CN103476830A - Lcst聚合物 - Google Patents
Lcst聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103476830A CN103476830A CN2012800179114A CN201280017911A CN103476830A CN 103476830 A CN103476830 A CN 103476830A CN 2012800179114 A CN2012800179114 A CN 2012800179114A CN 201280017911 A CN201280017911 A CN 201280017911A CN 103476830 A CN103476830 A CN 103476830A
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- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SUEDCWGEKSLKOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-diphenylphosphorylmethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SUEDCWGEKSLKOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- ZFDIRQKJPRINOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=CC ZFDIRQKJPRINOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
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- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- USUBUUXHLGKOHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylidenehexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=C)C(=O)OC USUBUUXHLGKOHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIJAWKYEJBPVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-yl but-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)C=CC)=CC=CC2=C1 IIJAWKYEJBPVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous amide Chemical compound ON=N XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYKNGOPXRHUCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cyclohexylhydroxylamine Chemical compound NOC1CCCCC1 KYKNGOPXRHUCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VCAFTIGPOYBOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 VCAFTIGPOYBOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical group COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHSPZGZEUDEIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C QHSPZGZEUDEIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及LCST聚合物以及它们的制备方法和用途。
Description
描述
本发明涉及LCST聚合物以及它们的制备方法和用途。
基于聚环氧烷的所谓LCST聚合物是已知的。LCST是下部临界会溶温度的简称,LCST聚合物是在较低温度下能溶于液体介质中、但在特定温度以上时能从此液体介质沉淀出来的聚合物,即浊点或LCST温度。这种过程是可逆的,所以此体系在冷却下来时再次变成均匀的。溶液在冷却下变澄清时的温度称为浊点(参见2006年9月的德国标准DIN EN1890)。此温度是对于特定物质的特征。
WO01/60926A1公开了一种用LCST聚合物涂覆粒子的方法,其中LCST聚合物在低于LCST的温度下溶于溶剂中,所获得的溶液与要涂覆的粒子混合,然后所得混合物的温度升高到高于LCST的温度,从而在粒子表面上沉淀LCST聚合物。
WO2004/046258A2公开了LCST聚合物,其是基于聚环氧烷,所述聚环氧烷在端部被任选取代的丙烯酸酯取代。WO2004/046258A2还公开了使用这些LCST聚合物涂覆粒子和非颗粒状的基质表面,其中使所述聚合物在液体介质中与粒子和所述表面分别在低于LCST温度的温度下接触,使温度升高到高于LCST温度,并且在此温度或更高的温度下分别在粒子表面上和所述表面上经由双键聚合所述聚合物。
本发明提供通式I的化合物,更特别是LCST聚合物,
其中
R1和R2各自(独立地)是氢或烷基,更尤其是具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,更尤其是甲基,
A是含有基团A1和A2的基团,
其中
R3至R6是相同或不同的,并且各自是H,C1-C5烷基,更尤其是甲基、乙基、丙基,或芳基,更尤其是苯基,
l是1或0,
m是1或0,前提是l+m是至少1,
n是1-100,
o是0-5,
p是0-5,前提是o+p是3-5,
q是1-100,
其中根据2006年9月的德国标准DIN EN1890按照方法E的工序检测时,所述式I化合物具有40-80℃范围内的浊点,更尤其是60-80℃,并且A2单元是包含在A基团中的末端位置处。
根据2006年9月的德国标准DIN EN1890按照方法E的工序,将5g样品加入锥形瓶中,并与25g的二甘醇单正丁基醚(BDG)的具有25%质量比例的水溶液混合。此混合物进行搅拌直到样品形成透明溶液。然后用加热装置在缓慢搅拌下加热此液体,直到其完全混浊。然后在搅拌下逐渐冷却。混浊消失、即溶液澄清时的温度是浊点。
A1更尤其是以下基团之一:
A2更尤其是以下基团之一:
其中n和q各自如上定义。
A优选由A1和A2组成,更尤其是基团-A2-A1-A2-。
在基团A1和A2中的重复单元可以形成无规分布或嵌段排布。
当基团A2不仅包括丙二醇基团、而且包括聚四氢呋喃单元时,聚四氢呋喃单元优选位于末端。
基团A1和A2可以是被取代的,更尤其被具有1-4个碳原子的烷基或芳基取代,更尤其被苯基取代。取代的重复单元基团的例子是苯基取代的乙二醇基团(氧化苯乙烯)。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,A具有以下结构:
-(PO)x-(EO)y-(PO)z-,其中
EO是乙二醇基团,
PO是丙二醇基团,
x和z是相同或不同的,各自是1-100,更尤其是1-20,和
y是1-100,更尤其是1-90。
在另一个优选实施方案中,
x和z是相同或不同的,各自是5-10,和
y是60-80,更尤其是65-75。
结构-(PO)x-(EO)y-(PO)z优选具有5-85重量%的EO重量比例,并且数均摩尔质量(Mn)是200-50,000g/mol。
特别优选的化合物符合下式:
其中
x和z是相同或不同的,各自是0.1-200,更尤其是5-20,和
y各自是相同或不同的,是1-100,更尤其是60-80。
本发明的化合物能用于通过将这些化合物施用到基质表面上并聚合来制备涂层。
本发明因此还提供一种在从可熔融的基质S形成的成型制品的表面上制备基于式I化合物的涂层的方法,更尤其在熔融纺丝工艺中的纤维上或在挤出之后的自支持性膜上,此方法包括:
a)提供熔融形式的基质,
b)经由合适的设备V、优选口型或齿缝使熔融的基质形成成型制品,更尤其形成纤维或自支持性膜,其中,
c)成型制品在从所述设备V出来时具有高于所述式I化合物的浊点的温度,和
d)使所述成型制品的表面在高于浊点的温度下与所述式I化合物接触,从而沉积所述式I化合物,
其中所述式I化合物中的双键的聚合反应是在沉积到表面上之后引发的,从而在表面上形成优选交联的涂层。
在一个优选的实施方案中,
-成型制品在从所述设备V出来之后被加入优选含水的浴B中,所述浴B含有所述式I化合物和任选地聚合引发剂,其中成型制品在其进入所述浴时具有高于浊点的温度,
-所述式I化合物沉积在成型制品上,
-所述浴具有低于浊点的温度,和
-聚合在低于浊点的温度下进行。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种在从可熔融的基质S形成的成型制品的表面上制备涂层的方法,更尤其在熔融纺丝工艺中在纤维上,或者在挤出之后在自支持性膜上,按照上述步骤a)至d)进行,其中在根据本发明的所述式I化合物沉积到表面上之后,所述式I化合物中的双键的聚合反应是通过光聚合进行的。光聚合可以通过用电磁辐射辐照所述体系来诱导,所述电磁辐射具有直接被式I化合物吸收的波长,或者聚合反应通过使用光引发剂辐照来诱导。
在另一个优选实施方案中,从所述设备V出来的成型制品立即在高于浊点的温度下进入喷雾设备,并且在那里用所述式I化合物喷雾,优选以水溶液的形式进行,其中喷雾分散的聚合物的温度低于浊点,从而在基质表面上沉积所述式I化合物。
特别优选的基质是聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯或聚氨酯。在另一个优选实施方案中,基质是玻璃、钢或木材。
双键的聚合反应可以在浴B中进行,或在浴B中的处理之后进行。为了引发聚合,优选加入聚合引发剂。
本发明式I化合物中的丙烯酸酯基团的聚合反应优选按照自由基方式进行,更尤其是从水溶液或醇溶液进行。聚合反应优选在自由基形成剂的存在下进行,更尤其是有机或无机过氧化物、偶氮化合物或金属/有机金属化合物。所得聚合物的摩尔质量可以通过加入合适的链转移剂控制,更尤其是硫醇、有机卤素化合物、醛或黄原酸盐或硝酰基自由基形成剂。聚合温度优选是50-100℃,更尤其是60-80℃。
本发明式I化合物中的丙烯酸酯基团的聚合反应也可以使用光引发剂引发。光引发剂的用量一般是0.01-10重量%,更尤其是0.01-3重量%,都基于式I化合物计。用作光引发剂的化合物能在暴露于光合光时形成自由基并能诱导式I化合物的快速光聚合。可能的光引发剂包括例如偶姻和偶姻醚,芳族二酮以及它们的衍生物,和多核醌。特别合适的是苯偶姻和α-羟基甲基苯偶姻甲基醚,或苯偶姻甲基醚、苯偶姻异丙基醚,偶苯酰单缩酮,例如偶苯酰二甲基缩酮、偶苯酰甲基乙基缩酮、偶苯酰甲基苄基缩酮、偶苯酰新戊基缩酮,或二芳基氧化膦,如德国待审公开标准DOS2909992所述,优选2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦,更尤其是2,4,6-三甲基-苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦。优选光引发剂在类型和用量方面使得它们仅仅需要短的最小暴露时间,优选不超过数分钟,以引发对于暴露于光合光时的光聚合,更尤其是紫外光聚合。
当使用光引发剂时,可以另外使用热聚合引发剂,例如氢醌、对-甲氧基苯酚、二硝基苯、对-醌、亚甲基蓝、β-萘酚,N-亚硝基胺,例如N-亚硝基二苯基胺,吩噻嗪,含磷的酯,例如亚磷酸三苯基酯或盐,更尤其是N-亚硝基环己基羟基胺的碱金属盐和铝盐。引发剂的用量可以是0.001-3重量%,优选0.01-1重量%,基于式I化合物计。
在另一个实施方案中,在根据本发明使用的式I化合物中的丙烯酸酯端基的0.1-99摩尔%、更尤其20-50摩尔%可以被以下基团代替:
a)马来酸或马来酸衍生物(尤其是酯),
b)富马酸和其酯,
c)羟基烷基丙烯酸酯,
d)乙烯基醚,
e)(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,
f)烯丙基缩水甘油基醚,
g)羟基丁基乙烯基醚。
式I化合物的制备
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的式I化合物
是通过下式化合物:
其中A如上定义,
与下式化合物
和任选地下式化合物:
按照至少1:1至1:4、更尤其1:2的摩尔比反应制备的,
其中
R1和R2各自如上所定义,和
X是羟基,卤素,优选氯,酸基团,具有1-100个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基。
此反应优选在溶剂中进行,例如一元叔醇,优选叔丁醇、叔戊醇、吡啶,聚C1-C4亚烷基二醇二-C1-C4-烷基醚,优选聚乙二醇二-C1-C4-烷基醚,例如1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、二甘醇二甲基醚、聚乙二醇二甲基醚500,甲基叔丁基醚,乙基叔丁基醚,C1-C4-亚烷基碳酸酯,更尤其是碳酸亚丙基酯,乙酸C3-C6-烷基酯,更尤其是乙酸叔丁基酯,四氢呋喃,甲苯,1,3-二氧戊环,丙酮,异丁基甲基酮,乙基甲基酮,1,4-二烷,叔丁基甲基醚,环己烷,甲基环己烷,甲苯,己烷,二甲氧基甲烷,1,1-二甲氧基乙烷,乙腈,以及它们的单相或多相混合物。
可以有利的是除去释放的水,但是更尤其在没有溶剂的情况下进行反应,即在丙烯酸衍生物本身中进行,尤其在20-200℃的温度下在合适的化学催化剂或生物酶的存在下进行,优选在2-11的pH下进行。
根据本发明优选的式I化合物可以如下获得:
1.预制的化合物
直接与(甲基)丙烯酸或(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物反应,
2.丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯在以下情况下进行酯交换:
a)化学催化,
b)酶催化。
可用于酯交换的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯包括例如:具有1-40个碳原子的直链、支化或脂环族醇的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸乙基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸正丁基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸异丁基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸戊基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸月桂基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸环己基酯,(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸芳基酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸苄基酯或(甲基)丙烯酸苯基酯,它们可以各自是未取代的芳基或被取代1-4次的芳基;其它芳族取代的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸萘基酯;具有5-80个碳原子的醚、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或其混合物的单(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如甲基丙烯酸四氢糠基酯,甲基丙烯酸甲氧基(甲)乙氧基乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸1-丁氧基丙基酯,甲基丙烯酸环己基氧基甲基酯,甲基丙烯酸苄基氧基甲基酯,甲基丙烯酸糠基酯,甲基丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸烯丙氧基甲基酯,甲基丙烯酸1-乙氧基丁基酯,甲基丙烯酸1-乙氧基乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸乙氧基甲基酯,聚乙二醇甲基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和聚丙二醇甲基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
优选的用于直接合成的参数是:
温度:80-160℃,优选90-130℃
醇/(甲基)丙烯酸:1:0.7-1.2(摩尔)
催化剂:硫酸或磺酸,优选甲磺酸
催化剂用量:0.1-10重量%(优选0.5-5重量%),基于原料计,
反应时间:1-10小时,优选1-6小时
任选地,夹带剂(例如环己烷或甲苯)用于除去酯化的水。酯化反应可以在大气压、超计大气压或在减压下进行,不仅可以连续地进行,也可以间歇地进行。
用于酯交换的优选参数和原料是:
温度:30-180℃,优选50-130℃
催化剂用量:0.1-10重量%的催化剂,优选0.1-5重量%,更优选0.2-2重量%的催化剂,基于全部反应混合物计,
催化剂:有机金属氧化物,有机金属卤化物,例如二有机锡氧化物,二有机锡卤化物,无机酸、尤其磷酸的碱金属盐,过渡金属醇盐例如钛醇盐,碱金属氨基化物,例如氨基化锂,碱金属和碱土金属醇盐,例如叔丁醇钾,酸例如硫酸,烷基或芳基磺酸,例如对甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸,无机酸或碱性(混合)氧化物,例如沸石,铝-硅混合氧化物,钛-硅混合氧化物或氧化镁,或硅酸镁,
在有或没有溶剂的情况下,(甲基)丙烯酸酯的过量为1:50至1:500摩尔/摩尔,更优选1:100至1:400,基于基质计。
化学酯交换反应可以在大气压、超计大气压或减压下进行,不仅可以连续地进行,而且可以间歇地进行。
酶催化的酯交换优选在以下条件下进行:
温度:10-80℃,更优选20-40℃
pH:5-8
催化剂:脂酶
在有或没有溶剂的情况下,(甲基)丙烯酸酯的过量为1:50至1:500摩尔/摩尔,更优选1:100至1:400,基于基质计。
酶催化的酯交换反应可以在大气压、超计大气压或减压下进行,不仅可以连续地进行,而且可以间歇地进行。
优选的设备V例如是:
a)关于纤维的熔融纺丝方面的已知设备
对于本发明方法,根据此实施方案,它们包括当纤维在口型出现之后立即使用的喷雾设备,或浴,所述浴优选含有本发明聚合物的水溶液。所述浴可以另外含有聚合引发剂以进行聚合。但是,也可以将聚合引发剂在另外其它的浴中施用到纤维上。这更尤其有利的是避免聚合物在凝结浴中的任何过早聚合。
b)常规的膜生产装备,例如基于挤出机,其能输送基质的熔体和/或能将基质熔融,并将其经由口型挤出,更尤其是宽的齿缝式口型,从而形成膜。
在另一个优选实施方案中,增效剂与本发明式I化合物一起沉积到成型体上。增效剂更尤其是用于改进成型体、更尤其膜和纤维的性能的化合物,例如UV稳定剂、颜料、纳米粒子、IR吸收化合物等。为此,这些增效剂可以优选与聚合物一起包含在浴B中。
本发明的成型制品,即膜和纤维,可以按照常规方式拉伸,包括更尤其在丙烯酸酯基团的施用和聚合之后。
实施例
实施例1.1合成聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇共聚物
先在干净的5L钢反应器中加入二甘醇(53.05g,0.5mol)和叔丁醇钾(10.2g,0.5重量%的最终用量)。此体系用氮气惰化三次达到5巴,并加热到120℃,此时通过质量控制的计量添加加入环氧乙烷(1364.0g)。然后将温度升高到130℃,并在700分钟内加入环氧丙烷(638g,11mol)。此体系随后在搅拌下反应4小时并冷却到80℃。
粗产物与硅酸镁(3重量%)混合,并且在旋转蒸发器上搅拌1小时之后,在压力下经由900Seitz过滤介质过滤。
产物通过使用EN1890的方法E检测其浊点来表征:将5g样品溶解在25g的丁基二甘醇水溶液(c=250g/l)中并加热。
产率:2101.33g
Mn:4700
Mw:5000
浊点:71℃
实施例1.2合成(聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇)二丙烯酸酯
在6L四颈烧瓶中合并以下物质:来自实施例1.1的PPG-PEG-PPG(250g,0.05mol),丙烯酸乙酯(1000g,10mol),分子筛粉末(Fluka)55.5g(10倍于基于所得醇的理论量)。
以下物质作为稳定剂加入:4-甲氧基苯酚(MeHQ):98.6mg;(Aldrich)(99%[GC])(400ppm,基于产物理论量计);吩噻嗪(PTZ):3.0mg(Fluka)(purum;≥98.0%[GC])(10ppm,基于产物理论量计)。
Novozym435(33.71g)(7.0重量%,基于原料计)在约30℃下在加热期间加入。将批料在40℃和150rmp下搅拌48小时(浴46℃),使用玻璃PTFE强力搅拌器在引入空气的情况下进行。
然后将批料经由4L玻璃真空过滤器G2吸滤而过滤出去,所述过滤器填充有硅胶60(0.040-0.064mm)并在约500-600巴下进行,用4L丙酮洗涤,并在60℃下在旋转干燥器中在引入空气的情况下干燥以除去丙烯酸乙酯残余物。
产物通过使用EN1890的方法E检测其浊点来表征:将5g样品溶解在25g的丁基二甘醇水溶液(c=250g/l)中并加热。
产率:260g的透明油,在室温下固化
Mn:4900
Mw:5200
浊点:66℃
实施例2:纤维的涂覆
纤维的涂覆是例如使用用于聚丙烯的熔融纺丝方法检测的。以下组分的水溶液(重量%)用于此目的:
10%的LCST聚合物,如实施例1.3所述
0.5%的乙二胺四乙酸钠盐
0.1%的粘合促进剂(聚乙烯亚胺)
0.5%的2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐自由基引发剂
余量:水
两阶段挤出纺丝装备(POY,FDY)用于从熔体在295℃的口型温度下获得微纤维(120dtexf32)[dtex:是衡量线细度的单位。其表示10000米纤维的重量克数]。在冷却过程中,纤维与LCST聚合物溶液在80-100℃的温度下通过喷雾接触(在纤维材料从纺丝口出来之后的约100cm)。所获得的被纤维涂覆的纱线具有改进的性能,尤其在柔性和亲和性方面。
Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中A由A1和A2组成。
5.根据上述权利要求中至少一项的化合物,其中A具有以下结构之一:
-(PO)x-(EO)y-(PO)z,或
-(pTHF)x-(EO)y-(pTHF)z-,
其中
EO、PO和pTHF各自如权利要求2和3所定义,和其中
x和z是相同或不同的,各自是1-100,更尤其是1-10,和
y是1-100,更尤其是10-90。
6.根据权利要求5的化合物,其中,
x和z是相同或不同的,各自是5-20,和
y是60-80,更尤其是65-75。
7.根据上述权利要求中至少一项的化合物用于制备涂层的用途,其中将所述化合物施用到基质表面上并且聚合。
8.一种在从可熔融的基质S形成的成型制品的表面上制备基于根据上述权利要求中至少一项的式I化合物的涂层的方法,更尤其在熔融纺丝工艺中的纤维上或在挤出之后的自支持性膜上,此方法包括:
a)提供熔融形式的基质,
b)经由合适的设备V、优选口型或齿缝使熔融的基质形成成型制品,更尤其形成纤维或自支持性膜,其中,
c)成型制品在从所述设备V出来时具有高于所述式I化合物的浊点的温度,和
d)使所述成型制品的表面在高于浊点的温度下与所述式I化合物接触,从而沉积所述式I化合物,
其中所述式I化合物中的双键的聚合反应是在沉积到表面上之后引发的,从而在表面上形成优选交联的涂层。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中
-成型制品在从所述设备V出来之后被加入优选含水的浴B中,所述浴B含有所述式I化合物和任选地聚合引发剂,其中成型制品在其进入所述浴时具有高于浊点的温度,
-所述式I化合物沉积在成型制品上,
-所述浴具有低于浊点的温度,和
-聚合在低于浊点的温度下进行,或其中
-在根据本发明的所述式I化合物沉积到表面上之后,所述式I化合物中的双键的聚合反应是通过光聚合进行的。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其中从所述装置V出来的成型制品立即在高于浊点的温度下进入喷雾设备,并且在那里用所述式I化合物喷雾,优选以水溶液的形式进行,其中喷雾分散的聚合物的温度低于浊点,从而在基质表面上沉积所述式I化合物。
11.根据上述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中基质是聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯或聚氨酯。
12.根据上述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中成型制品在涂覆之后进行拉伸和卷绕。
13.根据上述权利要求中至少一项的方法,其中基质是玻璃、钢或木材。
14.根据权利要求7的方法,其中双键的聚合反应是在浴B中的处理之后进行的。
15.可根据上述权利要求中的至少一项获得的成型制品。
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- 2012-04-11 JP JP2014504292A patent/JP2014511927A/ja active Pending
- 2012-04-11 MX MX2013010424A patent/MX2013010424A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-04-11 BR BR112013023946A patent/BR112013023946A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-04-11 KR KR1020137029540A patent/KR20140038403A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-04-11 EP EP12712692.8A patent/EP2697284A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-11 AU AU2012241931A patent/AU2012241931A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-04-11 SG SG2013073010A patent/SG194002A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112013023946A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
RU2013150131A (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
JP2014511927A (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
EP2697284A1 (de) | 2014-02-19 |
SG194002A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
MX2013010424A (es) | 2013-10-03 |
AU2012241931A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
KR20140038403A (ko) | 2014-03-28 |
WO2012140059A1 (de) | 2012-10-18 |
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