CN103461040B - Long-term prevention and control method for rats in Tibet grassland - Google Patents
Long-term prevention and control method for rats in Tibet grassland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and control on rats, and particularly discloses a long-term prevention and control method for rats in Tibet grassland. A double net built by a utilizing a ratproof net and a fence is adopted, a technology for prevention and control on main rats, i.e. Ochotona curzoniae, in the Tibet grassland by a first generation anticoagulation rodenticide is firstly adopted in the fence, and over 90 percent of the rats can be killed. By matching with the deratization function of a poison bait station and the ratproof function of the ratproof net, the purpose of long-term prevention and control for the rats in the Tibet grassland can be achieved. After medical prevention and control on the Ochotona curzoniae is performed for the first time, the corrected deratization rate reaches over 90 percent, and the working concentration and usage amount of raticides are greatly reduced. The method is characterized in that the rats can be controlled for a long term, the raticides do not need to be used widely each year, in the middle ten days of July of the next year, the vegetation coverage in the fence subjected to grazing prohibition can be increased by over 29 percent, and the vegetation height is over 30cm, grass can be mowed to serve as forage grass for livestock in winter, and the ecological balance of the Tibet grassland can gradually get well; the method is simple, convenient, easy to understand and suitable for long-term control on the rats in the Tibet grassland.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plague of rats prevention and control technical field, more specifically relate to the long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, the method is mainly for the main bandicoot in grassland, Tibet---Ochotona curzoniae, first good first generation anticoagulation rodenticide is carried out large area killing rodent large area to utilize safety, and medication skill and Poison bait station control mouse are further carried out Rodent control work in addition, and pass through that set up dual fence carries out protection against rodents, control is herded, thereby reach the object of long-term control bandicoot.
Background technology
The ecological environment of Tibet is very fragile, and bandicoot is playing the part of key player in the degeneration on grassland, and Tibet plateau grassland bandicoot quantity is many, and loss is large, destroys grassland serious, causes deterioration of grasslands, even desertifies.At present, existing more than 50% grassland degeneration in Tibet, wherein the grassland of heavy-degraded accounts for the half left and right of deteriorate grassland.Also have the meadow of nearly 1/3rd left and right obviously to desertify.In indivedual areas in Tibet, bandicoot is just accelerating to make some pastures to become barren land, and shepherd has to migrate.Can say that bandicoot is only second to grassland to the extent of injury on grassland and transships the harm causing, be another key factor that affects Animal Husbandry in Tibet Grassland sustainable development.Pasturing area in Tibet's gross area accounts for 71% of whole district's land area, reaches 870,000 square kilometres.Grassland, Tibet advantage mouse kind is Ochotona curzoniae (Ochotona curzoniae).Pika appetite is very large, and a per day fresh careless 77.3g of searching for food of adult pika, is 50% left and right of its body weight; The herbage of 56 pika daily consumptions is equivalent to the solar eclipse grass amount of 1 tibetan sheep.Full area can utilize in meadow, by 2～3 every mu, has hundred million of pika 7.6～11.4 on 3.8 hundred million mu of meadows, and the herbage eating up every year can be raised 1461～21,910,000 sheep units.
For the control of grassland, the Tibet plague of rats, applied in the past hypertoxic Apodemus agrarius, as Fluorakil 100, gliftor etc., rear because of large to environmental hazard, produce serious secondary poisoning, Natural Enemies of Rats sharply declines.Country bans after violated acute dramatically poisonous rodenticide, existing biological rodent poison bait C, D type creotoxin clostridium and the anticoagulation rodenticide mainly used instead.Because Tibet lacks professional, also there is the problem that deratization rate is not high in application anticoagulation rodenticide, be more than 75% (interior ground is many more than 90%), and have the leading situation that uses second generation anticoagulation rodenticide, easily the ecotope of Tibet fragility is caused to negative effect.Grassland, Tibet " rodent-damage-free is applied maximum biological rodent poison bait C, D type creotoxin clostridium, though effect is good, its toxicity is large, degraded is fast, non-selectivity, non-refractory, and its safety is also just being subject to domestic and international expert's query.
Simultaneously, even reach very good effect (going out effect more than 90%) at grassland, Tibet application C, D type creotoxin clostridium and anticoagulation rodenticide, but in 1-2, bandicoot can return to again former level, the place of particularly often killing mouse, surrounding is moved the mouse of coming can be more and more faster, cause every year kill mouse, the continuous phenomenon of the plague of rats every year.We apply interior ground mouse killing technology, and in conjunction with the characteristic of grassland, Tibet feature and Ochotona curzoniae, though kill mouse Zang Bei grassland application spy, to carry out Killing Efficiency against Rodents effect for No. 2 good, and same phenomenon also occurs, can not the long-term control plague of rats.And at present Tibet, for recovering grassland ecology balance, is prohibited to herd or control and is herded by setting up fence, suffer from owing to failing to eliminate mouse, herbage also cannot grow, and Grassland is also difficult to recover.Grassland, the Tibet plague of rats is still in increasing year by year situation, and up to this point, the long-term prevention and control of the plague of rats of grassland, Tibet are still in the exploratory stage.
The present invention is under the fence of exclosure or winter range or saeter, separately install rodent-proof mesh additional, after in this region, first applied chemistry kills mouse, blocking external mouse enters in fence, be equipped with the Poison bait station control mouse of going out, herd or control grazing intensity by taboos, reach the object of the interior grassland ecology balance of fence and the long-term control plague of rats, and as demonstration, progressively promote.
About relating to grassland, Tibet advantage mouse kind---Ochotona curzoniae control document has: Chinese Academy of Sciences's northwest plateau biological Fan Naichang etc. be " research of Bromadiolone Against The Pika and Myospalax baileyi " " beasts journal " 1986.6(3) 211～217; " research of C type creotoxin clostridium Killing Pika " " beasts journal " 1987.7(2 for Shen Shiying) 147～153; Jing Zengchun etc. have made " experimental study of the anti-grassland processed of several rodenticide bandicoot " (" Chinese media biology and control magazine " 1992.3 (4) 221～225) in Qinghai and D type meat kills mouse element Control pika the killing test " Practaculture Science " 2006.23(3) 89～91; Sichuan University's grand grade of what credit is utilized " rodenticide is at Qinghai-Tibet Control pika application test " (" Sichuan animal " 2006,25(4) in Shiqu County Sichuan Province: 743-746); 41-45) and " enclosed pasture, Fromlingzhi, tibet Song Duo town plague of rats Investigation and Prevention " (" Practaculture Science " 2003.20(8) Wei Xuehong of Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College etc. also proposes Ochotona curzoniae harm and prevents and treats method " harm and the control of Ochotona curzoniae to Tibetan highland grassland " (" Sichan grassland " 2006.126(5):: 48-49) etc.Yang Le etc. carry out " biological control and rat-bane various combination are to hiding northern plague of rats control " (" Practaculture Science " 2011.28(4) on Zang Bei grassland: 656-660) prediction is used after D type clostridium botulinum poison mouse, add and recruit scaffold effect, the most remarkable to Ochotona curzoniae short-term control efficiency.
Though these documents have been introduced medicine and the method for some Killing Pikas, be only all disposable rat plague control work or proposition protection natural enemy or the object that reaches long-term control plague of rats problem with trick scaffold.All fail actual implement kill mouse after the Sustainable Control plague of rats and ecological restoration of grassland problem.
Poison bait station control mouse mainly in rural area, field application (Zou Jianming etc. poison bait cylinder control bandicoot is effective. plant protection, 1991,17(3): 50-51; Xu Xiang etc. the family mouse that dwells is placed the selectivity of Poison bait station to farm house diverse location. plant doctor, 2004,17(5): 26. etc.); Rodent-proof mesh also mainly in city, farm house and application in forestry protection against rodents (Xin Zheng etc. the dwell environmental improvement of mouse of family. Chinese hygienic biocide medical instruments, 2010,16(1): 5-7; The .5 such as Sun Junhong farm rodent prevention equipment situation and mouse density relationship are analyzed. Chinese hygienic biocide medical instruments, 2012,18(4): 284-286; Wang Rong. the application of rodent-proof mesh protection against rodents technology in production of forestry. Xinjiang forestry, 2007,5:43-44.); On grassland, not yet find that there is Poison bait station and rodent-proof mesh and apply and be applicable to the bibliographical information of the size of grassland, Tibet Ochotona curzoniae Poison bait station and the net footpath size of rodent-proof mesh etc.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the long-term preventing control method of grassland, a kind of Tibet bandicoot, the method utilizes anticoagulation rodenticide to implement after large area killing rodent large area in conjunction with Poison bait station, implement to prohibit by fence and herd, control and herd, set up in rodent-proof mesh prevents that mouse outside fence from entering, and Poison bait station control mouse measure and reach Sustainable Control plague of rats object.The correction deratization rate of application grassland, the inventive method disposable control Tibet Ochotona curzoniae can reach 90.85%～99.12%; Prohibit mid-July next year and herd vegetation coverage raising 29% in fence; vegetation height can exceed 30cm; can mow autumn and use while lacking grass standby winter; lower livestock lethality in winter, can reach grassland, the long-term control Tibet plague of rats, exempt and need to carry out large area killing rodent large area work every year simultaneously; significantly reduce drug use amount; cost-saving, non-target animals, the protection of the environments such as protection Natural Enemies of Rats, recover grassland ecology balance object.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has taked following technical measures:
The long-term preventing control method of a kind of Tibet grassland bandicoot, the exclosure of fence or winter range or saeter (object of described fence setting is to implement to prohibit and herd, control and herd in order to prevent livestock from entering in fence) are selected to have in described grassland.
(1) grassland, current Tibet, exclosure (vegetation coverage is lower than 20%, and grass amount is lower than 20% of primary grassland) enforcement returning husbandry to grassland in the place of extremely degenerating, and set up fence closure against grazing; Select this place mouse density higher, reaching index for control is interior the inventive method of implementing of fence that per hectare is greater than 150 effective rat hole mouths.
(2) feeder growing system has been implemented in winter range Tibet, and cattle and sheep lethality in winter is high, adds the impact of grass-land deterioration, substantially can cut without grass, and forage famine, meets the extreme weathers such as snow disaster winter, causes livestock mortality.Therefore, winter range has completed fence-building more.Select interior the inventive method of implementing of winter range fence of mouse density higher (per hectare is greater than 150 effective rat hole mouths) easily to obtain herdsman's support.
(3) some saeter of saeter also completes fence-building, also can implement the inventive method at important saeter.
Described method concrete steps are as follows:
1, choose opportunities: select the early stage of Ochotona curzoniae Breeding climax, conventionally in annual early March～early April, add deprivation of food during this, therefore for the best kills mouse opportunity.
2, rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up:
Paste fence in the grassland fences bottom choosing and playing together all high rodent-proof mesh of installation 45-60cm, rodent-proof mesh is fixed with angle steel, described rodent-proof mesh selects aperture to be less than the wire netting (wire netting or stainless steel cloth or punching iron sheet net) of 2cm, irony rodent-proof mesh does brush antirust paint, plastic-blasting or soaks the antirust processing of moulding, stainless steel cloth string diameter 0.13-0.25mm; Iron wire string diameter is not less than 0.5mm; The thick 0.5mm that is not less than of iron sheet.
The long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m.
Rodent-proof mesh is built in below fence, place on the ground (due to Grassland ecosystem of Tibet fragility, turf can not dig, and therefore can not rodent-proof mesh be imbedded to ground next part for protection against rodents better), the mouse that can prevent outside in this region after killing mouse enters in this fence causes harm.
Utilize muroid to have to keep to the side the habit control mouse that runs and get into the cave, inside and outside rodent-proof mesh bottom, set up Poison bait station, in 30-50m, a Poison bait station (being to be distributed with Poison bait station inside and outside fence) is set up in external chiasma, for Poison bait station, the pipe of cement of internal diameter 10-15cm, long 30-50cm, earthen-ware pipe, thick bamboo tube or pvc pipe etc. are made, or, the most easy, lean in rodent-proof mesh bottom with flag, attention is fixing by net.
Bandicoot can enter in Poison bait station, take food poison bait and eliminated, and non-target animals takes food poison bait in can not entering, and this method can avoid the excessive poison bait that takes food of non-target animals to cause poisoning.
3, preparation deratization poison bait
(1) mouse killing medicine and working concentration are selected:
Grassland, Tibet bandicoot Natural Enemies and quantity are many, and especially accipiter is called Condor and more needs protection.Mouse killing medicine is selected more should be prudent.Apodemus agrarius poor stability and can not using, the acute toxicity of second generation anticoagulation rodenticide is stronger compared with the first generation, and not as first generation anticoagulation rodenticide safety, and easily cause secondary poisoning and influence ecological environment safety.Therefore, the second generation anticoagulation rodenticides such as Bromadiolone do not produce in resistance situation first generation anticoagulant grassland, current Tibet bandicoot, should not use.Be subject to for the safety of biological rat-bane C, D type creotoxin clostridium the query that Australian expert proposes in the application of Zang Bei grassland, domestic also have expert to query constantly this.Therefore, the present invention should select the higher first generation anticoagulation rodenticide of safety on grassland, Tibet with rodenticide deratization.
Can also ensure under safety condition choice for use C or D type creotoxin clostridium rat-bane and second generation anticoagulation rodenticide (contain Bromadiolone, Talon, kill its battle etc.);
Described first generation anticoagulation rodenticide comprises that diphacinone-Na, warfarin, coumatetralyl, chlorophacinone and spy kill mouse No. 2, spy are killed mouse No. 3 and the clean 88-3 mother liquor of 5% mouse etc.
Preferably, for spy kills mouse, No. 2, spy are killed mouse No. 3 or diphacinone-Na pulvis to described first generation anticoagulation rodenticide.
Ochotona curzoniae is to first generation anticoagulation rodenticide sensitivity, so, should first carry out variable concentrations gradient test under typical concentrations, select to reach correction deratization rate and be 90% least concentration and kill mouse.For example: it is 0.1% with working concentration No. 2 interiorly conventionally that spy kills mouse, by testing in Zang Bei grassland variable concentrations gradient, 0.07%, 0.05% and 0.01%, correction deratization rate reaches 99.12%～90.85%, 0.01% deratization effect reaches 90.85%, therefore, spy to kill mouse can choice for use concentration be 0.01% No. 2.
(2) bait is selected:
Select fresh cereal seed as bait, bait is selected from highland barley, oat or wheat, and optimal selection is fresh highland barley, and its consumption bait rate reaches more than 80%.
(3) preparation of deratization poison bait:
Adopt infusion method preparation cereal seed poison bait, accurately take in proportion first generation anticoagulation rodenticide, bait and clear water (clean water), the dose that kills mouse is determined according to working concentration, adds clear water (clean water) according to seed saturated water absorption, adds 30～50% clear water of bait weight.Concrete compound method is: 1., first by first generation anticoagulation rodenticide mother liquor or pulvis first the mother liquor after dissolving pour in clear water, stir; 2., pour in the container that fills bait (cement pit, large basin etc.) into by mixing uniform liquid, fully turn evenly, turned once every 30～60 minutes; 3., turn 7～12 times, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
4, throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area:
In the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, throw in poison bait, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously or threw in once again every one day, first day is generally thrown in, within second day, supplement and throw in, supplementary mode of throwing in is that throwing 2-4g is mended in the hole that leakage is thrown, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many how much supplementing.
Strict demand according to grassland, Tibet to protection ecological safety, must render to poison bait in rat hole, and to avoid other animal to eat by mistake, each rat hole is thrown in 2～4 grams, approximately 100 highland barley poison baits; Be better than acute toxicity according to the chronic virulence of first generation anticoagulation rodenticide again, throw in continuously 2 days, or threw in once again every one day.Throwing in for the first time poison bait is generally to throw in, and is for the second time to mend to throw.Key is on a small quantity, connects and throw 2 times.Notice that rat hole mouth has cobweb or the long bait (for the discarded hole of mouse) of poisoning of exempting from that has grass; Every rat hole can not excessive input poison bait, otherwise waste poison bait or cause excessive the taking food of non-target animals and poisoning.
Also throw in deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, the mouse that prevents outside utilizes former rat hole to move in fence to cause harm, and put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
5, after large area killing rodent large area, continue prevention and control bandicoot:
In Poison bait station, poison bait monthly checks 2 times, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait, does not eat up motionless.
Owing to all placing Poison bait station inside and outside fence, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moving.
Utilize the not only large area killing rodent large area application in period first in full fence of Poison bait station control mouse, after date also can be killed for a long time remaining mouse and accidentally invade mouse, ensures long-term control bandicoot.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
The present invention is according to Grassland ecosystem of Tibet characteristic and Ochotona curzoniae physiological ecological feature, takes into full account the masses of Tibetan folkways and customs, the method for the long-term prevention and control bandicoot proposing in conjunction with interior ground plague of rats preventing control method.Application the present invention not only can give full play to the drug effect of first generation anticoagulation rodenticide; improve the deratization rate of Control pika; reach more than 90%; and significantly reduce working concentration, reduce drug use amount; key be can the long-term control plague of rats and every year large area use chemicals to kill mouse, protect the non-target animals such as Natural Enemies of Rats, preserve the ecological environment; can progressively recover Grassland ecosystem of Tibet balance, the guarantor livestock of can also mowing in taboo is herded fence survives the winter simultaneously.Grassland, easy understandable, the applicable Tibet of the inventive method plague of rats long-term control.Avoid every year large area to carry out and killed mouse, protection Grassland ecosystem of Tibet environment.And the popularization of can fanning out from point to area, progressively recover Grassland ecosystem of Tibet balance.
Embodiment
Applicant is described in further detail the inventive method in connection with specific embodiment below; object is to make those skilled in the art to have more detailed understanding and cognition to the inventive method, and following examples should not be understood to the restriction to request protection domain of the present invention in any degree.
Embodiment 1:
The long-term preventing control method of a kind of Tibet grassland bandicoot, step is as follows:
1. rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up the fence exclosure of selecting approximately 100 hectares of areas, and mouse density reaches 325 effective rat holes of per hectare, the annual closure against grazing of this fence, and main bandicoot is Ochotona curzoniae; At the beginning of 2008 4 months, first paste fence inner side in this fence bottom and playing together all high iron wire rodent-proof mesh (having brushed antirust paint) of installation 50cm, mesh size is 1.8 × 1.8cm, string diameter 0.6mm, add iron wire with angle steel and fix rodent-proof mesh, the long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m;
In rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 50m, 1 Poison bait station that pvc pipe is made is placed in external chiasma, Poison bait station internal diameter 15cm, and long 40cm, shares more than 800 individual Poison bait stations, and fixedly leans against under rodent-proof mesh with iron wire.
2. preparation deratization poison bait selects first generation anticoagulation rodenticide-spy to kill No. 2 mother liquor (agriculture chemical registrations number: LS992078 of mouse, 10% synergy diphacinone-Na mother liquor), through carrying out the test of variable concentrations gradient on Nagqu grassland, reaching correction deratization rate and be 90% minimum working concentration is 0.01%; With fresh highland barley be bait, be mixed with 0.01% poison bait.Kill No. 2 highland barley poison baits of mouse as example to prepare 50 kilogram of 0.01% spy: first take 50 kilograms, fresh highland barley, measure spy and kill No. 2 mother liquor 50ml of mouse, clear water 20kg, 50ml spy is killed to No. 2 mother liquors of mouse to pour in the container of 20 kilograms of clear water, stir, again the liquid of dilution is poured in the cement pit that fills 50 kilograms of highland barleys, turn evenly, turned once every 45 minutes, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
3. throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area early April and in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, throw in poison bait without the fine day of snow, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously, first day is generally thrown in, within second day, supplement and throw in, supplementary mode of throwing in is that throwing 2-4g is mended in the hole that leakage is thrown, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many how much supplementing.
Throw in too deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, prevent that this suslik from utilizing former rat hole to move in fence and causing harm, put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
Offer medicine latter 15 days, in fence exclosure, the effective rat hole number of per hectare reduces to 27, and deratization rate reaches 91.69%; 352 effective hole/hm before blank district kills mouse
2, 334 effective hole/hm after going out
2, correction deratization rate reaches 91.21%.
4. after large area killing rodent large area, continue rodent-proof mesh after prevention and control bandicoot large area killing rodent large area and can play the effect of causing harm in fence of moving into of the most bandicoots of blocking-up; Poison bait in Poison bait station monthly checks 2 times, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait 10-30g, do not eat up motionlessly, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moving, and reaches the object that continues control mouse.Mid-July next year, fence implants coverage rate rose to 44% from 15% of last year, and to grow into 30cm high from being no more than 10cm for vegetation height; And just need not large area carry out use chemicals mouse killing working every year at Second Year and in rear enclosure, thereby reach the object of the long-term control plague of rats.
Embodiment 2:
The long-term preventing control method of a kind of Tibet grassland bandicoot, step is as follows:
1. rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up and are selected fence and the mouse density of winter range to reach 260 effective rat holes of per hectare, approximately 340 hectares of fences of area, this fence closure against grazing in summer, control livestock number winter and enter in fence and herd (not allowing the livestock of others' family to enter in fence), main bandicoot is Ochotona curzoniae; In late March, 2009 is pasting fence inner side and is playing together all high iron wire rodent-proof mesh of installation 60cm in this fence bottom, mesh size is 1.6 × 1.6cm, string diameter is 0.6mm, adopt angle steel to add the fixing rodent-proof mesh of iron wire, the long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m;
In rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 40m, 1 earthen-ware pipe Poison bait station that potter's clay is made is placed in external chiasma, Poison bait station internal diameter 18cm, and long 45cm, and fixedly lean against under rodent-proof mesh with iron wire.
2. preparation deratization poison bait selects first generation anticoagulation rodenticide-spy to kill No. 3 (agriculture chemical registrations number: LS992077 of mouse, 2% synergy diphacinone-Na mother liquor), through carrying out the test of variable concentrations gradient on Nagqu grassland, reaching correction deratization rate and be 90% minimum working concentration is 0.01%; With fresh highland barley be bait, be mixed with 0.01% poison bait.Kill No. 3 highland barley poison baits of mouse as example to prepare 50 kilogram of 0.02% spy: first take 50 kilograms, fresh highland barley, measure spy and kill No. 3 mother liquor 250ml of mouse, clear water 20kg, 250ml spy is killed to No. 3 mother liquors of mouse to pour in the container of 20 kilograms of clear water, stir, again the liquid of dilution is poured in the cement pit that fills 50 kilograms of highland barleys, turn evenly, turned once every 50 minutes, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
3. throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area and in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, throw in poison bait at the beginning of 4 months, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously, first day is generally thrown in, within second day, supplement and throw in, supplementary mode of throwing in is that throwing 2-4g is mended in the hole that leakage is thrown, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many how much supplementing.
Throw in too deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, prevent that this suslik from utilizing former rat hole to move in fence and causing harm, put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
Offer medicine latter 15 days, in fence, the effective rat hole of per hectare is reduced to 15, and deratization rate is 94.23%; Before blank goes out, be 247 effective hole/hm
2, 241 effective hole/hm after going out
2, correction deratization rate reaches 94.09%.
4. after large area killing rodent large area, continue rodent-proof mesh after prevention and control bandicoot large area killing rodent large area and can play the effect of causing harm in fence of moving into of the most bandicoots of blocking-up; Poison bait in Poison bait station monthly checks 2 times, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait 10-30g, do not eat up motionlessly, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moving, and reaches the object that continues control mouse.Mid-July next year, fence implants coverage rate rose to 54% from 23% of last year, and vegetation height, from being no more than 10cm, grows into 30cm high, but vegetal cover degree the 3rd year and substantially remain on more than 50% later and can not degenerate; And need not large area carry out use chemicals mouse killing working every year at Second Year and in later with regard to fence, thereby reach the object of the long-term control plague of rats.
Embodiment 3:
The long-term preventing control method of a kind of Tibet grassland bandicoot, step is as follows:
1. rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up and are selected saeter and mouse density to reach 248 effective rat holes in left and right of per hectare, approximately 70 hectares of fences of area, and main bandicoot is Ochotona curzoniae, and this fence control mode of herding is summer pasturing (oneself livestock), and winter, taboo was herded; In early March, 2010 is pasting fence inner side and is playing together all high stainless steel rodent-proof mesh of installation 45cm in this fence bottom, string diameter 0.15mm, mesh size is 1.5 × 1.5cm, add iron wire with angle steel and fix rodent-proof mesh, the long 80cm of angle steel, angle steel inserts underground 30cm, every the fixing rodent-proof mesh of an angle steel for 1.4m-1.6m;
In rodent-proof mesh bottom, in 40m, 1 Poison bait station that pipe of cement is made is placed in external chiasma, Poison bait station internal diameter 20cm, and long 50cm, and fixedly lean against under rodent-proof mesh with iron wire.
2. preparation deratization poison bait is selected first generation anticoagulation rodenticide-80% diphacinone-Na pulvis, and through carry out the test of variable concentrations gradient on Nagqu grassland, reaching correction deratization rate and be 90% minimum working concentration is 0.02%; With fresh highland barley be bait, be mixed with 0.02% poison bait.To prepare 50 kilogram of 0.02% diphacinone-Na highland barley poison bait as example: first take 50 kilograms, fresh highland barley, take 80% diphacinone-Na pulvis 10g, measure more than 90% alcohol 50ml, clear water 20kg, the alcohol of 50ml is poured in the beaker of 10g diphacinone-Na pulvis, stir, after allowing diphacinone-Na all dissolve, pour into again in the container of 20 kilograms of clear water, stir, again the liquid of dilution is poured in the cement pit that fills 50 kilograms of highland barleys, turn evenly, turned once every 60 minutes, after liquid is fully absorbed, can use.
3. throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area mid-March and throw in poison bait in the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, and each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throws in continuously 2 days; First day is generally thrown in, and within second day, supplements and throws in, and supplementary mode of throwing in is that throwing 2-4g is mended in the hole that leakage is thrown, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many how much supplementing.
Throw in too deratization poison bait at a distance of fence outside 20m with interior grassland rat hole, as boundary belt, prevent that this suslik from utilizing former rat hole to move in fence and causing harm, put-on method is with rat hole in fence.
After 15 days, it is 12 that the interior mouse density of fence reduces to the effective rat hole of per hectare, and deratization rate reaches 95.16%; Before blank goes out, be 255 effective hole/hm
2, 246 effective hole/hm after going out
2, correction deratization rate is 94.98%.
4. after large area killing rodent large area, continue rodent-proof mesh after prevention and control bandicoot large area killing rodent large area and can play the effect of causing harm in fence of moving into of the most bandicoots of blocking-up; Poison bait in Poison bait station monthly checks 2 times, as poison bait is eaten up, supplements and throws in poison bait 10-30g, do not eat up motionlessly, can kill remaining mouse and the outside mouse moving, and reaches the object that continues control mouse.Next year and can maintain 58% left and right with rear enclosure interplantation coating cover degree, and near the steppe vegetation cover degree of not taking measures declines year by year, Second Year and later just need not large area in fence carry out and use chemicals mouse killing working every year, thus reach the object of the long-term control plague of rats.
Note: spy kills mouse No. 2, No. 3, pesticide name is synergy diphacinone-Na mother liquor, and content is 10% and 2% according to diphacinone-Na.
Claims (5)
1. the long-term preventing control method of grassland, Tibet bandicoot, described grassland is exclosure or winter range or the saeter that has fence, and described grassland mouse density is greater than 150 effective rat hole mouths of per hectare, and described method step is as follows:
(1), choose opportunities: annual early March～early April;
(2), rodent-proof mesh and Poison bait station are set up
Pasting fence in the grassland fences bottom choosing and playing together all high rodent-proof mesh of installation 45-60cm, with angle steel, rodent-proof mesh is being fixed, it is the wire netting of 1.5-1.8cm that described rodent-proof mesh is selected aperture;
Inside and outside rodent-proof mesh bottom, set up Poison bait station, in 30-50m, a Poison bait station is set up in external chiasma;
(3), preparation deratization poison bait
Mouse killing medicine and working concentration are selected: select first generation anticoagulation rodenticide, for spy kills mouse, No. 2, spy are killed mouse No. 3 or diphacinone-Na pulvis to described first generation anticoagulation rodenticide; It is that 90% least concentration is as the working concentration that kills mouse that selection reaches correction deratization rate;
When described mouse killing medicine kills mouse No. 2 for spy, described in the working concentration that kills mouse be 0.01%; When described mouse killing medicine kills mouse No. 3 for spy, described in the working concentration that kills mouse be 0.01%; In the time that described mouse killing medicine is diphacinone-Na pulvis, described in the working concentration that kills mouse be 0.02%;
Bait is selected: select fresh cereal seed as bait;
The preparation of deratization poison bait: adopt infusion method preparation cereal seed deratization poison bait;
The compound method of described deratization poison bait is: take in proportion first generation anticoagulation rodenticide, bait and clear water, first generation anticoagulation rodenticide dose is determined according to working concentration, adds clear water according to seed saturated water absorption;
The concrete compound method of described deratization poison bait is:
, first by first generation anticoagulation rodenticide mother liquor or pulvis first the mother liquor after dissolving pour in clear water, stir;
, pour in the container that fills bait mixing uniform liquid, fully turn evenly, turned once every 30～60 minutes;
, treat that liquid is fully absorbed;
(4), throw in deratization poison bait large area killing rodent large area
In the rat hole in fence and the Poison bait station under rodent-proof mesh, throw in poison bait, put-on method is that 2-4g is thrown in every hole, each Poison bait station is thrown in 10-30g, throw in 2 days continuously or threw in once again every one day, first day is generally thrown in, within second day, supplement and throw in, supplementary mode of throwing in is that throwing 2-4g is mended in the hole that leakage is thrown, and the poison bait of having thrown is eaten how many how much supplementing;
At a distance of fence outside, 20m also throws in deratization poison bait with interior grassland rat hole, and as boundary belt, put-on method is with rat hole in fence;
(5), after large area killing rodent large area, continue prevention and control bandicoot
In Poison bait station, poison bait monthly checks 2 times, and poison bait is eaten up, and supplements and throws in poison bait, does not eat up motionless.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fresh cereal seed is highland barley, oat or wheat.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rodent-proof mesh is wire netting or stainless steel cloth or punching iron sheet net, and irony rodent-proof mesh does brush antirust paint, plastic-blasting or soaks the antirust processing of moulding.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described stainless steel cloth string diameter 0.13-0.25mm; Iron wire string diameter is not less than 0.5mm; The thick 0.5mm that is not less than of iron sheet.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: pipe of cement, earthen-ware pipe, thick bamboo tube or the pvc pipe of described Poison bait station internal diameter 10-15cm, long 30-50cm are made, or leans to fixing as Poison bait station in rodent-proof mesh bottom with flag.
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| CN106538314B (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2019-08-20 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Chinese medicine ground plague of rats control method |
| CN108377827B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-03-31 | 四川大学 | Continuous control method for grassland pest rats |
| CN109258691A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-25 | 广东惠利民有害生物防制工程有限公司 | A kind of paddy bait that efficiently kills mouse |
| CN110973107A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-10 | 上海蒂锦特环境科技发展有限公司 | Outdoor mouse damage prevention and control method |
| CN111011350A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-04-17 | 北京美汐朗洁环保科技有限公司 | Method for killing and preventing rats |
| CN116267909B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2024-06-07 | 黑龙江省林业科学院牡丹江分院(黑龙江省森林非木质资源研究所) | Phytotoxin rodenticide for preventing and controlling zokor injury in forests and rodenticide method |
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