CN103488235A - Current limiting circuit, voltage regulator and direct current-direct current (DC-DC) convertor - Google Patents
Current limiting circuit, voltage regulator and direct current-direct current (DC-DC) convertor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a current limiting circuit. The current limiting circuit comprises a current-voltage conversion circuit and a voltage comparison circuit. The current-voltage conversion circuit is connected to a current mirror circuit so as to produce voltage in proportion to mirror current and comprises a fifth transistor and a resistor, wherein one end of the resistor is connected to the current mirror circuit, the other end of the resistor is connected to a grid electrode and a drain electrode of the fifth transistor, and a source electrode of the fifth transistor is connected with a source electrode of an output voltage regulation transistor. The voltage comparison circuit is identical to the output voltage regulation transistor, connected to the current-voltage conversion circuit and the control end of the output voltage regulation transistor and used for comparing the voltage produced by the current-voltage conversion circuit with threshold voltage and limits voltage of the control end within the range of predetermined voltage when the voltage produced by the current-voltage conversion circuit is larger than the threshold voltage. By adopting the current limiting circuit, current limit values of good temperature coefficients can be achieved without a resistor with a large negative temperature coefficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic applications, be specifically related to a kind of current limit circuit, voltage regulator and DC-DC converter.
Background technology
Along with the widespread use of portable electric appts, the stand-by power consumption of the electronic component design in portable equipment requires more and more to receive publicity.Electric weight for the battery of portable equipment is often very limited, and this requires constantly to reduce the quiescent current of the electronic component of portable equipment.This index of stand-by power consumption has vital impact to the stand-by time of portable electric appts.Be widely used in the various power supply chips in portable equipment, as voltage regulator and DC-DC converter, all need constantly to reduce its standby current, be i.e. the quiescent current that during zero load, power supply chip self consumes.
For example, voltage regulator generally comprises reference voltage source, error amplifier, output voltage adjustment element, sampling resistor, bypass elements etc.Error amplifier can be a comparer.The reference voltage that reference voltage source provides is applied to the inverting input of this comparer; The sampled voltage that utilizes sampling resistor to obtain from output voltage is applied to the in-phase input end of this comparer, forms thus negative feedback.The difference of reference voltage and sampled voltage, after error amplifier amplifies, is adjusted element to output voltage and is controlled, thus regulated output voltage.Output voltage is adjusted element can adopt bipolar transistor usually, also can adopt mos field effect transistor (MOSFET).
In addition, above-mentioned voltage regulator and DC-DC converter generally all need current foldback circuit.Current foldback circuit also is commonly called current limit circuit, and its function is that restriction output voltage as mentioned above is adjusted the electric current of element constant power device when overload or short circuit, thereby plays the effect of protection power device.
Fig. 1, wherein show a kind of current limit circuit of prior art.Its principle is whether to reach the forward voltage of MP4 by the voltage on resistance R 1, controls electric current output, and in order to realize temperature system preferably, resistance that need to be larger with negative temperature coefficient (R1) offsets with the threshold voltage temperature coefficient of transistor MP4.But sometimes be subject to adopted process technology limit, may there is no enough large resistance of negative temperature coefficient, so just can't design the current limit of better temperature coefficient.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of current limit circuit for voltage regulator or DC-DC converter consumed than low quiescent current that has.This current limit circuit, without adopting the very large resistance of negative temperature coefficient, can be realized the current limit value of temperature coefficient preferably.
A first aspect of the present invention, a kind of current limit circuit for voltage regulator or DC-DC converter is provided, this voltage regulator or DC-DC converter comprise an output voltage adjustment transistor (MPass), described output voltage is adjusted transistor and is comprised a control end (MPG), and described current limit circuit comprises:
Adjust with described output voltage the current sample transistor (MP1) that transistor (MPass) is identical, be connected to described output voltage and adjust transistor (MPass), make the ratio of the electric current that flows through described current sample transistor (MP1) and the electric current that flows through described output voltage adjustment transistor (MPass) equal the physical dimension of described current sample transistor (MP1) and the ratio that described output voltage is adjusted the physical dimension of transistor (MPass);
Current mirror circuit, be connected to described current sample transistor (MP1), for take flow through the transistorized electric current of described current sample as reference current produce one to the proportional image current of electric current that flows through described current sample transistor (MP1);
Current-voltage conversion circuit, be connected to described current mirror circuit, with produce one to the proportional voltage of described image current, it comprises the 5th transistor (MP5) and a resistance (R1), described resistance one end is connected to described current mirror circuit, the other end is connected to grid and the drain electrode of described the 5th transistor (MP5), and the source electrode of described the 5th transistor (MP5) is connected with the source electrode that output voltage is adjusted transistor (MPass);
Voltage comparator circuit (MP4), identical with described output voltage adjustment transistor (MPass), be connected to described current-voltage conversion circuit and described output voltage and adjust the control end (MPG) of transistor (MPass), for voltage and a threshold voltage that described current-voltage conversion circuit is produced, make comparisons, and when the voltage of described current-voltage conversion circuit generation is greater than described threshold voltage by the limiting voltage of described control end (MPG) at a predetermined voltage.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides the voltage regulator that comprises the first aspect present invention current limit circuit.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides the DC-DC converter of the current limit circuit that comprises first aspect present invention again.
Provide current limit circuit by the embodiment of the present invention, using transistor and resistor group cooperation is bleeder circuit, control the mode of another transistor turns output is carried out to current limliting, because the threshold voltage of general PMOS is all negative temperature coefficient, even the PMOS of different threshold values, the temperature coefficient of its threshold voltage is all similar, so the temperature coefficient of threshold value pressure reduction is very little.Thereby, without adopting the very large resistance of negative temperature coefficient, can realize the current limit value of temperature coefficient preferably.
The accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below will the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of current limit circuit of prior art;
Fig. 2 shows current limit circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows the structural drawing of the current limit circuit of another kind of embodiment;
Fig. 4 shows a low pressure difference linear voltage regulator of the current limit circuit comprised in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 shows current limit circuit according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
It is the circuit such as transistorized voltage regulator or DC-DC converter that current limit circuit according to the present invention is applicable to output voltage adjustment element, and in this article, term " transistor " comprises bipolar transistor and MOSFET.
As shown in Figure 2, wherein show the current limit circuit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this current limit energy circuit comprises a current sampling circuit consisted of MOSFET MP1, it is not shown that MOSFET MP1 adjusts element MPass(Fig. 2 for the output voltage of the circuit such as the voltage regulator to flowing through this current limit circuit or DC-DC converter, referring to the part beyond dotted line frame in Fig. 4) electric current sampled, to adjust the electric current of element MPass proportional with flowing through this output voltage for the electric current that flows through MOSFET MP1.MOSFET MP1 is a MOSFET identical with output voltage adjustment element MPass type, and in this embodiment, MOSFET MP1 and this output voltage are adjusted element MPass and be the P channel mosfet.This output voltage is adjusted element MPass and is connected between input voltage and output voltage, its control end, and its grid MPG, be connected with this current limit circuit with the output terminal of corresponding error amplifier EA, and its source electrode is connected to input power VCC.Grid and the source electrode of (not shown in Fig. 2, referring to the part beyond dotted line frame in Fig. 4) MOSFET MP1 is respectively used to be connected with source electrode with the grid MPG of this output voltage adjustment element.According to the drain current characteristics of MOSFET, at the cut-in voltage U of MOSFET MP1 and this output voltage adjustment element MPass
gS (th)etc. parameter in identical situation, the electric current that flows through MOSFET MP1 and the ratio that flows through this output voltage and adjust the electric current of element MPass equal the ratio of channel width-over-length ratio with the channel width-over-length ratio of MPass of MP1.Therefore, by selecting MOSFET MP1 and this output voltage, adjust the physical dimension of element, can change easily the ratio of the electric current that flows through them.Preferably, select MOSFET MP1 and this output voltage to adjust the channel width-over-length ratio of element, make the electric current that flows through MOSFET MP1 be less than and flow through the per mille that this output voltage is adjusted the electric current of element.
Current limit circuit shown in Fig. 2 also comprises a current mirror circuit.A current-voltage conversion circuit and a voltage comparator circuit.Wherein, current mirror circuit is connected to current sampling circuit, for take the electric current that flows through described current sampling circuit as reference current produce one to the proportional image current of the electric current that flows through described current sampling circuit.Current-voltage conversion circuit is connected to current mirror circuit, to produce a voltage proportional to image current.Voltage comparator circuit is connected to current-voltage conversion circuit and above-mentioned output voltage is adjusted transistorized control end, for voltage and a threshold voltage that current-voltage conversion circuit is produced, make comparisons, and when the voltage that current-voltage conversion circuit produces is greater than this threshold voltage, by the limiting voltage of control end at a predetermined voltage.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, current mirror circuit is comprised of two MOSFET MN3 and MN1 different from MOSFET MP1 type, be that MOSFET MN3 and MN1 are N-channel MOS FET, wherein MOSFET MN1 connects with MOSFET MP1, and its drain electrode is connected to the drain electrode of MOSFET MP1.Current-voltage conversion circuit (I-V converter) forms 1 by a resistance R 1 and a MOSFET MP5, voltage comparator circuit is comprised of MOSFET MP4, resistance R 1 is connected between the drain electrode of the drain electrode of MN3 and MP5, grid and the drain electrode of MP5 link together, form the connected mode of diode, the source electrode of MP5 and the source electrode of MP4 all are connected to power supply VCC, the drain electrode of MP4 is connected to control end MPG, grid is connected to the drain electrode of MN3, between the grid at MOSFET MP4 and source electrode, providing bias voltage.MOSFET MP4 is the voltage drop on resistance R 1 and MP5 and its threshold voltage, the i.e. absolute value of its cut-in voltage | V
gS (th) MP4|, compare, determine whether the voltage of MPG node is drawn high according to comparative result.The grid of MOSFET MN1, together with the drain electrode point range, forms the diode connected mode, and the source electrode of MOSFET MN1 and substrate point are separated to public ground node.The grid of MOSFET MN3 is connected to the grid of MOSFET MN1, and the source electrode of MOSFET MN3 and substrate are connected to the source electrode of MOSFET MN1, and the drain electrode of MOSFET MN3 is connected to the end that the grid with MOSFET MP4 of resistance R 1 is connected.The source electrode of MOSFET MP4 and substrate are connected to the source electrode of MOSFET MP1, and the drain electrode of MOSFET MP4 is connected to the grid of MOSFET MP1.
So, the electric current that flows through MOSFET MN1 equals to flow through the electric current of MOSFET MP1, and the electric current that flows through MOSFET MN3 and the ratio of the electric current that flows through MOSFET MN1 equal the ratio of channel width-over-length ratio with the channel width-over-length ratio of MN1 of MN3.
The proportional relation of the electric current of MP1 and MPass, the electric current of MP1 and the ratio of the electric current of MPass equal the ratio (for example proportionate relationship is 1:K) of the channel width-over-length ratio of MP1 and MPass, the electric current I of MP1
mP1equal (1/K) .Io, wherein I
mP1for the drain current of MP1, the electric current that Io is MPass.MN1 and MN3 form current mirror, for simplified characterization, suppose that its breadth length ratio is 1:1:1.According to the KCL law, the drain current of MP1 equals the drain current of MN1.Therefore the drain current of MN3 also equals (1/K) .Io.MP4 adopts the different transistor of threshold voltage with MP5, and for example MP4 is the 5V PMOS that the threshold voltage absolute value is larger, and MP5 is 1.8V or the 1.2V PMOS that the threshold voltage absolute value is less, and meets | V
(th) Mp4| | V
(th) Mp5|.When the MP4 conducting, current limit circuit carries out current limliting to MPass, so can know by inference: I
mN3.R1+|V
(th) Mp5|=| V
(th) Mp4|, I wherein
mN3for the drain current of MN3, V
(th) Mp5for the threshold voltage of transistor MP5, V
(th) Mp4threshold voltage for transistor MP4.
Can obtain thus: I
mN3=(|
(th) mp4|-|
(th) mp5|)/R1.I when current limit occurs
o=K. (|
(th) mp4|-|
(th) mp5|)/R1.Because the threshold voltage of general PMOS is all negative temperature coefficient, even the PMOS of different threshold values, the temperature coefficient of its threshold voltage is all similar, institute (|
(th) mp4|-|
(th) mp5| temperature coefficient very little.Thereby, without adopting the very large R1 of negative temperature coefficient, can realize the current limit value of temperature coefficient preferably.
Show a kind of improved form of the current limit circuit in Fig. 2 referring now to Fig. 3 and 4, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 shows a low pressure difference linear voltage regulator of the current limit circuit comprised in Fig. 3, and low pressure difference linear voltage regulator is a kind of in voltage regulator.With the current limit circuit in Fig. 2, compare, the current limit circuit of the improved form shown in Fig. 3 has increased by two P channel mosfet MP2, MP3 and a N-channel MOS FET MN2.MOSFET MP2 is connected in series between MOSFET MP1 and MN1, and its source electrode is connected to the drain electrode of MOSFET MP1, and its drain electrode is connected to the drain electrode of MOSFET MN1, and its grid is connected to the grid of MOSFET MP3.Grid and the drain electrode of MOSFET MP3 link together, the output voltage that the source electrode of MOSFET MP3 is connected to the circuit such as the voltage regulator of the current limit circuit that adopts Fig. 3 or DC-DC converter is adjusted the drain electrode of element Mpass (not shown in Fig. 3, referring to the part beyond dotted line frame in Fig. 4).The grid of MOSFET MN2 and source electrode are connected respectively to grid and the source electrode of MOSFET MN1, and the drain electrode of MOSFET MN2 is connected to the drain electrode of MOSFETMP3.MOSFET MN2 and MOSFET MN1 connect into current mirror circuit, are used to MOSFET MP3 that bias current is provided.MOSFET MP2 and MP3 are used for limiting the drain voltage that the drain voltage of MOSFET MP1 adjusts element with output voltage and equate so that flow through the electric current of MOSFET MP1 and the proportionate relationship that flows through between the electric current of output voltage adjustment element more accurate.
In this embodiment, MP2 and MP3 form amplifying circuit, and the source voltage of adjusting MP2 equates with the source voltage of MP3, and the drain voltage of MP1 equals V
onode voltage.The proportional relation of the electric current of MP1 and MPass like this, the proportionate relationship of the ratio of channel width-over-length ratio, the electric current of MP1 and the ratio of the electric current of MPass equal the ratio (for example proportionate relationship is 1:K) of the channel width-over-length ratio of MP1 and MPass, the electric current I of MP1
mP1equal (1/K) * Io, wherein I
mP1for the drain current of MP1, the electric current that Io is MPass.MN1, MN2 and MN3 form current mirror, for simplified characterization, suppose that its channel width-over-length ratio is 1:1:1.According to the KCL law, the drain current of MP1 equals the drain current of MN1.Therefore the drain current of MN3 also equals (1/K) * Io.MP4 adopts the different transistor (for example MP4 is the 5V PMOS that the threshold voltage absolute value is larger, and MP5 is 1.8V or the 1.2VPMOS that the threshold voltage absolute value is less) of threshold voltage with MP5, and meets |
(th) mp4| |
(th) mp5|.When the MP4 conducting, current limit circuit carries out current limliting to MPass, so can know by inference: I
mN3.R1+|V
thp5|=| V
thp4|, I wherein
mN3for the drain current of MN3, the threshold voltage that Vthp5 is transistor MP5, V
thp4threshold voltage for transistor MP4.Can obtain thus: I
mN3=(| V
(th) mp4|-| V
(th) mp5|)/R1.I when current limit occurs
o=K. (| V
(th) mp4|-| V
(th) mp5|)/R1.Because the threshold voltage of general PMOS is all negative temperature coefficient, even the PMOS of different threshold values, the temperature coefficient of its threshold voltage is all similar, so | V
(th) mp4|-| V
(th) mp5| temperature coefficient very little.Thereby, without adopting the very large R1 of negative temperature coefficient, can realize the current limit value of temperature coefficient preferably.
Other aspects of current limit circuit shown in Fig. 3 are all identical with the current limit circuit shown in Fig. 2, repeat no more here.
Except the dotted line frame with interior current limit circuit, the low pressure difference linear voltage regulator shown in Fig. 4 also comprise an error amplifier EA, one be connected to output voltage between input voltage VCC and output voltage V o adjust element MPass (in Fig. 4, it is a P channel mosfet), be connected to output voltage adjust between the in-phase input end of the drain electrode of element MPass and error amplifier EA and the in-phase input end of error amplifier EA and public ground node between two resistance R _ f 1 and Rf2.The inverting input of error amplifier EA is connected to a reference voltage source Ref, and its output terminal is connected to the control end that output voltage is adjusted element MPass, i.e. the grid MPG of MOSFET MPass.The grid of MOSFET MPass is also connected to the current limit circuit of this low pressure difference linear voltage regulator, and its source electrode is connected to input voltage VCC.In addition, load RL and shunt capacitance Co are connected between output voltage V o and public ground node.By backfeed loop, utilizing error amplifier EA to control output voltage V o to output voltage adjustment element MPass is known in the art, is no longer repeated here.
Referring now to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 shows current limit circuit according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, with Fig. 3, compares, and MP5 has been replaced by the PNP triode, I when current limit occurs
o=K. (|| V
(th) mp4|-V
be)/R1.V wherein
(th) mp4for the threshold voltage of transistor MP4, V
befor the base-emitter voltage of PNP triode MP5, the resistance value that R1 is resistance R 1.V due to PNP
bebe also generally negative temperature coefficient, so can be effectively and | V
(th) mp4| negative temperature coefficient offset, and (| V
(th) mp4|-V
be) there is temperature coefficient preferably.MP5 also can be replaced by NMOS or the NPN pipe of low threshold value.All the other working methods, all similar with aforesaid embodiment, therefore seldom repeat.
Above-described embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. for the current limit circuit of voltage regulator or DC-DC converter, this voltage regulator or DC-DC converter comprise an output voltage adjustment transistor (MPass), described output voltage is adjusted transistor and is comprised a control end (MPG), and described current limit circuit comprises:
Adjust with described output voltage the current sample transistor (MP1) that transistor (MPass) is identical, be connected to described output voltage and adjust transistor (MPass), make the ratio of the electric current that flows through described current sample transistor (MP1) and the electric current that flows through described output voltage adjustment transistor (MPass) equal the physical dimension of described current sample transistor (MP1) and the ratio that described output voltage is adjusted the physical dimension of transistor (MPass);
Current mirror circuit, be connected to described current sample transistor (MP1), for take flow through the transistorized electric current of described current sample as reference current produce one to the proportional image current of electric current that flows through described current sample transistor (MP1);
Current-voltage conversion circuit, be connected to described current mirror circuit, with produce one to the proportional voltage of described image current, it comprises the 5th transistor (MP5) and a resistance (R1), described resistance one end is connected to described current mirror circuit, the other end is connected to grid and the drain electrode of described the 5th transistor (MP5), and the source electrode of described the 5th transistor (MP5) is connected with the source electrode that output voltage is adjusted transistor (MPass);
Voltage comparator circuit (MP4), identical with described output voltage adjustment transistor (MPass), be connected to described current-voltage conversion circuit and described output voltage and adjust the control end (MPG) of transistor (MPass), for voltage and a threshold voltage that described current-voltage conversion circuit is produced, make comparisons, and when the voltage of described current-voltage conversion circuit generation is greater than described threshold voltage by the limiting voltage of described control end (MPG) at a predetermined voltage.
2. according to the current limit circuit of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described output voltage is adjusted transistor (MPass) and described current sample transistor (MP1) is MOSFET, the grid of described current sample transistor (MP1) and source electrode are connected respectively to grid and the source electrode that described output voltage is adjusted transistor (MPass), described control end (MPG) is the grid that described output voltage is adjusted transistor (MPass), and described physical dimension is channel width-over-length ratio.
3. according to the current limit circuit of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described current mirror circuit comprises two identical the first transistors (MN1) and the 3rd transistor (MN3), wherein the first transistor is connected with described current sample transistor (MP1), the 3rd transistor (MN3) is connected to described current-voltage conversion circuit, and the first transistor (MN1) is connected with the 3rd transistor (MN3), make described image current and the ratio that flows through the electric current of described current sample transistor (MP1) equal the ratio of the physical dimension of the physical dimension of the 3rd transistor (MN3) and the first transistor (MN1), wherein said first MOSFET that is the same type that is connected respectively with source electrode of grid with the 3rd transistor, described physical dimension is channel width-over-length ratio.
4. according to the current limit circuit of claim 3, it is characterized in that, described current limit circuit also comprises that source electrode is connected respectively to the 2nd P channel MOS tube (MP2) and the 3rd P channel MOS tube (MP3) that the transistorized drain electrode of described current sample and described output voltage are adjusted transistorized drain electrode, for making the transistorized drain voltage of described current sample and described output voltage adjust transistorized drain voltage, equate, the grid of described the 2nd P channel MOS tube and drain electrode are connected to the grid of described the 3rd P channel MOS tube (MP3), wherein said current limit circuit also comprises transistor seconds (MN2), be used to described the 3rd P channel MOS tube (MP3) that bias current is provided, the drain electrode of described the 2nd P channel MOS tube (MP2) is connected to the drain electrode of described the first transistor (MN1), the grid of described the 3rd transistor (MN3) and source electrode are connected respectively to grid and the source electrode of described the first transistor (MN1), the drain electrode of described the 3rd transistor (MN3) is connected to the drain electrode of described the 3rd P channel MOS tube (MP3).
5. according to the current limit circuit of claim 4, it is characterized in that, the ratio of the channel width-over-length ratio of the channel width-over-length ratio of described transistor seconds (MN2) and described the first transistor (MN1) equals the ratio of the channel width-over-length ratio of described transistor seconds (MN3) and described the first transistor (MN1).
6. current limit circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the MOSFET that described the 5th transistor (MP5) and voltage comparator circuit (MP4) are same type.
7. current limit circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described the 5th transistor (MP5) is the PNP triode.
8. according to the current limit circuit of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the source electrode of described voltage comparator circuit is connected to described output voltage and adjusts transistorized source electrode.
9. a voltage regulator, comprise the current limit circuit of any one in claim 1-8.
10. a DC-DC converter, comprise the current limit circuit of any one in claim 1-18.
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| CN115237199A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-10-25 | 平头哥(上海)半导体技术有限公司 | Voltage processing circuit and digital temperature sensor |
| CN115237199B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2024-03-26 | 平头哥(上海)半导体技术有限公司 | Voltage processing circuit and digital temperature sensor |
| CN114740944A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-12 | 北京紫光芯能科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted microcontroller, low dropout linear regulator and overcurrent protection circuit thereof |
| CN114740944B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2024-01-02 | 北京紫光芯能科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted microcontroller, low-dropout linear voltage regulator and overcurrent protection circuit thereof |
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