CN103461040A - Long-term prevention and control method for rats in Tibet grassland - Google Patents
Long-term prevention and control method for rats in Tibet grassland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and control on rats, and particularly discloses a long-term prevention and control method for rats in Tibet grassland. A double net built by a utilizing a ratproof net and a fence is adopted, a technology for prevention and control on main rats, i.e. Ochotona curzoniae, in the Tibet grassland by a first generation anticoagulation rodenticide is firstly adopted in the fence, and over 90 percent of the rats can be killed. By matching with the deratization function of a poison bait station and the ratproof function of the ratproof net, the purpose of long-term prevention and control for the rats in the Tibet grassland can be achieved. After medical prevention and control on the Ochotona curzoniae is performed for the first time, the corrected deratization rate reaches over 90 percent, and the working concentration and usage amount of raticides are greatly reduced. The method is characterized in that the rats can be controlled for a long term, the raticides do not need to be used widely each year, in the middle ten days of July of the next year, the vegetation coverage in the fence subjected to grazing prohibition can be increased by over 29 percent, and the vegetation height is over 30cm, grass can be mowed to serve as forage grass for livestock in winter, and the ecological balance of the Tibet grassland can gradually get well; the method is simple, convenient, easy to understand and suitable for long-term control on the rats in the Tibet grassland.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plague of rats prevention and control technical field, more specifically relate to the long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, the method is mainly for the main bandicoot in grassland, Tibet---Ochotona curzoniae, at first good first generation anticoagulation rodenticide is carried out large area killing rodent large area to utilize safety, and medication skill and Poison bait station control mouse are further carried out Rodent control work in addition, and pass through that set up dual fence carries out protection against rodents, control is herded, thereby reach the purpose of long-term control bandicoot.
Background technology
The ecological environment of Tibet is very fragile, and bandicoot is playing the part of important role in the degeneration on grassland, and Tibet plateau grassland bandicoot quantity is many, and loss is large, destroys grassland serious, causes deterioration of grasslands, even desertifies.At present, the existing grassland degeneration more than 50% in Tibet, wherein the grassland of heavy-degraded accounts for half left and right of deteriorate grassland.Also have the meadow of nearly 1/3rd left and right obviously to desertify.Indivedual areas in Tibet, bandicoot is just accelerating to make some pastures to become barren land, and the shepherd has to migrate.Can say that bandicoot is only second to the extent of injury on grassland the harm that the grassland overload causes, be another key factor that affects the Animal Husbandry in Tibet Grassland sustainable development.Pasturing area in Tibet's gross area accounts for 71% of whole district's land area, reaches 870,000 square kilometres.Grassland, Tibet advantage mouse kind is Ochotona curzoniae (Ochotona curzoniae).Pika appetite is very large, and a per day bright careless 77.3g of searching for food of adult pika, be 50% left and right of its body weight; The herbage of 56 pika daily consumptions is equivalent to the solar eclipse grass amount of 1 tibetan sheep.Full area can utilize in meadow, by 2～3 every mu, pika 7.6～11.4 hundred million is arranged on 3.8 hundred million mu of meadows, and the herbage eaten up every year can be raised 1461～21,910,000 sheep units.
For the control of grassland, the Tibet plague of rats, applied in the past hypertoxic Apodemus agrarius, as Fluorakil 100, gliftor etc., rear because of large to environmental hazard, produce serious secondary poisoning, Natural Enemies of Rats sharply descends.After country bans violated acute dramatically poisonous rodenticide, existing biological rodent poison bait C, D type creotoxin clostridium and the anticoagulation rodenticide mainly used instead.Because Tibet lacks the professional, also there is the problem that deratization rate is not high in the application anticoagulation rodenticide, be (interior ground is many more than 90%) more than 75%, and have the leading situation of using second generation anticoagulation rodenticide, easily the ecotope of Tibet fragility caused to negative effect.Grassland, Tibet " rodent-damage-free is applied maximum biological rodent poison bait C, D type creotoxin clostridium, though effect is good, its toxicity is large, degraded is fast, non-selectivity, non-refractory, and its safety also just is being subject to domestic and international expert's query.
Simultaneously, even reach very good effect (effect of going out is more than 90%) at grassland, Tibet application C, D type creotoxin clostridium and anticoagulation rodenticide, but in 1-2, bandicoot can return to former level again, the place of particularly often killing mouse, the mouse that surrounding migration is come can be more and more faster, cause every year kill mouse, the continuous phenomenon of the plague of rats every year.We apply interior ground mouse killing technology, and in conjunction with the characteristic of grassland, Tibet characteristics and Ochotona curzoniae, though kill mouse Zang Bei grassland application spy, to carry out the Killing Efficiency against Rodents effect for No. 2 good, and same phenomenon also occurs, can not the long-term control plague of rats.And at present Tibet, for recovering the grassland ecology balance, is prohibited to herd or control and is herded by setting up fence, owing to failing to eliminate mouse, suffer from, herbage also can't grow, and Grassland also is difficult to recover.Grassland, the Tibet plague of rats is still in increasing year by year situation, and up to this point, the long-term prevention and control of the plague of rats of grassland, Tibet are still in the exploratory stage.
The present invention is under the fence of exclosure or winter range or saeter, separately install rodent-proof mesh additional, after in this zone, first applied chemistry kills mouse, blocking external mouse enters in fence, be equipped with the Poison bait station control mouse of going out, by taboo, herd or control grazing intensity, reach the purpose of grassland ecology balance and the long-term control plague of rats in fence, and, as demonstration, progressively promote.
About relating to grassland, Tibet advantage mouse kind---Ochotona curzoniae control document has: Chinese Academy of Sciences's northwest plateau biological Fan Naichang etc. be " research of Bromadiolone Against The Pika and Myospalax baileyi " " beasts journal " 1986.6(3) 211～217; " research of C type creotoxin clostridium Killing Pika " " beasts journal " 1987.7(2 for Shen Shiying) 147～153; Jing Zengchun etc. have made " experimental study of the anti-grassland processed of several rodenticide bandicoot " (" Chinese media biology and control magazine " 1992.3 (4) 221～225) in Qinghai and D type meat kills mouse element Control pika the killing test " Practaculture Science " 2006.23(3) 89～91; Sichuan University how to shine grand grade Shiqu County Sichuan Province utilization " rodenticide is at Qinghai-Tibet Control pika application test " (" Sichuan animal " 2006,25(4): 743-746); The Wei Xuehong of Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College etc. also proposes Ochotona curzoniae harm and prevents and treats method " harm and the control of Ochotona curzoniae to Tibetan highland grassland " (" Sichan grassland " 2006.126(5): 41-45) with " enclosed pasture, Fromlingzhi, tibet Song Duo town plague of rats Investigation and Prevention " (" Practaculture Science " 2003.20(8): 48-49) etc.Yang Le etc. carry out " biological control and rat-bane various combination are controlled hiding the northern plague of rats " (" Practaculture Science " 2011.28(4) on the Zang Bei grassland: after 656-660) D type clostridium botulinum poison mouse is used in prediction, add and recruit the scaffold effect, the most remarkable to Ochotona curzoniae short-term control efficiency.
Though these documents have been introduced medicine and the method for some Killing Pikas, be only all disposable rat plague control work or proposition protection natural enemy or the purpose that reaches long-term control plague of rats problem with the trick scaffold.All fail the actual rear Sustainable Control plague of rats and the ecological restoration of grassland problem of killing mouse of implementing.
Poison bait station control mouse mainly in rural area, field application (Zou Jianming etc. poison bait cylinder control bandicoot is effective. plant protection, 1991,17(3): 50-51; Xu Xiang etc. the family mouse that dwells is placed the selectivity of Poison bait station to the farm house diverse location. the plant doctor, 2004,17(5): 26. etc.); Rodent-proof mesh also mainly in city, farm house and application in forestry protection against rodents (Xin Zheng etc. the dwell environmental improvement of mouse of family. Chinese hygienic biocide medical instruments, 2010,16(1): 5-7; The .5 such as Sun Junhong farm rodent prevention equipment situation and mouse density relationship are analyzed. Chinese hygienic biocide medical instruments, and 2012,18(4): 284-286; Wang Rong. the application of rodent-proof mesh protection against rodents technology in production of forestry. Xinjiang forestry, 2007,5:43-44.); Not yet find that there is the bibliographical information of Poison bait station and rodent-proof mesh application and the size of grassland, applicable Tibet Ochotona curzoniae Poison bait station and the net footpath size of rodent-proof mesh etc. on grassland.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, after the method utilizes anticoagulation rodenticide to implement large area killing rodent large area in conjunction with Poison bait station, implement to prohibit by fence and herd, control and herd, set up in rodent-proof mesh prevents that the outer mouse of fence from entering, and Poison bait station control mouse measure and reach Sustainable Control plague of rats purpose.The correction deratization rate of application grassland, the inventive method disposable control Tibet Ochotona curzoniae can reach 90.85%～99.12%; Prohibit mid-July next year and herd vegetation coverage raising 29% in fence; the vegetation height can surpass 30cm; can mow autumn and use while lacking grass standby winter; lower livestock lethality in winter, can reach grassland, the long-term control Tibet plague of rats, exempt and need to carry out large area killing rodent large area work every year simultaneously; decrease drug use amount; cost-saving, non-target animals, the protection of the environments such as protection Natural Enemies of Rats, recover grassland ecology balance purpose.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has taked following technical measures:
The long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, the exclosure of fence or winter range or saeter (purpose of described fence setting is to implement to prohibit and herd, control and herd in order to prevent livestock from entering in fence) are selected to have in described grassland.
(1) grassland, current Tibet, exclosure (vegetation coverage is lower than 20%, and the grass amount is lower than 20% of primary grassland) enforcement returning husbandry to grassland in the place of extremely degenerating, and set up the fence closure against grazing; Select this place mouse density higher, reaching index for control is interior the inventive method of implementing of fence that per hectare is greater than 150 effective rat hole mouths.
(2) feeder growing system has been implemented in winter range Tibet, and cattle and sheep lethality in winter is high, adds the impact of grass-land deterioration, substantially without grass, can cut, and the forage famine, meet the extreme weathers such as snow disaster winter, causes the livestock mortality.Therefore, winter range has completed fence-building more.Select interior the inventive method of implementing of winter range fence of mouse density higher (per hectare is greater than 150 effective rat hole mouths) easily to obtain herdsman's support.
(3) some saeter of saeter also completes fence-building, at important saeter, also can implement the inventive method.
Described method concrete steps are as follows:
1, choose opportunities: select the early stage of Ochotona curzoniae Breeding climax, usually in annual early March～early April, add deprivation of food during this, therefore kill mouse opportunity for the best.
2, rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up:
Paste fence in the grassland fences bottom chosen and playing together all high rodent-proof mesh of installation 45-60cm, with angle steel, rodent-proof mesh is fixed, described rodent-proof mesh selects aperture to be less than the wire netting (wire netting or stainless steel cloth or punching iron sheet net) of 2cm, the irony rodent-proof mesh is done brush antirust paint, plastic-blasting or is soaked the antirust processing of moulding, stainless steel cloth string diameter 0.13-0.25mm; The iron wire string diameter is not less than 0.5mm; The thick 0.5mm that is not less than of iron sheet.
The long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m.
Rodent-proof mesh is built in below fence, place on the ground (due to the Grassland ecosystem of Tibet fragility, therefore turf can not dig, and can not rodent-proof mesh be imbedded to the ground next part for protection against rodents better), the mouse that can prevent outside in this zone after killing mouse enters in this fence causes harm.
Utilize muroid to have to keep to the side the habit control mouse that runs and get into the cave, set up Poison bait station inside and outside the rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 30-50m, a Poison bait station (being to be distributed with Poison bait station inside and outside fence) is set up in external chiasma, for Poison bait station, the pipe of cement of internal diameter 10-15cm, long 30-50cm, earthen-ware pipe, thick bamboo tube or pvc pipe etc. are made, perhaps, the most easy, with flag, lean in the rodent-proof mesh bottom, attention is fixing by net.
Bandicoot can enter take food poison bait in Poison bait station and eliminated, and non-target animals takes food poison bait in can not entering, and this method can avoid the excessive poison bait that takes food of non-target animals to cause poisoning.
3, preparation deratization poison bait
(1) mouse killing medicine and working concentration are selected:
Grassland, Tibet bandicoot Natural Enemies and quantity are many, and especially accipiter is called Condor and more needs protection.Mouse killing medicine is selected more should be prudent.Apodemus agrarius poor stability and can not using, the acute toxicity of second generation anticoagulation rodenticide is stronger than the first generation, and not as first generation anticoagulation rodenticide safety, and easily cause secondary poisoning and influence ecological environment safety.Therefore, the second generation anticoagulation rodenticides such as Bromadiolone do not produce in the resistance situation first generation anticoagulant grassland, current Tibet bandicoot, should not use.Safety for biological rat-bane C, D type creotoxin clostridium is subject to the query that Australian expert proposes in the application of Zang Bei grassland, and domestic also have the expert to query constantly this.Therefore, the present invention should select the higher first generation anticoagulation rodenticide of safety on the grassland, Tibet with rodenticide deratization.
Can also guarantee under safety condition choice for use C or D type creotoxin clostridium rat-bane and second generation anticoagulation rodenticide (contain Bromadiolone, Talon, kill its battle etc.);
Described first generation anticoagulation rodenticide comprises that diphacinone-Na, warfarin, coumatetralyl, chlorophacinone and spy kill mouse No. 2, spy are killed mouse No. 3 and the clean 88-3 mother liquor of 5% mouse etc.
Preferably, for the spy kills mouse, No. 2, spy are killed mouse No. 3 or the diphacinone-Na pulvis to described first generation anticoagulation rodenticide.
Ochotona curzoniae is to first generation anticoagulation rodenticide sensitivity, so, should first carry out variable concentrations gradient test under typical concentrations, select to reach the least concentration that correction deratization rate is 90% and kill mouse.For example: it is 0.1% with working concentration No. 2 interiorly usually that the spy kills mouse, by testing in Zang Bei grassland variable concentrations gradient, 0.07%, 0.05% and 0.01%, correction deratization rate reaches 99.12%～90.85%, 0.01% deratization effect reaches 90.85%, therefore, the spy to kill mouse can choice for use concentration be 0.01% No. 2.
(2) bait is selected:
Select fresh cereal seed as bait, bait is selected from highland barley, oat or wheat, and optimal selection is fresh highland barley, and its consumption bait rate reaches more than 80%.
(3) preparation of deratization poison bait:
Adopt infusion method preparation cereal seed poison bait, accurately take in proportion first generation anticoagulation rodenticide, bait and clear water (clean water), it is fixed that the dose that kills mouse comes according to working concentration, according to the seed saturated water absorption, adds clear water (clean water), adds 30～50% clear water of bait weight.Concrete compound method is: 1., first by first generation anticoagulation rodenticide mother liquor or pulvis first the mother liquor after dissolving pour in clear water, stir; 2., will mix uniform liquid and pour in the container that fills bait (cement pit, large basin etc.) into, fully turn evenly, every 30～60 minutes, turn once; 3., turn 7～12 times, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
4, throw in the deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area:
Throw in poison bait in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously or threw in once again every one day, first day is generally thrown in, second day supplements to be thrown in, and the mode of supplementing input is to leak the hole of throwing to mend throwing 2-4g, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many supplementary how many.
Strict demand according to the grassland, Tibet to the protection ecological safety, must render to poison bait in rat hole, to avoid other animal, eats by mistake, and each rat hole is thrown in 2～4 grams, approximately 100 highland barley poison baits; Be better than acute toxicity according to the chronic virulence of first generation anticoagulation rodenticide again, throw in continuously 2 days, or threw in once again every one day.Throwing in for the first time poison bait is generally to throw in, and is for the second time to mend to throw.Key is on a small quantity, connects and throw 2 times.Notice that the rat hole mouth has cobweb or the long bait (for the discarded hole of mouse) of poisoning of exempting from that grass is arranged; Every rat hole can not excessive input poison bait, otherwise waste poison bait or cause excessive the taking food of non-target animals and poisoning.
Also throw in deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, the mouse that prevents outside utilizes former rat hole to move in fence to cause harm, and put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
5, continue the prevention and control bandicoot after large area killing rodent large area:
In Poison bait station, poison bait checks 2 times per month, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait, does not eat up motionless.
Owing to all placing Poison bait station inside and outside fence, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moved.
Utilize the not only large area killing rodent large area application in period first in full fence of Poison bait station control mouse, after date also can be killed for a long time remaining mouse and accidentally invade mouse, ensures the long-term control bandicoot.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
The present invention is according to Grassland ecosystem of Tibet characteristic and Ochotona curzoniae physiological ecological feature, takes into full account the masses of Tibetan folkways and customs, the method for the long-term prevention and control bandicoot proposed in conjunction with interior ground plague of rats preventing control method.Application the present invention not only can give full play to the drug effect of first generation anticoagulation rodenticide; improve the deratization rate of Control pika; reach more than 90%; and significantly reduce working concentration, reduce the drug use amount; but key be the long-term control plague of rats and every year large tracts of land use chemicals to kill mouse, protect the non-target animals such as Natural Enemies of Rats, preserve the ecological environment; can progressively recover the Grassland ecosystem of Tibet balance, the guarantor livestock of can also mowing in taboo is herded fence survives the winter simultaneously.Grassland, easy understandable, the applicable Tibet of the inventive method plague of rats long-term control.Avoided every year large tracts of land to carry out and killed mouse, protection Grassland ecosystem of Tibet environment.And the popularization of can fanning out from point to area, progressively recover the Grassland ecosystem of Tibet balance.
Embodiment
Following applicant is described in further detail the inventive method in connection with specific embodiment; purpose is to make those skilled in the art, to the inventive method, more detailed understanding and cognition is arranged, and following examples should not be understood to the present invention is asked for protection the restriction of scope on any degree.
Embodiment 1:
The long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, step is as follows:
1. rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up and are selected the approximately fence exclosure of 100 hectares of area, and mouse density reaches 325 effective rat holes of per hectare, the annual closure against grazing of this fence, and main bandicoot is Ochotona curzoniae; First in this fence bottom, paste the fence inboard at the beginning of 2008 4 months and playing together all high iron wire rodent-proof mesh (having brushed antirust paint) of installation 50cm, the mesh size is 1.8 * 1.8cm, string diameter 0.6mm, add fixedly rodent-proof mesh of iron wire with angle steel, the long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m;
In the rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 50m, 1 Poison bait station that pvc pipe is made is placed in external chiasma, Poison bait station internal diameter 15cm, and long 40cm, share more than 800 Poison bait stations, and fixedly lean against under rodent-proof mesh with iron wire.
2. the preparation deratization poison bait selects first generation anticoagulation rodenticide-spy to kill No. 2 mother liquor (agriculture chemical registrations number: LS992078 of mouse, 10% synergy diphacinone-Na mother liquor), through carrying out the test of variable concentrations gradient on the Nagqu grassland, reaching correction deratization rate and be 90% minimum working concentration is 0.01%; Be bait with fresh highland barley, be mixed with 0.01% poison bait.Take and prepare 50 kilogram of 0.01% spy to kill No. 2 highland barley poison baits of mouse be example: first take 50 kilograms, fresh highland barley, measure the spy and kill No. 2 mother liquor 50ml of mouse, clear water 20kg, 50ml spy is killed to No. 2 mother liquors of mouse to pour in the container of 20 kilograms of clear water, stir, again the liquid of dilution is poured in the cement pit that fills 50 kilograms of highland barleys, turn evenly, turned once every 45 minutes, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
3. throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area early April and throw in poison bait without the fine day of snow in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously, first day is generally thrown in, second day supplements to be thrown in, and the mode of supplementing input is to leak the hole of throwing to mend throwing 2-4g, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many supplementary how many.
Throw in too deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, prevent that this suslik from utilizing former rat hole to move in fence and causing harm, put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
Offer medicine latter 15 days, in the fence exclosure, the effective rat hole number of per hectare reduces to 27, and deratization rate reaches 91.69%; Front 352 effective hole/hm kill mouse in the blank district
2, 334 effective hole/hm after going out
2, correction deratization rate reaches 91.21%.
4. continue rodent-proof mesh after prevention and control bandicoot large area killing rodent large area after large area killing rodent large area and can play the effect that the most bandicoots of blocking-up are moved in fence and cause harm; Poison bait in Poison bait station checks 2 times per month, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait 10-30g, does not eat up motionlessly, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moved, and reaches the purpose that continues the control mouse.Mid-July next year, fence implants coverage rate rose to 44% from 15% of last year, and to grow into 30cm high from being no more than 10cm for vegetation height; And just need not large tracts of land carry out use chemicals mouse killing working every year at Second Year and in rear enclosure, thereby reach the purpose of the long-term control plague of rats.
Embodiment 2:
The long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, step is as follows:
1. rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up and are selected fence and the mouse density of winter range to reach approximately 340 hectares of fences of 260 effective rat holes of per hectare, area, this fence closure against grazing in summer, control livestock number winter and enter in fence and herd (not allowing the livestock of others' family to enter in fence), main bandicoot is Ochotona curzoniae; In late March, 2009 is pasting the fence inboard and is playing together all high iron wire rodent-proof mesh of installation 60cm in this fence bottom, the mesh size is 1.6 * 1.6cm, string diameter is 0.6mm, adopt angle steel to add fixedly rodent-proof mesh of iron wire, the long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m;
In the rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 40m, 1 earthen-ware pipe Poison bait station that potter's clay is made is placed in external chiasma, Poison bait station internal diameter 18cm, and long 45cm, and fixedly lean against under rodent-proof mesh with iron wire.
2. the preparation deratization poison bait selects first generation anticoagulation rodenticide-spy to kill No. 3 (agriculture chemical registrations number: LS992077 of mouse, 2% synergy diphacinone-Na mother liquor), through carrying out the test of variable concentrations gradient on the Nagqu grassland, reaching correction deratization rate and be 90% minimum working concentration is 0.01%; Be bait with fresh highland barley, be mixed with 0.01% poison bait.Take and prepare 50 kilogram of 0.02% spy to kill No. 3 highland barley poison baits of mouse be example: first take 50 kilograms, fresh highland barley, measure the spy and kill No. 3 mother liquor 250ml of mouse, clear water 20kg, 250ml spy is killed to No. 3 mother liquors of mouse to pour in the container of 20 kilograms of clear water, stir, again the liquid of dilution is poured in the cement pit that fills 50 kilograms of highland barleys, turn evenly, turned once every 50 minutes, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
3. throw in the deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area and throw in poison bait at the beginning of 4 months in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously, first day is generally thrown in, second day supplements to be thrown in, and the mode of supplementing input is to leak the hole of throwing to mend throwing 2-4g, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many supplementary how many.
Throw in too deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, prevent that this suslik from utilizing former rat hole to move in fence and causing harm, put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
Offer medicine latter 15 days, in fence, the effective rat hole of per hectare is reduced to 15, and deratization rate is 94.23%; Before blank goes out, be 247 effective hole/hm
2, 241 effective hole/hm after going out
2, correction deratization rate reaches 94.09%.
4. continue rodent-proof mesh after prevention and control bandicoot large area killing rodent large area after large area killing rodent large area and can play the effect that the most bandicoots of blocking-up are moved in fence and cause harm; Poison bait in Poison bait station checks 2 times per month, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait 10-30g, does not eat up motionlessly, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moved, and reaches the purpose that continues the control mouse.Mid-July next year, fence implants coverage rate rose to 54% from 23% of last year, and vegetation height, from being no more than 10cm, grows into 30cm high, but vegetal cover degree the 3rd year and after substantially remain on more than 50% and can not degenerate; And need not large tracts of land carry out use chemicals mouse killing working every year at Second Year and in later with regard to fence, thereby reach the purpose of the long-term control plague of rats.
Embodiment 3:
The long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, step is as follows:
1. rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up and are selected saeter and mouse density to reach approximately 70 hectares of fences of 248 effective rat holes in left and right of per hectare, area, and main bandicoot is Ochotona curzoniae, and this fence control mode of herding is summer pasturing (oneself livestock), and winter, taboo was herded; In early March, 2010 is pasting the fence inboard and is playing together all high stainless steel rodent-proof mesh of installation 45cm in this fence bottom, string diameter 0.15mm, the mesh size is 1.5 * 1.5cm, add fixedly rodent-proof mesh of iron wire with angle steel, the long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m;
In the rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 40m, 1 Poison bait station that pipe of cement is made is placed in external chiasma, Poison bait station internal diameter 20cm, and long 50cm, and fixedly lean against under rodent-proof mesh with iron wire.
2. the preparation deratization poison bait is selected first generation anticoagulation rodenticide-80% diphacinone-Na pulvis, and through carry out the test of variable concentrations gradient on the Nagqu grassland, reaching correction deratization rate and be 90% minimum working concentration is 0.02%; Be bait with fresh highland barley, be mixed with 0.02% poison bait.Take that to prepare 50 kilogram of 0.02% diphacinone-Na highland barley poison bait be example: first take 50 kilograms, fresh highland barley, take 80% diphacinone-Na pulvis 10g, measure alcohol 50ml, clear water 20kg more than 90%, the alcohol of 50ml is poured in the beaker of 10g diphacinone-Na pulvis, stir, after allowing diphacinone-Na all dissolve, pour into again in the container of 20 kilograms of clear water, stir, again the liquid of dilution is poured in the cement pit that fills 50 kilograms of highland barleys, turn evenly, every 60 minutes, turn once, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
3. throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area mid-March and throw in poison bait in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, and each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throws in continuously 2 days; First day is generally thrown in, and second day supplements to be thrown in, and the mode of supplementing input is to leak the hole of throwing to mend throwing 2-4g, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many supplementary how many.
Throw in too deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, prevent that this suslik from utilizing former rat hole to move in fence and causing harm, put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
After 15 days, it is 12 that the interior mouse density of fence reduces to the effective rat hole of per hectare, and deratization rate reaches 95.16%; Before blank goes out, be 255 effective hole/hm
2, 246 effective hole/hm after going out
2, correction deratization rate is 94.98%.
4. continue rodent-proof mesh after prevention and control bandicoot large area killing rodent large area after large area killing rodent large area and can play the effect that the most bandicoots of blocking-up are moved in fence and cause harm; Poison bait in Poison bait station checks 2 times per month, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait 10-30g, does not eat up motionlessly, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moved, and reaches the purpose that continues the control mouse.Next year reaches and can maintain 58% left and right with rear enclosure interplantation coating cover degree, and near the steppe vegetation cover degree of not taking measures descends year by year, just in fence, need not large tracts of land carry out use chemicals mouse killing working every year after Second Year reaches, thereby reach the purpose of the long-term control plague of rats.
Annotate: the spy kills mouse No. 2, No. 3, and pesticide name is synergy diphacinone-Na mother liquor, and content is 10% and 2% according to diphacinone-Na.
Claims (7)
1. the long-term preventing control method of grassland, Tibet bandicoot, described grassland is exclosure or winter range or the saeter that has fence, and described grassland mouse density is greater than 150 effective rat hole mouths of per hectare, and described method step is as follows:
(1), choose opportunities: annual early March～early April;
(2), rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up
Pasting fence in the grassland fences bottom chosen and playing together all high rodent-proof mesh of installation 45-60cm, with angle steel, rodent-proof mesh is being fixed, described rodent-proof mesh selects aperture to be less than the wire netting of 2cm;
Set up Poison bait station inside and outside the rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 30-50m, a Poison bait station is set up in external chiasma;
(3), preparation deratization poison bait
Mouse killing medicine and working concentration are selected: select first generation anticoagulation rodenticide, for the spy kills mouse, No. 2, spy are killed mouse No. 3 or the diphacinone-Na pulvis to described first generation anticoagulation rodenticide; Selection reaches least concentration that correction deratization rate is 90% as the working concentration that kills mouse;
Bait is selected: select fresh cereal seed as bait;
The preparation of deratization poison bait: adopt infusion method preparation cereal seed deratization poison bait;
(4), throw in the deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area
Throw in poison bait in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously or threw in once again every one day, first day is generally thrown in, second day supplements to be thrown in, and the mode of supplementing input is to leak the hole of throwing to mend throwing 2-4g, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many supplementary how many;
At a distance of the fence outside, 20m also throws in deratization poison bait with interior grassland rat hole, and as boundary belt, put-on method is with rat hole in fence;
(5), continue the prevention and control bandicoot after large area killing rodent large area
In Poison bait station, poison bait checks 2 times per month, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait, does not eat up motionless.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fresh cereal seed is highland barley, oat or wheat.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rodent-proof mesh is wire netting or stainless steel cloth or punching iron sheet net, and the irony rodent-proof mesh is done brush antirust paint, plastic-blasting or soaked the antirust processing of moulding.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described stainless steel cloth string diameter 0.13-0.25mm; The iron wire string diameter is not less than 0.5mm; The thick 0.5mm that is not less than of iron sheet.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: for described Poison bait station, the pipe of cement of internal diameter 10-15cm, long 30-50cm, earthen-ware pipe, thick bamboo tube or pvc pipe are made, or with flag, lean to fixing as Poison bait station in the rodent-proof mesh bottom.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the compound method of described deratization poison bait is: take in proportion first generation anticoagulation rodenticide, bait and clear water, it is fixed that first generation anticoagulation rodenticide dose comes according to working concentration, according to the seed saturated water absorption, adds clear water.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the concrete compound method of described deratization poison bait is: 1., first by first generation anticoagulation rodenticide mother liquor or pulvis first the mother liquor after dissolving pour in clear water, stir; 2., will mix uniform liquid and pour in the container that fills bait, fully turn evenly, every 30～60 minutes, turn once; 3., after liquid is fully absorbed, get final product.
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| CN106538314A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Chinese medicine ground plague of rats prevention and controls |
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| CN105557255A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 四川农业大学 | Treatment method for rodent and deserted grassland of extremely-cold areas |
| CN106538314A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Chinese medicine ground plague of rats prevention and controls |
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| CN109258691A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-25 | 广东惠利民有害生物防制工程有限公司 | A kind of paddy bait that efficiently kills mouse |
| CN110973107A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-10 | 上海蒂锦特环境科技发展有限公司 | Outdoor mouse damage prevention and control method |
| CN111011350A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-04-17 | 北京美汐朗洁环保科技有限公司 | Method for killing and preventing rats |
| CN116267909A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-06-23 | 黑龙江省林业科学院牡丹江分院(黑龙江省森林非木质资源研究所) | Phytotoxin rodenticide for preventing and controlling zokor injury in forests and rodenticide method |
| CN116267909B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2024-06-07 | 黑龙江省林业科学院牡丹江分院(黑龙江省森林非木质资源研究所) | Phytotoxin rodenticide for preventing and controlling zokor injury in forests and rodenticide method |
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