CN103461069A - Different-position straw covering drip irrigation technology - Google Patents
Different-position straw covering drip irrigation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103461069A CN103461069A CN2013103297250A CN201310329725A CN103461069A CN 103461069 A CN103461069 A CN 103461069A CN 2013103297250 A CN2013103297250 A CN 2013103297250A CN 201310329725 A CN201310329725 A CN 201310329725A CN 103461069 A CN103461069 A CN 103461069A
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- drip irrigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to energy-saving irrigation technology, which is characterized in that two straw covering modes and the drip irrigation technology are organically combined, the respective advantages are exerted for forming the novel water-saving irrigation technology of different-position straw covering drip irrigation technology. When the straw coverage is adopted, the problems of limitation and residue film pollution of the drip irrigation technology adopted in the prior art can be effectively solved. The technology provided by the invention is adopted in a drought region, the utilization rate of water resources and the moisture production rate of crops can be further improved, the yield of crops is improved, the automation, the mechanization and the intensification of cotton planting and management are favorably realized, and the whole process mechanization of the cotton planting industry is favorably realized.
Description
Denomination of invention
Two kinds of different stalk coverage modes are stalk Surface mulch and Deep mulch and drip irrigation technique three's combination, and this technology is called for short the diverse location stalk and covers drip irrigation technique.
Present technique belongs to modern agricultural technology, water-saving irrigation technique field, relate to a kind of novel water-saving irrigation technique that can substitute under-film drip irrigation, it is also the combination of stalk covering and drip irrigation and diverse location coverage mode, after adopting stalk to cover, can effectively solve the limitation of current application drip irrigation technique and the problem that residual film pollutes.
Background technology
At present, farmland incomplete film pollutes day by day serious, though solution is many, but effect is undesirable, all do not tackle the problem at its root, and plastic mulching is urged precocious because its scale and benefit are remarkable, the raising of aquatic products ratio is remarkable, reduce mechanical work, improve land utilization rate, the inhibition weeds regenerate, easily protect the crop full stand, since the advantage orders such as raising high yield quality are introduced formation in 1996, just enjoy peasant's parent to come always, and become the Main Agricultural water saving production technology of arid irrigation type agricultural region.
Arid and semi-arid lands's soil salinization is general, and affects the crop habitat, and there is the saline soil area of the length and breadth of land in China especially in Northwest arid district.So many saline soil, also the potential land resources of a kind of tool, as long as manage to change solute entrained in soil water evaporation, control in other words upwards migration of salinity, reduce the especially salt content of plow layer of topsoil, just can make plant growth there is habitat preferably, also just can improve and utilize these saline-alkali soil resources.In the past, the method that improvement of salt and alkaline land is commonly used, have broad irrigation, presses the salt desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, reduces underground water, and drainage by shaft wells, ship nonsaline-alkali soil from other places and improved, or the Salt And Alkali Tolerance crops such as rice cultivation, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.Also have and adopt other coverings, as adopted stalk coverings, plastic mulching etc., suppress evaporation of soil water, the minimizing capping salt divides gathering.Scholar's research has been arranged near the about 30cm in soil layer bottom, laid one deck material different from soil as sand or stalk etc., the continuity of spoiled soil hollow billet, the passage moved on blocks moisture and salinity, and then reach the purpose of inhibition salinity on the top layer impact.
It is a kind of by artificial means in the technology of one physical barrier layer of soil surface setting that stalk covers, crops straw is applied on agricultural, stalk covers has the farmland underlying surface character of change and energy balance, reduce soil evaporation, retain and conserve soil moisture, regulate ground temperature, the comprehensive function such as build up fertility, also can improve crop yield simultaneously, there is ecological effect and economic benefit preferably.The research work covered about stalk has covered northern China, a lot of provinces, south.
Drip irrigation is as a kind of Novel irrigation technology, from being born, developed nearly a century and a half so far, and the more serious arid biogeographic zone in lack of water especially, water-saving result typical case, in national extensive uses such as the U.S., Israel.Drip irrigation is utilized low pressure pipeline, makes water slowly and evenly be easy to the moistening crop root zone of quantitatively controlling with point-like, and the suitable crop growth of root region soil water content, belong to a kind of local irrigation technique.
For effectively solving the problem of farmland incomplete film pollution problem and the soil salinization, patent of the present invention proposes the New Technique of Save on Water in Steam Electric of stalk Surface mulch, Deep mulch and drip irrigation technique triplicity, has solved the difficult plantation of saline-alkali soil and has prevented soil secondary salinization and the problem of residual film pollution with regard to effective like this.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to New Water-saving Irrigation, characteristics are to also have the drip irrigation technique three to organically combine stalk Surface mulch technology and Deep mulch, bring into play the chief separately, form a kind of novel water-saving irrigation technique---stalk Surface mulch, Deep mulch drip irrigation technique.In arid biogeographic zone application the technology of the present invention, can further improve water utilization rate and crop water productivity ratio, high-efficiency water-saving, insulation, cooling, press down salt, desalination and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, increase production, increase income, improve farmland ecological environment, invest littlely, be convenient to promote.
Technical scheme
It is to be that know-why is as follows that the technology of the present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: be to improve ground temperature, reduce moisture evaporation loss by two large functions of plastic mulching, thereby be conducive to emerge.During without mulch film, the solution corresponding by patented technology of the present invention is as follows:
It is a kind of by artificial means in the know-why of one physical barrier layer of soil surface setting based on stalk, covering, at first prior to seeding the Soil Utilization machinery of ground 30cm is taken out it, then the stalk of certain mass is put into and paved, again the soil of taking-up is retracted to original position, so just stalk is imbedded to 30cm place under earth's surface, first step straw deep mulching has completed, crops straw after planting directly is being layered on ground, land for growing field crops according to certain amount, the stalk Surface mulch of second step has also completed, and the 3rd step is laid irrigate band and drip irrigation facility exactly.
The purpose of Deep mulch is to utilize the continuity of stalk interlayer spoiled soil hollow billet in soil, while moving on to herein on moisture, major part is passed by the stalk interlayer with the form of steam and is entered upper layer of soil again with the transmission of the form of moisture, thereby the passage moved on the blocking-up salinity, and then reach and suppress salinity and just can make plant growth there is habitat preferably to the order moved in the crops plow layer.
Salt only is dissolved in could be by the motion campaign of moisture in water, and water can transmit with liquid and two kinds of modes of gaseous state, the weather arid in Xinjiang for example, so the very strong underground water of evaporative power can constantly move to soil surface under the effect of soil capillary force, finally the form with steam enters in atmosphere, the salinity that on moisture, shipper pole comes can only rest on soil surface, thus the salinization of soil of causing, and plant can not survive.
And the purpose of Surface mulch is the steam in soil is had the interlayer of certain barrier effect.When the same day, the temperature degree was low, the temperature that the top layer stalk can slow down in soil is transmitted in atmosphere, and in atmosphere, the top layer stalk can slow down atmospheric temperature to the soil transmission during excess Temperature, thus the purpose that reaches soil moisture conservation, lowers the temperature, heats.
Drip irrigation is utilized low pressure pipeline, makes water slowly and evenly be easy to the moistening crop root zone of quantitatively controlling with point-like, and the suitable crop growth of root region soil water content, belong to a kind of local irrigation technique, can reduce the waste of moisture deep layer.Drip irrigation, concerning the water-saving irrigation in the arid and semi-arid area with lack of water, has important economic worth.
Therefore, adopt patented technology of the present invention, can effectively avoid or reduce the evaporation loss of moisture, can further improve water utilization rate and crop water productivity ratio, high-efficiency water-saving, insulation, cooling, press down salt, desalination and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, increase production, increase income, improve farmland ecological environment, invest littlely, be convenient to promote.And fundamentally effectively avoid residual membrane pollution problem.
Application the present invention, deep layer stalk soverlay technique will be broken through the technical bottleneck of application at present, obtain faster wider applying.
Beneficial effect
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: reduce white pollution, apply the stalk Surface mulch, the Deep mulch drip irrigation technique, improve efficiency of water application, reduce costs, reduce hand labor intensity and link, be beneficial to automation, the mechanization management.
Embodiment 1
(1) soil of choosing salt alkali content heavier 4% is in crop seeding before season in the beginning of spring, prepare the stalk for deep layer and Surface mulch of certain mass according to certain land area, it is the wheat straw stalk that this patent is used, utilize machinery that the soil of upper strata 30cm left and right is taken out, put into stalk and again the soil of taking-up is put back to original position afterwards, complete Deep mulch, and then just sow and lay the dropper band, dripper spacing 30cm, water dropper flow 1.2L/h, finally complete top layer, earth's surface, land for growing field crops stalk again.
(2), after sowing, irrigate band, stalk lay, just can fill with the water 1700m of emerging
3/ hm
2, carrying out large hydraulic pressure salt, salinity can be pressed in below 2m.Flower bud phase irrigating water quota 319m
3/ hm
2, frequency of irrigation 2 times.Flowering and boll-setting period irrigating water quota 333m
3/ hm
2, frequency of irrigation 6 times.Wadding phase irrigating water quota 430m
3/ hm
2, frequency of irrigation 2 times.In the Deep mulch process because fetch earth and the backfill of soil causes upper strata 30cm loosing soil---the soil hollow billet becomes large, so be conducive to the washing salt of emerging---accelerate salinity to the speed of migrating under earth's surface.
(3) through plowing, plough deeply the coming year, stalk is gone back field automatically, can increase soil organic matter content, lasts for several years like this, and soil fertility improves greatly.Also can reduce using of chemical fertilizer.
Claims (1)
1. the diverse location stalk covers drip irrigation technique, it is characterized in that two kinds of stalk coverage modes (Surface mulch, Deep mulch) and drip irrigation technique are organically combined, bring into play the chief separately, form a kind of novel water-saving irrigation technique, while adopting stalk to cover drip irrigation technique, can effectively solve the day by day serious residual membrane pollution problem of limitation and farmland of current application drip irrigation technique.Application the present invention, can further improve water utilization rate and crop water productivity ratio, improves crop yield, is conducive to automation, the mechanization, intensive of cotton planting and management.Therefore, for utilizing the different coverage modes (Surface mulch, Deep mulch) of stalk and drip irrigation technique features, by the two combination, can draw distinctive effect, the new technology that comprises this thinking is applicant's original creation, and request is protected.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013103297250A CN103461069A (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2013-08-01 | Different-position straw covering drip irrigation technology |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013103297250A CN103461069A (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2013-08-01 | Different-position straw covering drip irrigation technology |
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| CN103461069A true CN103461069A (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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ID=49786315
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| CN2013103297250A Pending CN103461069A (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2013-08-01 | Different-position straw covering drip irrigation technology |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107041217A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | Implantation methods on a kind of ridge |
| CN108834464A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The fixed implant system in the salt-soda soil that straw sand interlayer is horizontally staggered and method |
-
2013
- 2013-08-01 CN CN2013103297250A patent/CN103461069A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张金珠等: "不同深度秸秆覆盖对滴灌棉田土壤水盐运移的影响", 《灌溉排水学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107041217A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | Implantation methods on a kind of ridge |
| CN108834464A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The fixed implant system in the salt-soda soil that straw sand interlayer is horizontally staggered and method |
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Application publication date: 20131225 |