopted in the third step specifically comprises the following steps: and preliminarily screening the northern arid region spring corn variety in the region by taking the primary identification index in the established drought resistance evaluation system as an intuitive identification reference index.
Further, the method for testing in the third step specifically comprises: and screening the spring corn variety again according to the established secondary identification index in the drought resistance evaluation system, and comprehensively analyzing and evaluating the drought resistance of the spring corn variety in the northern arid region according to the established final identification index in the drought resistance evaluation system.
Further, the functional leaf area, the ear period dry matter accumulation amount, the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, the relative water content of leaves, the water loss rate of in vitro leaves and the water utilization efficiency are measured by collecting corn leaf samples.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention defines that the influence of drought receiving on final yield of spring corn in the jointing stage or the emasculation stage or the filling stage in northern drought regions is the largest, the degree of correlation with the drought resistance of the variety is also the largest, and the indexes and the method measured in the period can be used as the method for identifying and evaluating the drought resistance of the spring corn variety in the regions, provide reliable basis for selecting the corn production variety, cling to practical production research, have strong operation practicability, provide research foundation for the existing high-yield corn planting technology and have wide application prospect in production.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The specific identification method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
selecting well-developed seedlings of spring corn varieties to be identified and well-developed seedlings of contrast varieties, planting the seedlings on the land in a dry area in the north with annual natural rainfall less than 350mm, planting a small area in each variety, planting two lines in each small area, wherein the area of each small area is 10 square meters, watering seedlings after planting, and watering 50 square/mu water in the whole growing period, wherein the water content of a 0-50cm soil layer reaches 80 +/-5 percent of the field water capacity;
step two, in the spring corn jointing stage or the tasseling stage or the filling stage, determining the interval period of silking and powder scattering, the plant height, the area of functional leaves, the dry matter accumulation amount in the ear stage, the relative water content of leaves, the water loss rate of in vitro leaves and the water utilization efficiency, and establishing a drought resistance evaluation system according to the determined indexes;
thirdly, visually identifying the field, and visually and primarily screening the northern arid region spring corn varieties in the region according to the primary identification indexes of the interval period of silk spraying and powder scattering and the plant height; and then, screening the spring corn variety again by adopting a test determination method and taking the functional leaf area and the relative water content of the leaves as secondary identification indexes, and finally, comprehensively analyzing and evaluating the drought resistance of the spring corn variety in the northern arid region by taking the heading stage dry matter accumulation amount, the in vitro leaf water loss rate and the water utilization efficiency as final identification indexes.
Example two
The specific identification method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
selecting well-developed seedlings of spring corn varieties to be identified and well-developed seedlings of contrast varieties, planting the seedlings on the land in a dry area in the north with annual natural rainfall less than 350mm, planting a small area in each variety, planting two lines in each small area, wherein the area of each small area is 10 square meters, watering seedlings after planting, and watering 50 square/mu water in the whole growing period, wherein the water content of a 0-50cm soil layer reaches 80 +/-5 percent of the field water capacity;
step two, in the spring corn jointing stage or the tasseling stage or the filling stage, measuring the spacing period of silking and powder scattering, the plant height, the area of functional leaves, the dry matter accumulation amount in the ear stage, the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, the relative water content of leaves, the water loss rate of in vitro leaves and the water utilization efficiency, and establishing a drought resistance evaluation system according to the measured indexes;
thirdly, visually identifying the field, and visually and primarily screening the northern arid region spring corn varieties in the region by taking the 'interval period of silk spraying and powder scattering' and the 'plant height' as primary identification indexes; and then, screening the spring corn variety again by adopting a test determination method and taking the functional leaf area, the relative water content of the leaves and the net photosynthetic rate as secondary identification indexes, and finally, comprehensively analyzing and evaluating the drought resistance of the spring corn variety in the northern arid region by taking the heading dry matter accumulation amount, the chlorophyll content, the water loss rate of the leaves in vitro and the water utilization efficiency as final identification indexes.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A method for rapidly identifying drought resistance of spring corn in northern arid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting seedlings of spring corn varieties to be identified for drought field area planting, and setting a control group;
step two, measuring 6-9 morphological, ecological or physiological indexes in the jointing stage, the emasculation stage or the grain filling stage of the spring corn, and establishing a drought resistance evaluation system according to the measured indexes;
thirdly, rapidly identifying and evaluating the drought resistance of the spring corn variety in the arid field area by adopting a method of visual field identification and test determination;
the 6-9 morphological or ecological or physiological indexes measured in the second step comprise: at least six of interval period of silk spraying and powder scattering, plant height, area of functional leaves, dry matter accumulation amount in ear period, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, relative water content of leaves, water loss rate of in vitro leaves and water utilization efficiency;
the drought resistance evaluation system established in the second step is as follows: at least one of the interval period of spinning and powder scattering and the plant height is used as a primary identification index; at least two of the functional leaf area, the relative water content of the leaves and the net photosynthetic rate are taken as secondary identification indexes; at least three of the dry matter accumulation amount in the ear period, the chlorophyll content, the water loss rate of the in vitro leaves and the water utilization efficiency are used as final identification indexes;
the method for visually identifying the field in the third step specifically comprises the following steps: preliminarily screening out the northern arid region spring corn variety in the region by taking the primary identification index in the established drought resistance evaluation system as an intuitive identification reference index;
the method for testing in the third step specifically comprises the following steps: and screening the spring corn variety again according to the established secondary identification index in the drought resistance evaluation system, and comprehensively analyzing and evaluating the drought resistance of the spring corn variety in the northern arid region according to the established final identification index in the drought resistance evaluation system.
2. The method for rapidly identifying the drought resistance of the spring corn in the northern arid area according to claim 1, wherein the area of the functional leaves, the dry matter accumulation amount in the ear period, the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, the relative water content of the leaves, the water loss rate of the leaves in vitro and the water utilization efficiency are measured by collecting a sample of the leaves of the corn.
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| CN101221159A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2008-07-16 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | Drought resistance appraising method |
| CN103493727A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-08 | 山东连胜种业有限公司 | Maize breeding method |
| CN106258946A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-01-04 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of selection of high resistance to cold and diseases glutinous corn variety |
| CN106818100A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of method for screening drought-resistant maize germplasm |
| CN106818101A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of method for identifying drought resistance of maize |
| CN108921451A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of evaluation method for identifying corn variety drought resistance |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101221159A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2008-07-16 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | Drought resistance appraising method |
| CN103493727A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-08 | 山东连胜种业有限公司 | Maize breeding method |
| CN106818100A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of method for screening drought-resistant maize germplasm |
| CN106818101A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of method for identifying drought resistance of maize |
| CN106258946A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-01-04 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of selection of high resistance to cold and diseases glutinous corn variety |
| CN108921451A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of evaluation method for identifying corn variety drought resistance |
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