CN103443098B - 作为溶血磷脂酸受体的拮抗剂的化合物、组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
作为溶血磷脂酸受体的拮抗剂的化合物、组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103443098B CN103443098B CN201180069389.XA CN201180069389A CN103443098B CN 103443098 B CN103443098 B CN 103443098B CN 201180069389 A CN201180069389 A CN 201180069389A CN 103443098 B CN103443098 B CN 103443098B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种作为LPA受体拮抗剂的化合物以及含有该化合物的药物组合物。本发明还公开了所述化合物和所述组合物的应用以及使用所述化合物治疗、预防或诊断与LPA受体中的一种或一种以上有关的疾病、失调或病症的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作为溶血磷脂酸(LPA)受体的拮抗剂的化合物以及含有该化合物的药物组合物。本发明还涉及上述化合物和组合物的应用以及使用上述化合物治疗、预防或诊断与LPA受体中的一种或一种以上有关的疾病、失调或病症的方法。
背景技术
溶血磷脂酸(1-酰基-2-羟基-sn-丙三醇-3-磷酸酯,LPA)是通过涉及磷脂酶A2和溶血磷脂酶D(即溶血PLD/自家趋化素(autotaxin))的若干酶促反应的作用由膜脂衍生得到的生物活性脂质介质(Moolenaar,2007;Nakanaga,2010)。LPA在若干种细胞功能中发挥作用,例如:细胞增殖、分化、存活、迁移和侵袭。这些功能影响包括血管新生、伤口修复、纤维化、炎症和癌形成在内的许多生理和病理过程。拮抗LPA受体的小分子化合物可用于治疗依赖于LPA的或由LPA介导的疾病、失调或病症(Tigyi,2010)。
LPA作用于靶细胞上的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)。LPA与6个亚型(LPA1,LPA2,LPA3,LPA4,LPA5,LPA6)的特异性的GPCR结合活化细胞内信号转导通路,从而产生一系列生物反应(Chun,2010)。LPA1(EDG2)在成人体内的许多组织中表达(An,1997)。LPA2(EDG-4)在人类的睾丸、胰脏、前列腺、胸腺、脾脏和外周血白细胞以及各种癌细胞系中表达(An,1998)。LPA3(EDG-7)在人类的心脏、胰脏、前列腺、睾丸、肺、卵巢和脑中表达(Bandoh,1999)。LPA4(p2y9/GPR23)、LPA5(GPR92)和LPA6(p2y5)为GPCR的嘌呤受体簇的成员并且与LPA1、LPA2和LPA3不太相关(Tigyi,2010)。
长久以来,本领域已知LPA是成纤维细胞的丝裂原(vanCorven,1989)和刺激促进纤维化的结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)生成的因素(Hahn,2000;Jeon,2008)。LPA还诱导伤口愈合过程中成纤维细胞分化为肌成纤维细胞所需的氯离子通道的表达和活化(Yin,2008)。最近的研究表明LPA在肾脏纤维化(Pradere,2007)、肝纤维化(Watanabe,2007),眼睛纤维化(Yin,2008)和肺纤维化(Tager,2008)中发挥作用。在动物模型中,LPA1基因缺失和对LPA1受体的药理抑制作用抑制纤维化的恶化(Pradere,2007;Tager,2008;Swaney,2010)。因此,LPA1受体拮抗剂可成为治疗纤维化的新疗法。
而且,LPA及其GPCR还可在多种类型的癌症的发展中发挥作用(MillsandMoolenaar,2007)。LPA为提高包括肿瘤细胞在内的许多类型的细胞的增殖的丝裂原(Yang,2005)。LPA还可通过提高细胞的运动性和侵袭性促进肿瘤的恶化。自家趋化素(ATX)为从人黑色素瘤细胞的条件培养基中最初分离出的促肿瘤转移酶,该促肿瘤转移酶通过生成LPA刺激多种生物活性,其中包括血管新生和促进细胞生长、迁移、存活和分化。LPA受体拮抗剂Kil6425阻断高度腹膜转移的胰腺癌细胞系的LPA诱导的侵袭活性和腹水诱导的侵袭活性(Yamada,2004)。Kil6425还抑制动物模型中乳腺癌细胞向骨的转移(Boucharaba,2006)。因此,遗传抑制或药理抑制LPA受体信号转导代表了癌症治疗的新方法。
其他方面,在组织损伤位点释放LPA之后,LPA1在引发神经痛方面发挥重要作用(Inoue,2004)。
发明内容
本发明提供作为LPA的拮抗剂的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、前药和溶剂化物以及所述化合物的应用。本发明还提供用于治疗患有一种或一种以上LPA依赖性或LPA介导的病症或疾病的患者的方法。
释义
本文使用的术语“纤维化”是指与胶原蛋白和成纤维细胞的异常累积有关的病症。该术语包括但不限于单个器官或组织(例如,肺、肾脏、肝脏、胃肠(GI)道、皮肤、眼睛和肌肉)的纤维化。实例包括但不限于:肺纤维化(先天性肺纤维化、由辐射或药物导致的肺纤维化、由细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎、外伤、呼吸机、非肺源性败血症导致的急性或慢性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫);肾脏纤维化(由全身性炎症疾病(例如狼疮和硬皮病)、糖尿病、肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、IgA肾病、高血压和异体移植导致的肾小球肾炎之后的纤维化);肝纤维化(肝硬化、酒精诱导的肝纤维化、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、胆道损伤、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、感染或病毒诱导的肝纤维化(例如,慢性HBV或HCV感染)以及自体免疫性肝炎);GI道纤维化(硬皮病和辐射诱导的GI道纤维化);头颈纤维化(例如,辐射诱导的);角膜瘢痕(例如,LASIK(激光原位角膜磨镶)手术、角膜移植和小梁切除术);皮肤纤维化(过敏性皮炎、大疱性疾病、银屑病皮损、皮炎、接触性皮炎、湿疹、酒糟鼻、异常伤口愈合、瘢痕);以及其他纤维化疾病(硬皮病、脊髓损伤诱导的纤维化、骨髓纤维化、动脉硬化、血管再狭窄、结节病和其他结缔组织疾病)。
本文使用的术语“癌症”是指以不受控制的方式增殖的细胞的异常生长,在一些情况下该异常生长侵袭邻近组织或转移至远处器官。癌症的类型包括但不限于:实体瘤(例如,处于转移或未转移的任何阶段的脑部、乳腺、膀胱、结肠直肠、子宫内膜、肾脏、肺、淋巴组织、卵巢、胰脏、甲状腺、前列腺、皮肤或血液的那些实体瘤)。
具体实施方式
一方面,本发明提供阻断LPA与其受体结合并抑制LPA引起的生物反应的化合物,因此,所述化合物可用作LPA受体的拮抗剂和治疗或预防期望LPA生物活性受到抑制的疾病的药剂,其中,所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药具有通式(I)的结构:
其中,
当R4为H时,R1为C(=O)R5或SO2R5;或者
R4和NHR1与分别连接有R4和NHR1的苯环上的两个碳原子一同形成稠合的、饱和的、部分饱和的或不饱和的5元至7元杂环,所述杂环除了所示的N原子之外还任选地包含1至2个选自N、O或S的杂原子;
R2和R3分别独立地选自:H、F、Cl、Br、CN、OH或C1-C4烷基;
R5为C1-C6烷基、C1-C6芳基、C1-C6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、含有1至2个选自N、O或S的杂原子的5元或6元杂芳基,含有1至2个选自N、O或S的杂原子的5元或6元杂环基,其中,C1-C6烷基、C1-C6芳基、C1-C6烷氧基、C3-6环烷基、5元或6元杂芳基、5元或6元杂环基被F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-C(=O)-OH、-C(=O)-O-C1-6烷基、-S(=O)2-C1-6烷基任选地取代;
m和n分别为0、1或2。
在另一实施方式中,所述化合物为外消旋的,但是优选如下通式(II)的异构体:
如本文所使用的,任何取代基(例如,CH2)中的H原子包含所有合适的同位素变化,例如,H,2H和3H。
如本文所使用的,任何取代基中的其他原子包含所有合适的同位素变化,包括但不限于:11C、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、35S、18F、36I和/或123I。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明的化合物的实例包括但不限于:
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(1H-吲哚-5-基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(1H-吲唑-5-基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-丙酰胺基苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-异丁酰胺基苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(环丙烷甲酰胺基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(甲基(4-甲基异恶唑-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸酯)氨基甲酸酯;
3-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨基)-3-氧丙酸甲酯;
1-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)环丙烷羧酸甲酯;
1-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)环丙烷羧酸;
4-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨基)-4-氧丁酸;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(2-(甲基磺酰基)乙酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(2-氰基乙酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(2-乙氧基乙酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-苯甲酰氨基苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(噻唑-2-甲酰胺基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
4-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸;
(R)-1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(乙基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(1-甲基乙基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(环丙烷亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(环己烷亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(2,2,2-三氟乙基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(吗啉-4-亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-(1-乙基哌啶-4-亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
3-(N-(4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨磺酰)丙酸甲酯;
3-(N-(4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨磺酰)丙酸;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(苯基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(吡啶-3-亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(3-氟代-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(2-氟代-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(3,5-二氟代-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(3-氯代-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(2-氯代-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(3-甲基-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(3-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(3-氟代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(3,4-二氟代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(3,4-二氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(4-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2-氯代-4-氟代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(2,4-二氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
1-(4-氯代-2-氟代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
(R)-1-(2-氯代-4-氟代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
(R)-1-(2-氯代-4-氟代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
(R)-1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(2-氟代-4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯;
(R)-3-(N-(4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨磺酰)丙酸;
(R)-3-(N-(4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)-3-氟代苯基)氨磺酰)丙酸;
(R)-4-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)苯基)氨基)-4-氧丁酸;或
(R)-4-((4-(4-(((1-(2-氯代苯基)乙氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基异恶唑-5-基)-3-氟代苯基)氨基)-4-氧丁酸。
另一方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及至少一种药学上可接受的非活性成分,例如,载体或稀释剂。这种组合物可以常规方式通过混合、造粒或包被方法制备成用于静脉内注射、口服给药、吸入给药、鼻部给药、皮下注射、局部给药、眼部给药或耳部给药。在一些实施方式中,所述药物组合物为片剂、药丸、胶囊、液体、吸入剂、鼻部喷雾溶液、栓剂、悬浮液、凝胶、胶体、分散剂、悬浮液、溶液、乳剂、软膏、洗剂、眼用滴剂或耳用滴剂。
优选地,本发明的组合物可为口服组合物、可注射组合物或栓剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述组合物为口服组合物并且可为片剂或明胶胶囊,所述片剂或明胶胶囊包含作为活性成分的本发明的化合物和如下成分:a)稀释剂(例如,乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纤维素和/或甘氨酸),b)润滑剂(例如,二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸的镁盐或钙盐和/或聚乙二醇);对于片剂而言,还包含c)粘合剂(例如,硅酸镁铝、淀粉糊剂、明胶、tragamayth、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),如果需要的话,还包含d)崩解剂(例如,淀粉、琼脂、海藻酸或其钠盐,或者起泡性混合物),和/或e)吸收剂、着色剂、调味剂和甜味剂。
在另一实施方式中,所述组合物为可注射的组合物并且可为水性等渗溶液或悬浮液。
在又一实施方式中,所述组合物为栓剂并且可由脂肪乳剂或悬浮液制备。
优选地,所述组合物为无菌的和/或含有佐剂。所述佐剂可为防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、溶液促进剂、用于调节渗透压的盐、缓冲剂和/或它们的任何组合。
可选地或此外,所述组合物还可包含用于不同应用的其他治疗上有价值的物质,例如增溶剂、稳定剂、张力增强剂、缓冲剂和/或防腐剂。
在本发明的实施方式中,所述组合物可为适于透皮施用的剂型。这种剂型包括有效量的本发明的化合物以及载体。优选地,所述载体可包括有助于穿过受体皮肤的可吸收的药理学上可接受的溶剂。还可使用包含所述剂型的透皮设备。所述透皮设备可为绷带的形式,所述绷带包括:支持部件、含有任选地带有载体的所述化合物的储库、任选地包含速度控制屏障,该屏障以受控的且预定的速度将所述化合物递送至受体皮肤持续一段延长的时间段,所述绷带还包括将所述设备固定于皮肤的工具。在其他方面,还可使用基质透皮剂型。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,所述组合物可为适于局部施用的剂型,例如,施用于皮肤和眼睛,并且所述组合物可为本领域已知的水溶液、软膏、霜剂或凝胶。
另一方面,本发明提供作为LPA受体中的至少一个亚型的拮抗剂的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前药的应用,所述LPA受体中的至少一个亚型选自:LPA1、LPA2、LPA3、LPA4、LPA5和LPA6。在一种实施方式中,本发明的化合物为LPA1受体的拮抗剂。在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物为LPA1受体的选择性拮抗剂。
对于医药应用而言,本发明的化合物用于治疗或预防器官纤维化(包括但不限于:肺纤维化、肝纤维化、肝硬化、肾纤维化、心脏纤维化、先天性肺纤维化、硬皮病、辐射诱导的纤维化和药物诱导的纤维化),增生性疾病(包括但不限于:肿瘤、肿瘤侵袭、肿瘤转移),炎症疾病(包括但不限于:银屑病和肺炎),肾疾病(包括但不限于:肾炎),泌尿生殖系统疾病(包括但不限于:良性前列腺增生),血管新生紊乱(包括但不限于:黄斑变性、血管阻塞),神经系统疾病(包括但不限于:脑梗塞和出血),神经痛,辐射诱导的组织损伤(包括但不限于:辐射诱导的肺炎和纤维化)以及药物诱导的组织损伤(包括但不限于:药物诱导的肺纤维化、药物诱导的肺炎、药物诱导的肝纤维化、药物诱导的急性间质性肾炎)。
在一种特定的实施方式中,本发明的化合物用于治疗纤维化疾病或病症的症状或恶化,所述纤维化疾病或病症包括但不限于:由遗传病因、表观遗传病因、免疫学病因、感染病因、代谢病因、肿瘤学病因、毒性病因、手术病因、先天性病因、辐射病因、药物病因和/或创伤性病因引起的纤维化。
在另一实施方式中,本发明的化合物用于治疗癌症。优选地,所述化合物用于治疗恶性和良性增生疾病。更加优选地,所述化合物用于预防或降低肿瘤细胞的增殖、肿瘤的侵袭和转移。
在又一实施方式中,本发明的化合物用于治疗人类受治者体内的疼痛。优选地,所述疼痛为急性疼痛或慢性疼痛。更加优选地,所述疼痛为神经痛或癌症疼痛。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供所述化合物在制备用于治疗LPA依赖性或LPA介导的疾病或病症的药物中的应用。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供治疗或预防与LPA有关的疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的药物组合物给药于受治者,所述药物组合物包含本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、药学上的活性代谢物、前药或溶剂化物。
在一种用于预防人类受治者体内的纤维化病症的方法实施方式中,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物给药于处于患上一种或一种以上纤维化病症的风险中的人类受治者。在该实施方式的一个方面,所述人类受治者已暴露于已知的会增加器官或组织纤维化风险的一种或一种以上环境条件中。一方面,所述人类受治者已暴露于已知的会增加纤维化风险的一种或一种以上环境条件中。一方面,所述人类受治者存在患上器官或组织纤维化的遗传倾向。一方面,将本发明的化合物给药于人类受治者以预防或最小化损伤后产生的瘢痕。一方面,所述损伤包括手术损伤。另一方面,所述损伤包括放疗损伤。又一方面,所述损伤包括药物诱导的损伤。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供治疗纤维化的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物给药于人类受治者。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供治疗人类受治者的癌症的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物和/或第二治疗剂给药于所述人类受治者,其中,所述第二治疗剂为抗癌药剂。
在又一实施方式中,本发明提供治疗人类受治者体内的疼痛的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物给药于所述人类受治者。
本发明的化合物可通过本领域已知的常规的且可接受的方式中的任何一种、以单独的方式或以与一种或一种以上治疗剂联合(当可产生协同效应时)的方式、以治疗有效量给药。当本发明的化合物与其他疗法联合施用时,联合给药的化合物的剂量取决于联合使用的药物类型、所使用的具体药物、所治疗的病症等等而发生变化。
在患者的病症没有改善的一些实施方式中,根据医生的判断,化合物的给药可长期进行,也就是说,化合物的给药时间延长(包括患者的整个生命周期),从而改善或控制或抑制患者的疾病或病症的症状。
如果患者的病症得到改善,给药的药物剂量可降低或暂停一段时间。所述一段时间可为2天至1年。在一种实施方式中,所述一段时间为2天至一周,包括3天、4天、5天和6天。在另一实施方式中,所述一段时间为两周内,例如,10天和12天。在另一实施方式中,所述一段时间为四周内,例如,15天和20天。在另一实施方式中,患者的病症明显改善,那么所述一段时间可为更长的时间段,即,超过四周。在上述时间段内,剂量可降低10%至100%。例如,剂量降低10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%或100%。
在实践中,存在如下情况:为了达到某一目的,例如,帮助伤口愈合,需要提高患者的LPA活性。在这些情况下,给药的药物剂量也可降低或暂停一段时间。在与上述相同的情况下,所述一段时间可为2天至1年。在一种实施方式中,所述一段时间为2天至1周,包括3天、4天、5天和6天。在另一实施方式中,所述一段时间为两周内,例如,10天和12天。在另一实施方式中,所述一段时间为四周内,例如15天和20天。在另一实施方式中,患者的病症显著改善,那么所述一段时间可为更长的一段时间,即,超过四周。在上述时间段内,剂量可降低10%至100%。例如,剂量降低10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%或100%。一旦需要提高LPA活性的情况得到缓解,就恢复正常的剂量方案。
一旦患者的病症得到改善,如果需要的话,通常以维持剂量进行给药。随后,给药的剂量或频率或者这两者均可降低,从而使病症的改善得到保持。在一些实施方式中,在任何症状复发之后,需要长期的间歇性治疗。
给定的药剂的量根据诸如具体的化合物、疾病病症及其严重程度,需要治疗的受治者或受体的特性(例如,体重,性别)之类的因素而发生变化,但是仍然可根据病例相关的具体条件来确定,所述具体条件包括例如,所给药的具体药剂,给药途径,所治疗的病症和接受治疗的受治者或受体。
对于实际应用而言,将有效量的化合物单独给药于患者。优选地,本发明的化合物的合适的每日剂量为约0.01mg/kg/体重至约10mg/kg/体重,也就是说,例如,适于人类的每日剂量为约0.5mg至约1000mg。每日剂量可方便地给药一次或连续或持续地以分次剂量给药。一旦每日剂量通过多次进行给药(例如但不限于:每天两次、三次或四次),那么每6小时、每8小时或每12小时给药所述化合物。含有约1mg至500mg活性成分的每日剂量可以持续释放的形式给药和/或口服给药。在一些实施方式中,每日剂量、单位剂量或活性成分的量可基于与个体治疗方案有关的多种变量而发生改变,所述多种变量例如:所使用的化合物的活性、待治疗的疾病或病症、给药模式、个体受治者的需要、所治疗的疾病或病症的严重程度、医师的判断。
此外,每日剂量与毒性和这些治疗方案的疗效有关,所述毒性和这些治疗方案的疗效通过细胞培养物或实验动物中的标准药学规程来确定,包括但不限于确定LD50和ED50。毒性和疗效之间的剂量比例为治疗指标并且表示为LD50与ED50之间的比例。在一些实施方式中,从细胞培养物实验和动物研究中得到的数据用于配制用于人类受治者(包括人类)的治疗有效每日剂量范围和/或治疗有效单位剂量。在一些实施方式中,本文所述的化合物的每日剂量在循环浓度范围内,所述循环浓度包括具有最小毒性的ED50。在一些实施方式中,每日剂量范围和/或单位剂量基于所使用的剂型和所使用的给药途径在该范围内而发生变化。
一方面,本文所述的人类受治者被诊断为患有心脏纤维化;关节纤维化;眼睛纤维化;肌肉纤维化;肺纤维化(包括但不限于:先天性肺纤维化、由辐射或药物引起的肺纤维化、由细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎、外伤、呼吸机、非肺源性败血症引起的急性或慢性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫);肾纤维化(包括但不限于:由全身性炎症疾病(例如狼疮和硬皮病)、糖尿病、肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、IgA肾病、高血压和异体移植导致的肾小球肾炎之后的纤维化);肝纤维化(包括但不限于:肝硬化、酒精诱导的肝纤维化、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、胆道损伤、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、感染或病毒诱导的肝纤维化(例如,慢性HBV或HCV感染)以及自体免疫性肝炎);GI道纤维化(包括但不限于:硬皮病和辐射诱导的GI道纤维化);头颈纤维化(包括但不限于:辐射诱导的纤维化);角膜瘢痕(例如,LASIK(激光原位角膜磨镶)手术、角膜移植和小梁切除术);皮肤纤维化(包括但不限于:过敏性皮炎、大疱性疾病、银屑病皮损、皮炎、接触性皮炎、湿疹、酒糟鼻、异常伤口愈合、过多瘢痕);或其他纤维化疾病(包括但不限于:硬皮病、脊髓损伤诱导的纤维化、骨髓纤维化、动脉硬化、血管再狭窄、结节病和其他结缔组织疾病)。
另一方面,所述人类受治者被诊断为患有癌症,所述癌症包括但不限于:处于任何阶段的脑肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、膀胱肿瘤、结直肠肿瘤、子宫内膜肿瘤、肾肿瘤、肺肿瘤、淋巴组织肿瘤、卵巢肿瘤、胰腺肿瘤、甲状腺肿瘤、前列腺肿瘤、皮肤肿瘤或血液肿瘤以及肿瘤侵袭和转移。
又一方面,所述人类受治者被诊断为患有疼痛,所述疼痛包括急性疼痛或慢性疼痛,优选地为神经痛或癌症疼痛。
在一些情况下,将所述化合物与另一治疗剂联合给药是合适的。
在一种实施方式中,LPA受体拮抗剂化合物的疗效通过给药其自身没有效用的佐剂来提高。
在一些实施方式中,患者感受到的有益效果通过给药本文所述的化合物中的一种和也具有疗效的另一治疗剂(这也包括治疗方案)来提高。在一种具体的实施方式中,所述化合物与第二治疗剂联合给药,其中,所述化合物和所述第二治疗剂调节所治疗的疾病、失调或病症的不同方面,从而提供比单独给药任一治疗剂更好的总体有益效果。在所治疗的任何疾病或病症中,患者感受到的总体有益效果可为两种治疗剂的简单叠加或者患者可感受到协同有益效果。
在一些实施方式中,当本文公开的化合物与一种或一种以上额外试剂(例如佐剂)或额外的治疗有效药物等联合给药时,本文公开的化合物的不同的治疗有效剂量可用于配制药物组合物和/或用于治疗方案。联合治疗方案中使用的药物和其他试剂的治疗有效剂量可通过与上文所述的用于活性化合物自身的那些方式类似的方式来确定。本文所述的预防/治疗方法包括将联合使用的化合物和第二试剂同时给药或在治疗时间段内在不同的时间和/或以缩短的或增加的时间间隔给药。本文所述的预防/治疗方法还包括使用节律给药或顺序给药以最小化剂量较高的单个药物的副作用。联合治疗还包括在不同的时间开始和结束的周期性治疗,从而有助于患者的临床管理。
对于本文所述的联合疗法而言,联合给药的化合物的剂量基于所联合的药物的类型、所使用的具体药物、所治疗的疾病或病症等等而发生改变。在一种实施方式中,治疗剂中的一种以多剂量的方式给予,并且在另一实施方式中,治疗剂中的两种(或更多种,如果存在的话)以多剂量的方式给予。此外,联合方法、组合物和剂型不限于仅使用两种药剂,还可预见到使用多种治疗性组合。
本发明的化合物和联合的药物在疾病或病症出现之前、出现疾病或病症的过程中或疾病或病症出现之后给药,并且给药含有化合物的组合物的时机不同。因此,在一种实施方式中,本文所述的化合物用作预防性药物并且连续给药于存在患上病症或疾病的趋势的受治者,从而预防疾病或病症的出现。在另一实施方式中,在症状出现的过程中或只要一出现症状,就将所述化合物和组合物给药于受治者。在特定的实施方式中,在检测到疾病或病症的出现或怀疑疾病或病症出现之后,只要本文所述的化合物可行,就给药本文所述的化合物并且持续治疗所述疾病所需的时间段。
在一种实施方式中,联合的治疗剂为“化疗剂”。“化疗剂”为治疗癌症中有用的化学化合物。实例为下列化疗剂,但不限于:吉西他滨、伊立替康、阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿糖胞苷(“Ara-C”)、环磷酰胺、塞替派、白消安、细胞毒素、紫杉醇、甲氨蝶呤、顺铂、美法仑、长春碱和卡铂。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物与放疗联合。放疗为通过电离辐射治疗癌症和其他疾病的方法。放疗可用于治疗局部实体瘤,例如,肺癌、皮肤癌、舌癌、喉癌、脑癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、子宫癌和/或子宫颈癌。术语“放疗”或“电离辐射”包括所有形式的辐射,包括但不限于:α、β和γ辐射以及紫外光。
一方面,本发明的化合物与一种或一种以上抗纤维化药剂联合给药。在一些实施方式中,所述化合物与皮质类固醇、非固醇抗炎药物(NSAID)、COX-2特异性抑制剂或吡非尼酮联合给药。
在一种特定的实施方式中,本文所述的化合物与吸入的皮质类固醇联合给药于患者。
本发明还提供药物组合,优选地为试剂盒,其包括a)第一药剂,其为游离形式或药学上可接受的盐的形式的本文公开的本发明的化合物,和b)至少一种联合药剂。此外,所述试剂盒可包括其给药说明。
本发明的联合疗法可体外或体内使用。这些过程可包括同时给药药剂或在一段时间段内给药药剂,在所述一段时间段内,单独施用上述物质产生期望的治疗有益效果。这可通过使细胞、组织或器官与单一组合物或包括两种或两种以上药剂的药理学制剂接触实现或者通过使细胞与两种或两种以上不同的组合物或制剂接触实现,其中,一种组合物包括一种药剂,另一组合物包括另一药剂。本发明的化合物可在另一药剂的数分钟至数周的时间间隔之前、与另一药剂同时和/或在另一药剂的数分钟至数周的时间间隔之后给药。在将药剂单独施用于细胞、组织或器官的实施方式中,本领域技术人员通常会确保药效时间段不会在每一递送时间之间终止,这样,药剂仍然可对细胞、组织和器官发挥优良的联合效果。例如,在这种情况下,可预见到的是,本领域技术人员可使细胞、组织或器官与作为候选物质的两种、三种、四种或更多种药剂基本同时(即,在小于约1分钟内)接触。在另一实施方式中,一种或一种以上药剂可在约1分钟至14天之间给药。
本文公开的药物剂型可以多种方式通过多种给药途径给药于受治者,所述多种给药途径包括但不限于:口服给药途径、肠胃外给药途径(例如,静脉内给药、皮下给药、肌肉内给药)、鼻内给药途径、颊部给药途径、局部给药途径或透皮给药途径。本文公开的药物剂型包括但不限于:水性液体分散体、自乳化分散体、固体溶液、脂质体分散体、气溶胶、固体剂型、粉末、立即释放剂型、控制释放剂型、快速融化剂型、片剂、胶囊、药丸、延迟释放剂型、持续释放剂型、脉冲释放剂型、多颗粒剂型和立即释放和控制释放的混合剂型。
又一方面,本发明提供抑制人类受治者体内的LPA的生理学活性的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐给药于有此需要的人类受治者。
又一方面,本发明提供用于治疗人类受治者体内的LPA依赖性或LPA介导的疾病或病症的药物,其中,所述药物包括治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。
又一方面,本发明提供制备本发明的化合物或其盐或衍生物的方法。
本发明的化合物主要可通过下列实施例中描述的合成方法中的一种来制备。在反应中,保护最终产物中所需的一些反应性官能团,这样,它们不参与不必要的反应,其中,所述反应性官能团可为羟基、氨基、亚氨基、硫或羧基。对于该目的而言,可根据标准实际操作使用保护基团。这些标准实际操作可在T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts的“ProtectiveGroupsinOrganicChemistry”,JohnWileyandSons,1991中找到。此外,可在合成方法中使用合适的离去基团,所述离去基团例如,卤素离去基团和其他本领域已知的常规离去基团。优选地,所述离去基团为氯或溴。
本发明的化合物或其盐还可制备成水合物或晶体的形式,其中,所述晶体可包括用于结晶的溶剂。本领域熟知的是,化合物的盐可通过合适的试剂处理转化为游离形式的化合物。这些合适的试剂可为碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属碳酸氢盐或碱金属氢氧化物。优选地为碳酸钾或氢氧化钠。在特定的实施方式中,碱加成盐形式的化合物可通过合适的酸(例如盐酸)处理被转化为相应的游离酸。本领域技术人员可熟知游离化合物及其盐之间的关系并且如果需要的话,可将一种转化为另一种。优选地,本领域熟知如何在化合物的纯化或分离中获得作为中间体的盐。
具有成盐基团的本发明的化合物的盐可通过本领域已知的方式制备。因此,通式(I)或(II)的化合物的酸加成盐可通过用酸或合适的阴离子交换试剂处理而获得。本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的盐可由带有碱性氮原子的通式(I)或(II)的化合物通过有机或无机酸形成为酸加成盐。
优选地,合适的无机酸包括但不限于:氢卤酸(例如,盐酸)、硫酸或磷酸。
优选地,合适的有机酸包括但不限于:羧酸、磷酸、磺酸或氨基磺酸,例如,乙酸、丙酸、辛酸、癸酸、十二烷酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、氨基酸(例如谷氨酸或天冬氨酸)、马来酸、羟基马来酸、甲基马来酸、环己烷羧酸、金刚烷羧酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、4-氨基水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯基乙酸、扁桃酸、肉桂酸、甲磺酸或乙磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、1,5-萘-二磺酸、2-甲基苯磺酸、3-甲基苯磺酸或4-甲基苯磺酸、甲基硫酸、乙基硫酸、十二烷基硫酸、N-环己基氨基磺酸、N-甲基氨基磺酸、N-乙基氨基磺酸、N-丙基氨基磺酸或其他有机质子酸(例如,抗坏血酸)。
可选地,也可将药学上不可接受的盐(例如,苦味酸盐或过氯酸盐)用于分离或纯化。但是,对于治疗应用而言,只使用药学上可接受的盐或游离化合物,这适用于药物制剂形式。
在又一实施方式中,非氧化形式的本发明的化合物可通过在合适的惰性有机溶剂中,在0℃至80℃的条件下用还原剂进行处理由本发明的化合物的N-氧化物来制备。优选地,所述还原剂为硫、二氧化硫、三苯基膦、硼氢化锂、硼氢化钠、三氯化磷、三溴化磷,等等。优选地,所述惰性有机溶剂为乙腈、乙醇、水性二氧六环,等等。
在另一实施方式中,本发明的化合物的前药衍生物可通过本领域已知的方法制备(具体细节请参见,Saulnier等人,(1994),BioorganicandMedicinalChemistryLetters,Vol.4,p.1985)。在优选的实施方式中,合适的前药可通过本发明的非衍生的化合物与合适的氨甲酰化试剂(例如1,1-酰氧基烷基羰基氯,对硝基苯基碳酸酯,等等)反应来制备。
在又一实施方式中,本发明的化合物的保护性衍生物可通过本领域已知的方法制备。可用于产生保护基团和除去保护基团的技术的详细描述可在T.W.Greene,“ProtectingGroupsinOrganicChemistry”,第3版,JohnWileyandSons,Inc.,1999中找到。
在又一实施方式中,本发明还提供化合物的单个立体异构体。制备单个立体异构体的方法包括使化合物的外消旋混合物与光学活性拆分试剂反应以形成一对非对映异构体,分离该非对映异构体并回收光学纯的对映异构体。对映异构体可通过使用本发明的化合物的共价非对映异构衍生物分离或者通过使用诸如结晶非对映异构盐之类的可分离的复合物来分离。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质(例如熔点、沸点、溶解度和反应性),这样,它们可容易地通过利用这些不同来分离。优选地,非对映异构体可通过分步结晶、
色谱法分离或者可通过基于不同的溶解度的分离/拆分技术来分离。随后,本领域技术人员可通过使用任何不会导致外消旋的实用方法并通过使用拆分试剂容易地得到光学纯的对映异构体。用于从外消旋异构体混合物中分离本发明的化合物的立体异构体的技术的更加详细的描述在JeanJacques,AndreCollet,SamuelH.Wilen,“Enantiomers,RacematesandResolutions”,JohnWileyandSons,Inc.,1981中。
总而言之,本发明的化合物可通过实施例中描述的方法来制备;任选地,可将本发明的化合物转化为药学上可接受的盐;任选地,可将本发明的化合物的非氧化形式转化为药学上可接受的N-氧化物;任选地,从异构体混合物中拆分出本发明的化合物的单个异构体;以及任选地,可将本发明的非衍生的化合物转化为药学上可接受的前药衍生物。
上述方法和转化仅仅是示例性的。本领域技术人员可容易地知晓本领域中的制备方法。所有方法均可用于本文。
实施例
通过下列举例说明本发明的化合物的制备的实施例来进一步举例说明本发明,但本发明不限于此。
实施例1:
化合物1的合成过程:
1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯
步骤1:
将乙酰乙酸甲酯(11.6g,100mmol)溶于20mLMeOH中。在室温下将甲胺(无水乙醇中33wt%,18.7mL,150mmol)缓慢加至溶液中并搅拌反应2小时。在真空下除去溶剂,得到最终产物白色固体(E)-甲基3-(甲基氨基)丁-2-烯酸酯(12.9g),无需进一步纯化。
步骤2:
将(E)-甲基3-(甲基氨基)丁-2-烯酸酯(12.9g,100mmol)溶于300mL无水THF中并向溶液中滴加12mL吡啶。将反应在冰浴中冷却并向溶液中缓慢加入4-硝基苯甲酰氯(18.7mL溶于50mL无水THF中)。将反应升温至室温并搅拌过夜。在向反应中加入300mL水之后,用乙酸乙酯萃取溶液3次。合并的有机层进一步用水和盐水洗涤,通过Na2SO4干燥,并在真空下除去溶剂,得到固体2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-3-氧丁酸甲酯(25.2g,产率95%),无需进一步纯化。
步骤3:
将2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)-3-氧丁酸甲酯(20.0g,75.47mmol)溶于乙酸(70mL)中,随后加入盐酸羟胺(5.10g,73.27mmol)。在115℃下搅拌反应2小时。使反应冷却至室温之后,将400mL饱和的NaHCO3加至溶液中并用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤并通过Na2SO4干燥,在真空下除去溶剂。粗产物进一步通过快速层析(使用EA/己烷=1:9)纯化,得到3-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)异恶唑-4-羧酸甲酯(16.4g,产率83%)。MSm/z263.1(M+1)。
步骤4:
将3-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)异恶唑-4-羧酸甲酯(13.1g,50mmol)溶于150mL二氧六环中,随后加入125mL氢氧化锂(2N)。室温下搅拌反应过夜并用6NHCl中和反应至pH<6。在真空下除去二氧六环之后,用DCM萃取水溶液三次。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤并通过Na2SO4干燥。在真空下除去溶剂之后,将产物3-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)异恶唑-4-羧酸(10.66g,产率86%,MSm/z249.1(M+1))用于下一步反应,无需进一步纯化。
步骤5:
在密封管中,将3-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)异恶唑-4-羧酸(2.5g,10mmol)溶于30mL甲苯中,随后加入1-(2-氯代苯基)乙醇(1.88g,12mmol)、三乙胺(2.02g,20mmol)和叠氮磷酸二苯酯(4.13g,15mmol)。在125℃下搅拌反应2小时。在反应冷却至室温之后,在真空中除去溶剂。粗产物通过快速层析(使用EA/己烷(1:1))纯化,得到1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯(2.60g,产率65%)。MSm/z402.1(M+1)。
步骤6:
将1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-硝基苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯(2.60g,6.48mmol)溶于100mL乙醇中,随后加入260mgPd/C(10%w/w)。在氢气条件下,室温下搅拌反应4小时。在通过硅藻土垫过滤之后,在真空下除去溶剂,得到产物1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-氨基苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯,无需进一步纯化。MSm/z372.1(M+1)。
步骤7:
将1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(5-(4-氨基苯基)-3-甲基异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯(50mg,0.13mmol)溶于5mL无水DCM中,随后加入DIEA(47μL,0.26mmol)。将甲磺酰氯(16.8mg,0.15mmol)加至溶液中并在室温下搅拌反应2小时。在真空下除去溶剂之后,粗产物进一步通过预制TLC板(使用5%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,得到最终产物1-(2-氯代苯基)乙基(3-甲基-5-(4-(甲基亚磺酰氨基)苯基)异恶唑-4-基)氨基甲酸酯(49mg,产率82%)。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.28(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),2.23(s,3H),3.00(s,3H),4.14(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.32(s,1H),7.13(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.34-7.48(m,5H),7.57(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),9.02(s,1H),9.61(s,1H)MSm/z404.2(M+1)。MSm/z450.2(M+1)。
实施例2:分子克隆:
通过PCR从获自商业来源的cDNA克隆中克隆编码人LPAl受体的cDNA。通过测序确定核苷酸序列并确认核苷酸序列与公开的人LPAl序列(An,1997)相同。将编码人LPAl的全长编码区的1.1kbcDNA亚克隆至pRK5人受治者表达载体中。通过使用LipofectAmine2000(Invitrogen,USA)将cDNA转染至HEK293或CHO细胞中。人LPA2和LPA3的全长cDNA片段以类似方式通过PCR获得并被亚克隆至pCDNA3.1表达载体中。
实施例3:LPA受体实验
使用通常描述的方法(An,1997)培养转染的细胞并进行LPA诱导的SRE-荧光素酶报告基因检测实验。表达重组人LPAl受体的完整的HEK293或CHO细胞如所描述的(An,1998)进行[3H]-LPA配体结合实验。
在钙流检测实验中,本发明的所有化合物的IC50<20μM。选择的实例列于下表中。
化合物编号 | IC50(μM) |
1 | 0.09 |
3 | 0.55 |
7 | 1.15 |
12 | 0.07 |
16 | 2.20 |
19 | 0.055 |
28 | 0.11 |
32 | 0.07 |
42 | 0.06 |
50 | 0.07 |
实施例4:小鼠中博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化模型
将雌性昆明小鼠(重量为20g至30g)随机分为如下四组:(i)盐水组(n=8);(ii)单独博来霉素组(n=8),其中,小鼠气管内灌注5mg/kg博来霉素硫酸盐溶液(NipponKayaku,东京,日本)(2.5mg/ml的0.9%盐水溶液);(iii)博来霉素+化合物组(n=12),其中,在灌注博来霉素之前2天,向小鼠腹腔内(i.p.)给予给定的化合物并且在灌注博来霉素之后每天向小鼠腹腔内(i.p.)给予给定的化合物,直至治疗结束;以及(iv)单独化合物组(n=12),其中,小鼠通过i.p.方式给予化合物。在给药后17天,使动物安乐死并基于肺羟脯氨酸含量和组织学变化评估肺纤维化。用缓冲的15%福尔马林溶液固定肺组织1周,用石蜡包埋,随后切成3mm的切片。用苏木精和曙红(H&E)对所述切片进行染色并且通过免疫组化实验检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达。
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Claims (30)
1.一种具有通式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,所述化合物选自下列化合物:
2.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及至少一种药学上可接受的非活性成分。
3.如权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物为片剂、药丸、胶囊、液体、吸入剂、栓剂、凝胶、胶体、分散体、软膏。
4.如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述液体是悬浮液、溶液、乳剂、洗剂、眼用滴剂或耳用滴剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的药物组合物,其中,所述溶液是鼻部喷雾溶液。
6.如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物为片剂或明胶胶囊,所述片剂或所述明胶胶囊包含本发明的化合物以及如下成分:a)稀释剂,其选自:乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纤维素和甘氨酸,b)润滑剂,其选自:二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸的镁盐或钙盐和聚乙二醇,c)粘合剂,其选自:硅酸镁铝、淀粉糊剂、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,d)崩解剂,其选自:淀粉、琼脂、海藻酸或海藻酸的钠盐,和起泡性混合物,和/或e)吸收剂、着色剂、调味剂。
7.如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物为水性等渗溶液或悬浮液。
8.如权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药物组合物为栓剂并且由脂肪乳剂或悬浮液制备。
9.权利要求1所述的化合物或权利要求2所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗LPA依赖性或LPA介导的疾病或病症的药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1所述的化合物或权利要求2所述的药物组合物在制备抑制人类受治者体内的LPA生理活性的药物中的应用。
11.如权利要求9所述的应用,其中,所述LPA依赖性或LPA介导的疾病或病症选自:
纤维化、癌症、炎症疾病、肾疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、血管新生紊乱、神经系统疾病、辐射诱导的组织损伤和药物诱导的组织损伤。
12.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述神经系统疾病包括神经痛。
13.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述纤维化选自:心脏纤维化、关节纤维化、眼睛纤维化、肌肉纤维化、肺纤维化、肾纤维化、肝纤维化、胃肠道纤维化、头颈纤维化、角膜瘢痕、皮肤纤维化、硬皮病、脊髓损伤诱导的纤维化、骨髓纤维化、动脉硬化、血管再狭窄、结节病或结缔组织疾病。
14.如权利要求13所述的应用,其中,所述肺纤维化选自:先天性肺纤维化、由辐射或药物引起的肺纤维化、由细菌性肺炎、病毒性肺炎、外伤、呼吸机、非肺源性败血症引起的急性或慢性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫导致的肺纤维化。
15.如权利要求13所述的应用,所述肾纤维化选自:由全身性炎症疾病、糖尿病、肾小球肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、IgA肾病、高血压或异体移植导致的肾小球肾炎之后的纤维化。
16.如权利要求13所述的应用,其中,所述肝纤维化选自:由肝硬化引起的肝纤维化、酒精诱导的肝纤维化、由非酒精性脂肪性肝炎引起的肝纤维化、由胆道损伤引起的肝纤维化、由原发性胆汁性肝硬化引起的肝纤维化、由慢性HBV或HCV感染以及自体免疫性肝炎引起的肝纤维化。
17.如权利要求13所述的应用,其中,所述胃肠道纤维化选自:辐射诱导的胃肠道纤维化。
18.如权利要求13所述的应用,其中,所述头颈纤维化选自:辐射诱导的头颈纤维化。
19.如权利要求13所述的应用,其中,所述角膜瘢痕选自:由激光原位角膜磨镶术、角膜移植和小梁切除术引起的角膜瘢痕。
20.如权利要求13所述的应用,其中,所述皮肤纤维化选自:由大疱性疾病、银屑病皮损、皮炎、湿疹、酒糟鼻、异常伤口愈合以及过多瘢痕引起的皮肤纤维化。
21.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述癌症选自:处于任何阶段的脑癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、肺癌、淋巴组织癌症、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌、皮肤癌或血液肿瘤,以及肿瘤侵袭或转移。
22.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述炎症疾病选自:银屑病和肺炎。
23.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述肾疾病选自:肾炎。
24.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述泌尿生殖系统疾病选自:良性前列腺增生。
25.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述血管新生紊乱选自:黄斑变性和血管阻塞。
26.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述神经系统疾病选自:脑梗塞和出血。
27.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述辐射诱导的组织损伤选自:辐射诱导的肺炎或纤维化。
28.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述药物诱导的组织损伤,选自:药物诱导的肺纤维化、药物诱导的肺炎、药物诱导的肝纤维化和药物诱导的急性间质性肾炎。
29.如权利要求20所述的应用,其中,所述皮炎是过敏性皮炎和接触性皮炎。
30.如权利要求15所述的应用,其中,所述全身性炎症疾病选自:狼疮和硬皮病。
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KR102090231B1 (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-03-17 | 에피젠 바이오싸이언시즈, 아이엔씨. | 질환의 치료에 유용한 헤테로환식 화합물 |
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SG11201906041QA (en) * | 2017-01-27 | 2019-08-27 | Genfit | Pharmaceutical compositions for combination therapy |
WO2019126085A1 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Pyrazole n-linked carbamoyl cyclohexyl acids as lpa antagonists |
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