CN103437765A - Coal mine rock stratum mobile control mining-filling-preserving coupled coordination mining method - Google Patents
Coal mine rock stratum mobile control mining-filling-preserving coupled coordination mining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal mine rock stratum mobile control mining-filling-preserving coupled coordination mining method. Coal pillar preserving-partial filling-partial mining coordination filling mining is implemented, preserved coal pillars are treated as a core, and the preserved coal pillars, a filler and a caving body coordinatively support upside rock to control the mobile deformation value of the rock stratum and the ground surface. A one-side filling mode is characterized in that filling work surfaces and non-filling work surfaces are sequentially arranged at one side of the preserved coal pillars; and a two-side filling mode is characterized in that the filling work surfaces and the non-filling work surfaces are sequentially arranged at two sides of the preserved coal pillars. The filling work surfaces are first mined and then the non-filling work surfaces are recovered, or the filling mining and recovery are simultaneously carried out. The widths of the preserved coal pillars satisfy basic stable requirements; and the widths of the filling work surfaces and the non-filling work surfaces are determined according to extremely-incomplete mining requirements. Compared with strip mining, the method has the advantages of improved coal pillar stress state and increased mining rate because of the coal pillar side filling. Compared with complete mining-complete filling, the method has the advantages of reduced filling amount, enhanced support strengths of the filling body and the coal pillars, improved rock stratum control effect and cost saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seam mining method, " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that particularly a kind of colliery strata movement is controlled.
Technical background
Exploitation certainly will cause ground settlement and distortion.In the higher area of phreatic table, mining type back production coal resources, understand a large amount of ponding in the subsidence basin formed on earth's surface, if building or structure are positioned at subsidence basin routinely, can cause the long-term ponding of building or structure or excessive moisture, impact is normally used; Also can cause the damage of building or structure when the earth's surface distortion is larger.Therefore, when earth's surface, building are more, while pressing the coal amount large, generally take at present the resettlement of building strange land, earth's surface, or take underground filling exploitation and band exploitation measure, with the mining damage influence degree of Avoids or reduces earth's surface building.Different measure has following features:
1, strange land resettlement
Building, from the mining effect district, the not place of affected by exploitation is arrived in resettlement.The method can fundamentally solve the impact that building are exploited, and is the most effectively approach of avoiding adopting infringement.But the method exists, expropriation of land difficulty, fund input are large, the resettlement cycle is long, relationship between industry and agriculture is difficult to the problems such as coordination.
2, conventional exploitation
Refer to comprehensive mechanical coal mining, all the coal-mining method of caving method management top board.This method resource recovery is the highest, high-yield and high-efficiency, and system layout is simple, and the tunnelling amount is little, but the most serious to the infringement of surface buildings, structure.
3, band exploitation
Working seam is divided into to the bar belt shape, by necessarily adopting, stays ratio, adopt one, stay one, the intervening sequences exploitation, make the strip coal pillar stayed support overlying rock, thereby reach the method that reduces surface movement and deformation.The method can be controlled the movement and distortion on earth's surface preferably, and it is less that building are subject to mining influence, but lose, coal is serious, resource recovery is low, and the rate of extraction is only 40% left and right, adopts when deeply larger the rate of extraction lower.If it is serious to lose coal when the Coal Pillar Design width is larger, when too small, can cause the coal column unstability, do not have the effect that control overlying mining rock moves.
4, filling mining (entirely adopt entirely and fill)
After filling mining refers to the mining face under mine exploitation, adopt spoil, discarded object or lotion, high-water material etc. to be filled to goaf, crush with inhibition, thereby play the exploitation method of controlling rock stratum and surface movement and deformation.The method can effectively be controlled surface subsidence and distortion, and resource recovery is high; Exploit with the filling alternately operating, influence each other, make and yield poorly.Fund is disposable to have high input, and cost of ton coal increases, and the unwarranted mining area of filler is difficult to carry out the method.
Actual measurement and experimental study show, earth's surface and strata movement mainly are controlled by key stratum, and when main key stratum is complete, move with the movement of key stratum its rock stratum, top, the sinking on earth's surface and be out of shape all less; The disrumpent feelings meeting of main key stratum causes sinking fast under earth's surface, surface subsidence speed changes with the periodically disrumpent feelings cycle jumping characteristic that presents of main key stratum, when the movement and deformation of key stratum reaches the earth's surface unconsolidated formation, unconsolidated formation can be adjusted the non-homogeneous sinking that absorbs key stratum, if when unconsolidated formation is thinner, is not enough to all absorb heterogeneous deformation, moderate finite deformation can occur in earth's surface, and unconsolidated formation is when enough thick, the Discontinuous Deformation that key stratum is disrumpent feelings to be caused will all be absorbed, and earth's surface shows as continuous modification.Mineral Engineering research has in recent decades obtained outstanding achievement, and especially crucial sheaf theoretic proposition has solved on-the-spot many technical problems, and provides theoretical foundation for design of its support, gas drainage technique.In overlying strata, key stratum can be controlled the movement of its top overlying strata, in main key stratum situation disrumpent feelings and not steady in a long-term, the movement and deformation that earth's surface occurs is less, and this is the basic principle of design exploitation " three times (under build/structure, under railway and under water body) " coal resources.
Above various exploitation method, from essence, is to lay particular emphasis on the high efficiente callback of resource or effective protection on earth's surface, can not the two take into account.China's " three times " presses coal problem ubiquity at present, and some mining areas press the coal amount even to reach 100%, and removal charge enterprise is difficult to bear, and the rate of recovery of band production of resources is too low, and the whole fill cost of winning is too high.Therefore, in " three times " exploitation in the urgent need to a kind of safety, high-recovery, production technique cheaply.
In sum, for Migration, be difficult to carry out, after subsidence easily ponding, press under large, the widely distributed building of coal amount and exploit; Will seek a kind ofly can reduce to sink and the earth's surface distortion, with safe handling, the requirement of assurance resource recovery that reaches protection earth's surface building, exploitation measure that again can be cost-saving.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of movement and distortion that can effectively control rock stratum and earth's surface, can reduces to adopt infringement, reduces the area pack completeness, and improves " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the colliery strata movement of coal recovery rate is controlled.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the colliery strata movement is controlled, mine district is divided into to m production unit, and m is positive integer; The exploitation of production unit is divided into one-sided filling and two kinds of patterns of bilateral filling, each production unit is carried out the cooperative type filling mining of reserved coal pillar, part filling and partial mining, take that to stay the coal column of establishing be core, make coal column, obturation and be caving body to coordinate to support upper overlying strata body, control the movement and deformation value on rock stratum and earth's surface.
" adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that above-mentioned colliery strata movement is controlled, according to one-sided filling model, each production unit all adopts one-sided fill pattern to be exploited: one-sided filling model is in reserved coal pillar one side, arranges successively a filling operation face and a not filling operation face; At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit; Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit, form goaf, n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n; Coal column and the goaf of adjacent two production unit are adjacent.
" adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that above-mentioned colliery strata movement is controlled, according to the bilateral filling model, each production unit adopts the bilateral fill pattern to be exploited, the bilateral filling model is to lay successively a filling operation face and a not filling operation face in a side of reserved coal pillar, and lays another not filling operation face at the opposite side that stays the coal column of establishing; At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit; Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit, form goaf, n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n; Adjacent two production unit adopt obturator adjacent with goaf.
" adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that above-mentioned colliery strata movement is controlled, in whole mine district, the coal column of a part of production unit only has obturation in a side, and all there is obturation the both sides of the coal column of another part production unit; Adjacent two production unit adopt obturator and goaf is adjacent or adopt coal column adjacent with goaf.
" adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that above-mentioned colliery strata movement is controlled, filling operation face and not filling operation face merge, back production simultaneously.
It needs to be noted: the width of reserved coal pillar can be determined by basicly stable requirement, and filling operation face, not filling operation face width degree can be determined by sub-extraction or extremely insufficient requirement according to concrete geological mining condition; This is common practise for a person skilled in the art, at this, needn't elaborate any further.
The beneficial effect of this invention is: colliery of the present invention strata movement is controlled " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method and is specially adapted under building and water body, gentle dip or nearly level and immediate roof is more complete, the seam mining of overlying strata lithology hard or competent bed in being.Seam mining is taked " fender+two (list) side filling face+insufficient production face of two (list) side pole ".Control overlying mining rock is caving scope, thereby reduces the movement and deformation of overburden strata degree, reaches and both controllably shows movement and deformation, can improve again the purpose of resource recovery.
" adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that colliery of the present invention strata movement is controlled, improve resource recovery by reducing the reserved coal pillar width, utilize the obturation filling to reduce to adopt space, the space of key stratum displacement and development of deformation in overlying rock is reduced, support with fender is common the pressure that covers key stratum, play the supplemental support effect, and provide certain resistance to coal (rock) body and roof and floor country rock, slow down the stress concentration phenomenon (it is cause overburden deformation and destroy the basic reason that causes the ground infringement that stress is concentrated) in coal column and key stratum, thereby the obturation of making and Pillar load support the support system of key stratum jointly, play the effect that reduces surface movement and deformation, obturation produces lateral pressure to fender on the other hand, makes fender in two-way or three-dimensional stress state, has improved the country rock situation of fender, has improved the ability of its resistance to deformation, makes it have integrality and stability preferably.
Usually the band exploitation adopted, the coal column both sides are goaf, and coal column is in pure stress or two-dimensional state of stress, and place, goaf top board is subject to the movement and deformation that scope is larger.Applying " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that colliery of the present invention strata movement controls can reduce strip coal pillar and stay and establish width, and the effective deformation range of controlroof, guarantee that in overlying strata, main key stratum is not disrumpent feelings and steady in a long-term, can reach and reduce the expansion from the bottom to top of top board movement and deformation, earth's surface is not subject to or is subject to less mining effect.
The present invention compares with the band exploitation, and the coal column side is filled the stress state of having improved coal column, has improved recovery ratio.With entirely adopt entirely and fill and compare, reduced charging quantity, but strengthened the support strength of obturation and coal column, improved the CONTROL OF STRATA MOVEMENT effect, provide cost savings.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The sectional drawing that Fig. 1 a is bank;
Coal column one-sided " adopt-fill-Liu " the exploitation plan view that Fig. 1 a ' mines in bank shown in Fig. 1 a for " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that adopts colliery of the present invention strata movement control;
The sectional drawing that Fig. 1 b is another bank;
Fig. 1 b ' " adopts-fills-Liu " the exploitation plan view for the coal column both sides that " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that adopts colliery of the present invention strata movement control is mined in bank shown in Fig. 1 b ';
D adopts-adopts the routine exploitation work plane of whole caving method exploitations;
D fills-adopts the work plane of whole fill method exploitation;
The fender of the support overlying rock that D Liu-Liu establishes;
Fig. 1 c exploits and " adopts-fill-Liu " at another part coal column bilateral the plan view of exploitation for " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method of controlling for colliery of the present invention strata movement at a part of coal column one-sided " adopt-fill-Liu ".
Fig. 2 a-2d for certain ore deposit adopts, entirely adopt, whole fill method exploitation surface movement and deformation curve comparison diagram by " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction and whole caving methods, wherein: Fig. 2 a is the surface subsidence comparison diagram, Fig. 2 b is earth's surface inclination comparison diagram, Fig. 2 c is that earth's surface moves horizontally comparison diagram, and Fig. 2 d is the horizontal deformation contrast figure in earth's surface.
Fig. 3 a-3e is first exploiting field, certain ore deposit subregion exploitation destruction of surface grade cloud atlas, and wherein: Fig. 3 a coordinates one-sided placement method exploitation destruction of surface grade cloud atlas for " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling, and Fig. 3 a-1 is the artwork master of Fig. 3 a after WORD picture instrument is processed; Fig. 3 b coordinates bilateral placement method exploitation destruction of surface grade cloud atlas for " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling, and Fig. 3 b-1 is the artwork master of Fig. 3 b after WORD picture instrument is processed; Fig. 3 c is the conventional exploitation of whole caving method management top board destruction of surface grade cloud atlas, and Fig. 3 c-1 is the artwork master of Fig. 3 c after WORD picture instrument is processed; Fig. 3 d is that the whole fill method is adopted rear destruction of surface grade cloud atlas entirely, and Fig. 3 d-1 is the artwork master of Fig. 3 d after WORD picture instrument is processed; Fig. 3 e is destruction of surface grade cloud atlas after the band exploitation, and Fig. 3 e-1 is the artwork master of Fig. 3 e after WORD picture instrument is processed.
In figure: 1-mine district, N production unit of n-, N+1 production unit of n+1-; N+2 production unit of n+2-; N+3 production unit of n+3-; The MZ-coal column; The CTT-obturation; The CKQ-goaf.In Fig. 3 a-3e: " white space " represents full mining face, " blank space is filled with the stain zone " represents filling operation face, " black region " represents reserved coal pillar, " blue region " represents I level destruction (extremely slight), " yellow area " represents I level destruction (slightly), and " green area " represents II level destruction.
The specific embodiment
Below by example, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 a ', " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the present embodiment colliery strata movement is controlled, be divided into m production unit by mine district 1, and m is positive integer; Each production unit all adopts one-sided fill pattern to be exploited: one-sided filling model is in reserved coal pillar MZ mono-side, arranges successively a filling operation face and a not filling operation face; At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation CTT in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit n; Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit n, form goaf CKQ, n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n; The coal column MZ of adjacent two production unit is adjacent with goaf CKQ.Take that to stay the coal column MZ established be core, make coal column MZ, obturation CTT and be caving body to coordinate to support upper overlying strata body, carry out the movement and deformation value control on rock stratum and earth's surface.
As shown in Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 b ', " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the present embodiment colliery strata movement is controlled, be divided into m production unit by mine district 1, and m is positive integer; Each production unit adopts the bilateral fill pattern to be exploited, and the bilateral filling model is to lay successively a filling operation face and a not filling operation face in the side of reserved coal pillar MZ, and lays another not filling operation face at the opposite side that stays the coal column MZ established; At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation CTT in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit n; Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit n, form goaf CKQ, n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n; Adjacent two production unit adopt obturator CTT adjacent with goaf CKQ.
As shown in Fig. 1 c, " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the present embodiment colliery strata movement is controlled, be divided into m production unit by mine district 1, and m is positive integer; In whole mine district 1, the coal column MZ of a part of production unit only has obturation CTT in a side, and all there is obturation CTT the both sides of the coal column MZ of another part production unit; Adjacent two production unit employing obturator CTT is adjacent with goaf CKQ or adopt coal column MZ adjacent with goaf CKQ.At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation CTT in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit n; Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit n, form goaf CKQ, n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n.
Embodiment 4
Certain one exploiting field, ore deposit is positioned at the northeast, field with "nine squares", coal measure strata is Zu He Taiyuan, Shanxi group, seam inclination is 10 °, ground, the average thick 2.7m ，Gai district of coal is smooth, absolute altitude+46m left and right, down-hole coal bed absolute altitude-550～-850m, overlying strata integral body is middle hard rock, and the packsand rock stratum of a thick about 50m is arranged in overlying rock, is main key stratum in overlying strata.
Fig. 2 a-2d adopts the surface movement and deformation curve comparison diagram after " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction and full extraction, whole fill (solid filling) method are exploited for certain ore deposit.
By utilizing the present patent application inventor to wear " inclined seam subsidence prediction analytical system " analog computation that Huayang was developed and published before the applying date of present patent application before the applying date of present patent application, by Fig. 2 a, can be found out, band exploitation earth's surface maximum sinking value minimum, entirely adopt method surface subsidence value maximum, earth's surface maximum sinking value and the filling mining of " adopting-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method differ less, and effectiveness of reducing subsidence is basic identical.
By Fig. 2 b, can be found out, each exploitation method is compared, the earth's surface inclination and distortion maximum value minimum of band exploitation, entirely adopt the method maximum, but the influence basin of inclination and distortion higher value of " adopting-filling-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method is than filling and entirely to adopt the influence basin of method little, and the inclination and distortion value and the filling method difference less.
By Fig. 2 c, can be found out, the maximum value minimum moved horizontally of band exploitation, adopt the method maximum entirely, and " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction and the filling mining value of moving horizontally differ less.
By Fig. 2 d, can be found out, the maximum value minimum of the earth's surface horizontal distortion of band exploitation, adopt the method maximum entirely, and horizontal distortion maximum value and the whole fill method of " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction are basic identical, and the influence basin of higher value is more concentrated.
From accompanying drawing 3a～3e, entirely to adopt method earth's surface building damaged condition and can reach the II level, band is exploited in the I level, and " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction is identical with filling mining, and the damaged condition major part is the I level, and indivedual zones reach the II level and damage.
In a word, compare and entirely adopt method, the extent of damage on " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction earth's surface alleviates greatly, and the surface subsidence amount obviously reduces; With the band exploitation, compare, resource recovery improves greatly, and in sample calculation, the rate of extraction of band is less than 40%, and " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction rate of recovery is greater than 70%; With entirely adopt the filling mining entirely filled and compare, " adopt-fill-Liu " sinking and the movement and deformation and basically identical to the damaged condition of surface buildings on coupling harmonic extraction earth's surface, but the filler demand of " adopting-filling-Liu " the coupling harmonic extraction greatly reduces, filling cost reduces greatly, and working face extraction efficiency improves greatly.As can be seen here, on earth's surface, higher, the enterprise of phreatic table is difficult to bear than high investment cost, the resource recovery requirement is high, the destruction of surface class requirement is higher mining area, adopt " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the colliery strata movement is controlled both can meet the underground mining requirement, can reduce again the damage of adopting of earth's surface building.
The present invention is according to the principle of " production face is extremely insufficient+obturation combine with coal column roof supporting+top board master key stratum is not disrumpent feelings ", take the unconsolidated formation adjustment into account and absorb under the disrumpent feelings condition that causes the Discontinuous Deformation ability of key stratum, the size of design fender, filling operation face and exploitation work plane.
Be applicable under building and water body gentle dip or nearly level and immediate roof is more complete, the seam mining of overlying strata lithology hard or competent bed in being.Seam mining takes two (list) sides of reserved coal pillar to carry out filling mining, adopts the mode of conventional exploitation at the opposite side of filling face, carries out successively reserved coal pillar, filling and conventional exploitation; Obturation has reduced the space that overlying strata move down, and with the common support top Bottom Pressure of reserved coal pillar, thereby slows down the stress concentration phenomenon in key stratum and coal column; In addition, obturation is positioned at coal column one side or bilateral, coal column is produced to lateral pressure, make coal column in two to or three-dimensional stress state, changed the country rock situation of coal column, improved the coal column bearing capacity, make coal column have integrality, globality and stability preferably, thereby effectively slowed down the stress concentration phenomenon in the key stratum, that has controlled overlying strata moves and is caving scope, greatly reduce the mining damage degree on earth's surface, improved resource recovery.Because key stratum is effectively supported, not disrumpent feelings and can maintaining a long-term stability property, make key stratum overlying rock and unconsolidated formation with the crooked moving and synchronizing moving of key stratum, thereby play the effect that slows down surface subsidence and distortion.
In addition, in embodiment 1 to embodiment 3, also can take filling operation face and not filling operation face to merge, back production simultaneously.
Claims (5)
1. " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that the colliery strata movement is controlled is characterized in that mine district (1) is divided into to m production unit, and m is positive integer; The exploitation of production unit is divided into one-sided filling and two kinds of patterns of bilateral filling, each production unit is carried out the cooperative type filling mining of reserved coal pillar, part filling and partial mining, take that to stay the coal column of establishing be core, make coal column, obturation and be caving body to coordinate to support upper overlying strata body, control the movement and deformation value on rock stratum and earth's surface.
2. " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that colliery according to claim 1 strata movement is controlled, it is characterized in that, according to one-sided filling model, each production unit all adopts one-sided fill pattern to be exploited: in reserved coal pillar (MZ) side, arrange successively a filling operation face and a not filling operation face; At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation (CTT) in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit (n); Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit (n), form goaf (CKQ), n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n; The coal column of adjacent two production unit (MZ) is adjacent with goaf (CKQ).
3. " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that colliery according to claim 1 strata movement is controlled, it is characterized in that, according to the bilateral filling model, each production unit adopts the bilateral fill pattern to be exploited: lay successively a filling operation face and a not filling operation face in a side of staying the coal column (MZ) of establishing, and lay another not filling operation face at the opposite side of reserved coal pillar (MZ); At first carry out the back production of filling operation face filling and form obturation (CTT) in the cut and fill cellular zone of N production unit (n); Then carry out the back production of not filling operation face in whole caving method production unit district of N production unit (n), form goaf (CKQ), n is positive integer and m is less than or equal to n; Adjacent two production unit adopt obturator (CTT) adjacent with goaf (CKQ).
4. " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that colliery according to claim 1 strata movement is controlled, it is characterized in that, in whole mine district (1), the coal column (MZ) of part production unit only has obturation (CTT) in a side, and all there is obturation (CTT) both sides of the coal column of another part production unit (MZ); Adjacent two production unit employing obturators (CTT) are adjacent with goaf (CKQ) or adopt coal column (MZ) adjacent with goaf (CKQ).
5. " adopt-fill-Liu " coupling harmonic extraction method that colliery according to claim 1 strata movement is controlled is characterized in that filling operation face and not filling operation face merge, back production simultaneously.
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