CN103477938B - The fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield - Google Patents
The fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield, it is characterized in that: the method adopting mixing fertilising when topdressing, preferred mixing fertile by urea Yu ammonium compound fertilizer form, the ratio of urea and black ammonium compound fertilizer is about 1:3, fertilizing amount is 0.15kg under every square metre, urea tree crown, black ammonium compound fertilizer 0.45kg.Adopt fertilizing method of the present invention, N, P, K and microelement match and consumption reasonable, the growth of meta-alkalescence soil walnut is surging, ripening rate is high, fruit high-quality, oil yield are high, increases economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer application, particularly relate to the fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield.
Background technology
Walnut is suitable in neutrality to slightly acidic grown on soil, and its soil pH value is between 5.5 ~ 7.5.Growth is in adapt circumstance soil, and its tree vigo(u)r is healthy and strong, and result is many, and output is high, and then increases economic efficiency for orchard worker; Growth in the unfavorable soil environment of meta-alkalescence, then can form " stunted tree " or spike top phenomenon year after year, can not result, is great loss concerning orchard worker.
China's some areas soil meta-alkalescence phenomenon is serious, the biological nature of syncaryon peach, is not suitable for planting walnut, can not meet the interests demand of these regional orchard workers.Find after deliberation, the elements such as N, P, K are very big on the impact of walnut quality, effectively can solve by measures such as fertilisings the problem that walnut can not grow in meta-alkalescence soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the fertilizing method that a kind of meta-alkalescence soil walnut is got bumper crops is provided, solve the phenomenon that the growth of meta-alkalescence soil walnut is unfavorable, fruiting rate is low, shedding is serious, solve the inferior problem of meta-alkalescence soil walnut institute tuberculosis peach.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield, mainly comprises the following steps:
1, soil is fattened and tree-like pruning
(1) basal dressing: meta-alkalescence soil walnut is from plantation, basal dressing before and after annual fall foliage, described base manure is that sheep manure fermentation forms, fertilizing method is annular groove fertilising, it is characterized in that: in the position of distance walnut trunk base portion 1 ~ 1.5 meter, annular groove is dug out around walnut trunk, then to basal dressing in ditch, the consumption of base manure is relevant to tree crown size, under every square metre of crown mapping area, fertilizing amount is 0.13kg, wherein, described ring-type ditch depth 30 ~ 50 centimetres, furrow width 15 ~ 20 centimetres;
(2) tree-like pruning: annual winter carries out tree-like pruning to meta-alkalescence soil walnut, prunes employing and draws an angle of release method, eliminate apical dominance, impel walnut tree crown to expand;
(3) topdress: meta-alkalescence soil walnut dressing time is mid-March, topdress and adopt mixing fertilizing method, fertilizing method is trench fertilising, and the degree of depth of dressing furrow is relevant with hair root quantity with width, and fertilizing amount calculates according to tree crown size.It is characterized in that: described mixing fertilizer be urea Yu ?ammonium compound fertilizer mix, the ratio of urea and black ammonium compound fertilizer is about 1:3, thus fertilizing amount when topdressing is 0.15kg under every square metre, urea tree crown, composite fertilizer 0.45kg.
The effective content 46% of N in described urea, the effective content 4% of the N effective content 5% in the ?ammonium compound fertilizer stated, the effective content 12.5%, K of P, in addition containing the organic matter being greater than 30%, is greater than amino acid and other trace element of 14%.
The computational methods of described tree crown are: with crown mapping areal calculation, and actual measurement tree crown thing and north and south diameter, calculate average diameter d, crown mapping area s=π (d/2)
2, Production rate, surveys number of bearing fruit, then is multiplied by mean fruit weight, be gross yield.Unit crown mapping area output=gross yield/s.
2, soil and water management and weeding
Pour water and to carry out with applying fertilizer to coordinate, frequency of irrigation is relevant with local climate condition with the water yield, and during arid, two weeks is poured water once, and each irrigation quantity wants complete wetting walnut crown mapping region, when rainfall is suitable for, monthly pours water once, to ensure the moisture of abundance;
Annual weeding 3 ~ 5 times in tree dish, is sure not to use weed killer herbicide, accomplishes that native pine mushroom is clean.
3, pest control
Insect pest mainly prevents and treats scale insect, and when insect pest occurs, use speed to slaughter immediately and spray, winter whitewashes trunk after fallen leaves and sprays lime sulfur, and 3 ~ April of next year, with the flolimat sprinkling control of 40%, effects a radical cure through one-year age.
The present invention adopts mixing fertilizing method, solves meta-alkalescence soil walnut and grows disadvantageous problem, compared with prior art, have following beneficial effect:
(1) N and P is the key element improving output, K is also indispensable with other trace element, and the proportioning of N and P and consumption large to walnut growth effect, fertilizer applications of the present invention makes the element proportioning of meta-alkalescence soil walnut N and P and consumption reach optimal effectiveness, nutritive element is sufficient, tree vigo(u)r strengthens, and tree crown increases, output increased;
(2) apply fertilizer in fertilizing method of the present invention with tree-like pruning in conjunction with compact, raising output and increase tree crown are accomplished optimum, effectively prevents the problem of walnut apical growth;
(3) fertilizing method of the present invention has the advantage that walnut ripening rate is high, fruit is excellent.
Embodiment
In order to further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be illustrated below by example.
Longnan City representational meta-alkalescence sandy loam Hetaoyuan (the fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade High Density Planting Orchard of Longnan City walnut research institute of economic forest research institute Walnut Cultivars Demonstration Garden) is selected to be test site.In order in order to be effective reasonability, in whole test, each test walnut land occupation condition, rich water quality management, base manure are all on same level of production line, the walnut age of tree 8 years.
The environmental condition in test garden: geographical position is 104 ° 51 ', eastern footpath, north latitude 33 ° 20 ', is located on river valley, white Dragon River alluvial fan, height above sea level 1024m; Weather belongs to north subtropical north river valley, territory semi-arid climate, average temperature of the whole year 14.9 DEG C, January mean temperature of air 2.7 DEG C, July mean temperature of air 24.7 DEG C, year Extreme Maximum Temperature 39.9 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature-8.1 DEG C, be more than or equal to 10 DEG C year effective accumulated temperature 4568.7 DEG C; Annual sunshine duration 1921 hours, solar radiation total amount 109.0 kilocalories/cm3; Frost-free season average out to 260d, the shortest 209d, the longest 307d that reaches; Mean wind speed 1 ~ 1.9m/s.Soil is the blue or green sand of proluvial parent material development on alluvial fan, and test garden is the bench terrace that farming utilizes after trimming, and soil layer is comparatively deep, loose.
Test Orchard Soil condition: natural moisture content 3.5%, nitrogenous 0.113%, phosphorus 0.063%, potassium 0.335%, soil organic matter content 1.22%, pH value 7.32
Fertilizing method of the present invention is realized by following steps:
1, soil is fattened and tree-like pruning
(1) basal dressing: this test garden walnut from plantation start, basal dressing before and after annual fall foliage, described base manure is that sheep manure fermentation forms, fertilizing method be annular groove apply fertilizer, ring-type ditch depth 30 ~ 50 centimetres, furrow width 15 ~ 20 centimetres;
Described annular groove fertilizing method is: in the position of distance walnut trunk base portion 1 ~ 1.5 meter, annular groove is dug out around walnut trunk, then to basal dressing in ditch, the consumption of base manure is relevant to tree crown size, and under every square metre of crown mapping area, fertilizing amount is 0.13kg;
(2) tree-like pruning: annual winter carries out tree-like pruning to test garden walnut, prunes employing and draws an angle of release method, eliminate apical dominance, impel walnut tree crown to expand;
(3) topdress: test garden walnut dressing time is mid-March, topdresses and adopts mixing fertilizing method, and fertilizing method is trench fertilising, and the degree of depth of dressing furrow is relevant with hair root quantity with width, and fertilizing amount calculates according to tree crown size.
The computational methods of described tree crown are: with crown mapping areal calculation, and actual measurement tree crown thing and north and south diameter, calculate average diameter d, crown mapping area s=π (d/2)
2, Production rate, surveys number of bearing fruit, then is multiplied by mean fruit weight, be gross yield.Unit crown mapping area output=gross yield/s.
Described mixing fertilizer be urea Yu ?ammonium compound fertilizer mix, the ratio of urea and black ammonium compound fertilizer is about 1:3, thus fertilizing amount when topdressing is 0.15kg under every square metre, urea tree crown, composite fertilizer 0.45kg.Wherein, urea is that PetroChina Company Ltd. produces, and black ammonium compound fertilizer is the N P and K black compoiste fertilizer of 20% of the prosperous capital goods in the agricultural sector Co., Ltd in Xi'an one hundred production.
2, soil and water management and weeding
Pour water and to carry out with applying fertilizer to coordinate, frequency of irrigation is relevant with local climate condition with the water yield, and during arid, two weeks is poured water once, and each irrigation quantity wants complete wetting walnut crown mapping region, when rainfall is suitable for, monthly pours water once, to ensure the moisture of abundance;
Annual weeding 3 ~ 5 times in tree dish, is sure not to use weed killer herbicide, accomplishes that native pine mushroom is clean.
3, pest control
Insect pest mainly prevents and treats scale insect, and when insect pest occurs, use speed to slaughter immediately and spray, winter whitewashes trunk after fallen leaves and sprays lime sulfur, and 3 ~ April of next year, with the flolimat sprinkling control of 40%, effects a radical cure through one-year age.
Adopt fertilizing method of the present invention, increase meta-alkalescence soil walnut growth factor, solve meta-alkalescence soil walnut and grow disadvantageous problem, improve the ripening rate of walnut simultaneously, and then increase economic efficiency.
One, in order to verify actual effect of the present invention, adopting and carrying out observation analysis with the following method:
1, young sprout growth is measured: fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade kind is deployed into from early April young leaves and substantially stops growing mid-July; Occur 2 branches be mid-June to mid-July, every year carried out to the selective examination of shoot length testing tree late July, near tree crown, select 4 to represent branch (branch that length ratio is maximum), measure and represent branch growth amount.2, the investigation of fruit drop rate: according to standard branch selective examination number fruit, according to average nut number estimation output in the end of the year per jin, the actual production surveying product after then estimating output and gather compares, and fruit drop rate=(actual production-estimation output)/actual production * 100%.
3, the observation of body three index (trunk diameter, the height of tree, hat width) amount of growth is set: to each observation tree, its leading thread is surveyed with slide measure at the trunk place (red paint label) high apart from earth's surface 5cm, with spoiling its height of tree of dipstick metering, steel tape measurement hat width, annual mid-April and late July respectively measure 1 time.Annual increment is calculated from twice data difference.
4, resistance investigation: mainly refer to the resistivity to natural calamity and damage by disease and insect, damage by disease and insect has a strong impact on the yield and quality of nut, other wind resistances, cold-resistant, drought resisting, anti-late frost etc., investigate at any time after disaster occurs.
5, nut quality analysis: gather full ripe fruit, after nut airing is dry, gets 10 ~ 20 normotrophic nuts and carries out indoor species test analysis as sample.The main analysis content has nut shape, size, three footpath mean values, mean fruit weight, shell varied in thickness, kernel color, local flavor, average kernel percent and oil content etc.
Two, results and analysis:
1, volume analysis: on average every walnut produces Chinese olive 39.2kg per year, namely every square metre of projected area output dry fruit is 2.5kg, but relative kernel percent, the same ordinary circumstance of shell, mean fruit weight increases by more than 2.5 grams, fruit size obviously increases, and three footpath averages increase by 0.5 cm.
2, walnut tree vigor situation: adopt technical solution of the present invention, vegetative period, walnut leaf color was dark green, and without damage by disease and insect, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, resistance against diseases all strengthens.
3, fruit shell smooth surface, attractive in appearance, suture is put down, and combines closely, and get benevolence easily, kernel is full and color and luster good, and meanwhile, from oil yield, fruit oil yield also increases.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, adopt fertilizing method of the present invention, N, P, K and trace element fertilizer coordinate rationally, effectively improve walnut yield and quality, increase economic benefit.
Claims (4)
1. the fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield, its key step is as follows:
(1) soil is fattened and tree-like pruning
1. basal dressing: meta-alkalescence soil walnut from plantation start, basal dressing before and after annual fall foliage, described base manure is that sheep manure fermentation forms, fertilizing method be annular groove apply fertilizer, ring-type ditch depth 30 ~ 50 centimetres, furrow width 15 ~ 20 centimetres;
2. tree-like pruning: annual winter carries out tree-like pruning to meta-alkalescence soil walnut, prunes employing and draws an angle of release method, eliminate apical dominance, impel walnut tree crown to expand;
3. topdress: meta-alkalescence soil walnut dressing time is mid-March, select be made up of urea and black ammonium compound fertilizer mix fertilizer, the ratio of urea and black ammonium compound fertilizer is 1:3, and fertilizing amount is 0.15kg under every square metre, urea tree crown, composite fertilizer 0.45kg; Fertilizing method is trench fertilising, and the degree of depth of dressing furrow is relevant with hair root quantity with width, and fertilizing amount calculates according to tree crown size, the computational methods of tree crown are: with crown mapping areal calculation, actual measurement tree crown thing and north and south diameter, calculate average diameter d, crown mapping area s=π (d/2)
2;
(2) soil and water management and weeding
Pour water and to carry out with applying fertilizer to coordinate, frequency of irrigation is relevant with local climate condition with the water yield, and during arid, two weeks is poured water once, and each irrigation quantity wants complete wetting walnut crown mapping region, when rainfall is suitable for, monthly pours water once, to ensure the moisture of abundance;
Annual weeding 3 ~ 5 times in tree dish, is sure not to use weed killer herbicide, accomplishes that native pine mushroom is clean;
(3) pest control
Insect pest mainly prevents and treats scale insect, and when insect pest occurs, use speed to slaughter immediately and spray, winter whitewashes trunk after fallen leaves and sprays lime sulfur, and 3 ~ April of next year, with the flolimat sprinkling control of 40%, effects a radical cure through one-year age.
2. the fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described basal dressing step, annular groove applying method is: in the position of distance walnut trunk base portion 1 ~ 1.5 meter, annular groove is dug out around walnut trunk, then to basal dressing in ditch, the consumption of base manure is relevant to tree crown size, and under every square metre of crown mapping area, fertilizing amount is 0.13kg.
3. the fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the effective content 46% of N in the urea selected.
4. the fertilizing method of meta-alkalescence soil walnut high yield according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the N effective content 5% in described black ammonium compound fertilizer, the effective content 12.5% of P, the effective content 4% of K, in addition containing the organic matter being greater than 30%, be greater than amino acid and other trace element of 14%.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103947498A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Trimming method of young walnut trees |
| CN105028093A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 夏治刚 | Method for planting walnut trees |
| CN104987155A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-21 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Special compound fertilizer for walnut high yield and preparation method thereof |
| CN106385924A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 镇沅忠林现代农业科技发展有限公司 | Ancient walnut tree fertilization method |
| CN106941845A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 镇远县醉美果业有限公司 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving walnut yield |
| CN107182525A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 铜仁市绿缘生态农林发展有限公司 | A kind of method that grass backfill peach woods is planted in peach woods |
| CN107258440B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-04-21 | 昭通市土壤肥料工作站 | Alternate ditching, fertilizer accumulation and root collection method for planting green manure in apple orchard around fruit trees |
| CN107493778A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of mountain area walnut fertilizing method |
| CN112559948A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-26 | 西北农林科技大学 | Water irrigation quota calculation method for water-saving irrigation design of fruit trees |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1481669A (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-03-17 | 樊金拴 | Quick reproducing method for improved walnut seeds |
| CN101595819A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | Improved variety of walnut seed selection and high-yield cultivating method |
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