CN112282757B - Multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method - Google Patents
Multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
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- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-coal-bed space-time coordination mining layout method, which is characterized in that according to the field investigation condition, the average coal seam thickness of m coal seams to be mined and the coal seam spacing between the coal seams are determined, wherein m is a positive integer more than or equal to 2; n mining units are arranged in each coal seam, wherein n is a positive integer; determining a spatial layout method of mining units of a 1 st coal seam, mining units … … of a 2 nd coal seam and mining units of an m & ltth & gt coal seam; the location, mining size and mining sequence of the pillars, pack faces and caving faces within the n mining units are determined. According to the invention, through reasonably designing the spatial relationship and the mining sequence of the coal pillar, the filling working face and the caving working face between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, the overall supporting strength of the coal pillar is improved, the settlement of rock strata and earth surface is slowed down, the area filling rate is improved, the filling cost is reduced, the overall resource extraction rate is improved, and a technical choice with economy, reliability and small resource loss rate is provided for mining the coal resources with stagnation pressure in a multi-coal seam mining area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-coal-seam mining. In particular to a multi-coal-seam space-time coordination mining layout method.
Background
Coal resource mining tends to cause surface subsidence and deformation. Damage to overlying buildings or structures can also occur when the ground surface is deformed significantly. Most coal mines in east China have the problems of large and wide coal pressing quantity under three, high coal pressing proportion and difficult production continuation. The method for mining the pressed coal of the dense buildings (structures) is unrealistic, and the mining of 'three lower' is a necessary choice. In the past, when the coal pressed down from the building (structure) is mined, underground filling mining and strip mining measures are adopted to avoid or reduce the mining damage influence of the surface building (structure).
The strip mining refers to a coal mining method that strips are divided along a certain direction in a mining block section, and the mining strips and the reserved strips are arranged alternately. The underground filling mining refers to a mining method for gradually filling a goaf with filling materials along with the advancing of a stope face. The two methods can slow down the surface subsidence to a great extent, but the strip mining has the problems of low recovery rate, high tunneling rate, low single-yield of working face, frequent moving and face reversing, and the like, and the filling mining has large initial cost investment, high coal per ton cost, low production efficiency and single-yield.
On the premise of comprehensively considering the recovery rate and economic benefits, some researchers provide a mining-filling-reserving coupling coordination mining method, wherein narrow coal pillars are partially mined, partially filled and reserved in a mining area, and rock stratum settlement is slowed down by the coal pillars and a filling body.
In recent years, certain field tests are carried out on the 'mining-filling-remaining' coupled coordination mining technology, some success cases are found in partial mining areas in China, and certain experience is accumulated. However, the mining-filling-remaining mining technology only researches a mining design method for slowing down surface subsidence under the condition of single-layer coal, and does not point out the mining layout and design idea of 'three-down' under the complex condition of multiple coal seams. For example, the technical idea of innovatively proposing 'mining-filling-remaining' coupled coordinated mining in Daihuayang is that when single-layer coal is mined, adjacent caving mining faces, filling mining faces and coal pillars are distributed in a mining area, and the method forms a pillar filling combination body through the coal pillars and the filling bodies to form effective support for overlying strata, thereby reducing the ground surface movement deformation. The method has the essential of settlement reduction that a plurality of mining and filling units form independent extremely-insufficient mining units, and the total mining is extremely-insufficient mining. The mining-filling-leaving coupled coordinated mining extraction rate is improved relative to strip mining, and the area filling rate and the filling cost are improved relative to full mining and full filling. However, the mining-filling-remaining coupled coordinated mining only considers the mining condition of single-layer coal and does not consider the condition of multi-layer coal repeated mining, and is not suitable for the actual situation of multi-coal-layer in the east mining area of China.
Most production mines in the east of China have multi-layer coal seam characteristics, for example, 6 layers of mineable coal seams exist in a peak mining area. How to coordinate the layout of coal pillars and working faces among multiple coal seams and how to mine in which order can enable the coal pillars and the filling bodies on the upper layer and the lower layer to effectively support overlying strata and better slow down the settlement and deformation of the earth surface, and no specific method is proposed.
Meanwhile, in the prior art, the strip filling is sequentially provided with a filling working face and coal pillars which are adjacent to each other in a mining area, and a filling mining face is arranged between the two coal pillars. Although the strip filling mining technology has a good sinking reduction effect, the area filling rate is high, the initial investment of a mine is high, the cost per ton of coal is also high, and the yield is small.
Therefore, at the present stage, the explanation of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordination mining layout method is lacked at home and abroad, and the method is not suitable for the actual production needs of the east mining area of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a multi-coal-bed space-time coordinated mining layout method, which is designed for the problem of repeated mining of multiple coal beds under a building (structure) by reasonably designing the spatial relationship and the mining sequence of a coal pillar, a filling working face and a caving working face between an upper coal bed and a lower coal bed, so as to achieve the purposes of improving the overall support strength of the coal pillar, slowing down the settlement of rock strata and the ground surface, protecting the building (structure) on the ground surface and improving the overall resource extraction rate.
The main technical problems existing at present are as follows:
A. the working face layout mode is multiple, after the upper coal is laid out with a plurality of groups of adjacent caving working faces, filling working faces and coal pillars, the working face of the lower coal can translate left and right relative to the working face of the upper coal, and the coal pillars, the caving faces or the filling faces are laid out below the upper coal pillars, so that the ground surface subsidence can be greatly reduced, and the coal pillars need to be researched and determined.
B. The repeated mining overburden rock is seriously damaged, namely, multilayer coal in one area is mined successively, the total thickness of the mined multilayer coal is large, the overburden rock and the earth surface are repeatedly disturbed, the overburden rock can be seriously broken and collapsed after being disturbed for many times, the subsidence value of the earth surface is increased, and great difficulty is brought to the protection of earth surface buildings (structures).
C. The invention has large size determination difficulty, needs to provide specific working surface and width of the coal pillar, needs to meet the requirements of no instability of the coal pillar, as small as possible ground surface subsidence rate, as large as possible mining rate and the like in design size, has a plurality of restriction factors and has large determination difficulty.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the average coal seam thickness of m coal seams to be mined and the coal seam spacing among the coal seams according to the field investigation condition, wherein m is a positive integer more than or equal to 2;
(2) each coal seam is provided with n mining units, wherein n is a positive integer, each mining unit comprises a caving face, a filling face and a coal pillar, and the filling face is positioned between the caving face and the coal pillar; meanwhile, the coal pillar of the (n-1) th mining unit is connected with the caving face of the nth mining unit;
(3) determining a spatial layout method of mining units of a 1 st coal seam, mining units … … of a 2 nd coal seam and mining units of an m & ltth & gt coal seam;
(4) the locations, mining sizes and mining sequences of the pillars, pack faces and caving faces within the mining units of the 1 st coal seam, the mining units … … of the 2 nd coal seam to the n mining units of the m th coal seam are determined.
In the spatial layout method of the mining units of the 1 st coal seam, the mining units … … of the 2 nd coal seam to the mining units of the m th coal seam in the step (3), the coal pillars of the mining units of the upper and lower coal seams are used as reference, and the mining units are divided into the following steps according to the different normal staggered distances of the coal pillars of the upper and lower coal seams: coal pillar normal alignment, coal pillar incomplete alignment, coal pillar complete misalignment.
According to the multi-coal-bed space-time coordinated mining layout method, in the coal pillar normal alignment layout, the coal pillars, the filling working faces and the caving working faces of the multi-layer coal are aligned along the normal direction of the coal beds.
According to the multi-coal-bed space-time coordinated mining layout method, in the incomplete alignment layout of the coal pillars, the filling working faces and the caving working faces of the multi-layer coal are deviated from the upper coal layer in the transverse direction by a distance less than 1 coal pillar width, and a part of the coal pillars and a part of the caving working faces are arranged in the lower coal layer right below the caving working faces.
According to the multi-coal-bed space-time coordinated mining layout method, in the complete non-aligned layout of the coal pillars, the caving face and the filling face of the multi-layer coal are deviated from the upper coal layer by 1 coal pillar in the transverse direction, and the coal pillars are correspondingly reserved below the caving face.
On the basis of the normal alignment layout of the coal pillars, the multi-coal-seam space-time coordination mining layout method is divided into a regular trapezoid coal pillar layout and an inverted trapezoid coal pillar layout according to the difference of the widths of the coal pillars of mining units of an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam;
in the arrangement of the regular trapezoid coal pillars, the width of each layer of coal pillars is increased from the upper layer of coal to the lower layer of coal in a certain angle; in the arrangement of the inverted trapezoid coal pillars, the width of each coal pillar is reduced from the upper coal layer to the lower coal layer in sequence at a certain angle, and the angle is determined by the moving angle of the mining area.
The layout method for the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining comprises the following steps of (1) arranging a regular trapezoid coal pillar, and calculating the sizes of a caving working face, a filling working face and the coal pillar of the ith layer of coal according to the following formula:
ai＝ai-1+2Δhi-1tanθ；
bi＝bi-1-Δhi-1tanθ；
ci＝ci-1-Δhi-1tanθ(i＝2,3…n)；
the sizes of the caving working face, the filling working face and the coal pillar of the ith layer of coal are calculated according to the following formula:
ai＝ai-1-2Δhi-1tanθ(ai＞0)；
bi＝bi-1+Δhi-1tanθ；
ci＝ci-1+Δhi-1tanθ(i＝2,3…n)；
where δ is the angle of travel, aiIs the width of coal pillar of the ith coal layer, ai-1The width of coal pillar of the i-1 st coal layer, biWidth of the caving face, bi-1The width of the coal caving face of the i-1 st coal layer, ciTo fill the width of the surface, ci-1The width of the filling face of the i-1 st coal layer,. DELTA.hi-1The ith coal and the (i-1) th layerHeight difference of coal.
The multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method comprises the following steps:
from seam 1 to seam m: the overall principle is that the upper coal layer is firstly carried out and then the lower coal layer is carried out from shallow to deep;
in a certain coal mining: according to the characteristics of surface buildings, the sequence of jumping mining firstly and then full mining is adopted by utilizing the principle of incomplete mining; firstly, mining 1, 3, 5 … … n-1 odd mining units, and then mining 2, 4, 6 … … n even mining units;
in a certain coal mining: and filling and mining the filling working face of the mining unit, and then mining the caving working face.
According to the multi-coal-bed space-time coordination mining layout method, the mining sizes of all coal beds in the layout with the coal pillars aligned in the normal direction, the coal pillars not aligned completely and the coal pillars not aligned completely are the same as those of the first-layer coal, and the mining positions correspondingly move along the coal bed surface according to the layout.
The multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method comprises the following relevant parameter calculation formulas:
the total area filling rate is:
the total coal pillar rate is:
the total extraction rate is:
the technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a multi-coal-bed coordinated mining layout method, compares the effect of controlling surface deformation by each method, and designs the sizes of a coal pillar, a filling working face and a mining working face according to a strip mining theory, an extremely-insufficient mining principle and geological mining conditions. The method is suitable for mining the coal bed under the building and the water body under the condition of slow inclination or near level. The technical key points are that under the condition of multiple coal beds, a time-space coordination mining layout method with normal alignment, incomplete normal alignment with staggered upper and lower parts and complete misalignment of completely staggered normal directions is provided according to a coal pillar normal direction dislocation, a time-space coordination mining layout method of a 'regular trapezoid coal pillar' and an 'inverted trapezoid coal pillar' is provided based on the space form of the coal pillars, and calculation formulas of the sizes of a caving working face, a filling working face and the coal pillars of each coal bed with normal alignment are defined.
The invention discloses a time-space coordinated mining layout method which is based on stripe mining and filling mining technologies and reasonably arranges coal pillars and working faces of different coal seams when multiple coal seams are repeatedly mined, so that rock stratum movement is coordinated and controlled, ground surface movement deformation is slowed down, and building (structure) damage is reduced.
According to the invention, through reasonably designing the spatial relationship and the mining sequence of the coal pillar, the filling working face and the caving working face between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, the overall supporting strength of the coal pillar is improved, the settlement of rock strata and earth surface is slowed down, the area filling rate is improved, the filling cost is reduced, a higher recovery rate is obtained, and the overall resource extraction rate is further improved.
The method has good surface deformation control effect, improves the recovery rate and reduces the filling cost compared with the traditional 'three-down' mining technology, and provides a technical choice with economy, reliability and small resource loss rate for mining the coal resources in the stagnation pressure of the multi-coal-bed mining area.
Based on the normal offset of the coal pillars and the spatial form of the coal pillars, the layout mode of 'mining-filling-remaining' of multiple coal seams enables the width of a filling mining working face and the size of the coal pillars to be large, and is beneficial to reducing filling cost and improving mining efficiency and long-term stability of a pillar filling combination body. The extraction rate is about 75%, the maximum subsidence value of the earth surface is effectively controlled, the subsidence rate is 0.21-0.33, the damage degree of the earth surface is mostly I grade, and the individual area reaches II grade damage. Compared with a full mining method, the damage degree of the time-space coordinated mining of the earth surface is greatly reduced, and the subsidence of the earth surface is obviously reduced. The adoption of the coal mine multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining method can not only improve the resource mining rate of 'three-down' mining, but also reduce the mining damage of surface buildings (structures).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of coal pillar normal alignment layout of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method based on coal pillar normal stagger according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal pillar incomplete alignment layout of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method based on coal pillar normal offset according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal pillar completely-misaligned layout of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method based on normal offset of the coal pillars;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the movement principles of rock strata in two layouts for multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining: arranging coal pillars in a normal alignment manner;
FIG. 5 illustrates two layout rock stratum movement principles of multi-coal-seam space-time coordination mining: completely non-aligned arrangement of coal pillars;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a regular trapezoid coal pillar layout of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method based on the coal pillar space morphology according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an inverted trapezoid coal pillar layout of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method based on the coal pillar space morphology according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the layout dimensions of a "regular trapezoid coal pillar" of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method based on the spatial morphology of the coal pillar;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the sequence of mining within the same section of the same coal seam (mining 1 → 3 → 2 → 4);
FIG. 10 is a coal face layout of a multi-seam space-time coordinated mining scenario 7 for a mine;
FIG. 11(a) a plot of surface subsidence for mining in a normal alignment arrangement of multiple coal beds in a mine;
FIG. 11(b) mining the surface subsidence curve diagram by staggering 1/2 the coal pillars of a plurality of coal seams of a certain mine up and down;
FIG. 11(c) a diagram of the mining of the surface subsidence curve with a completely staggered arrangement of coal pillars of multiple coal seams of a certain mine;
FIG. 11(d) a normal trapezoidal alignment layout of coal pillars of multiple coal seams of a certain mine for mining a ground subsidence curve chart;
FIG. 11(e) a plot of surface subsidence of a mine with multiple coal seams in an inverted trapezoidal normal alignment arrangement;
FIG. 11(f) a graph of the subsidence of the earth's surface from a plurality of coal seams of a certain mine by a total caving method;
FIG. 11(g) plot of the total filling mining of multiple coal seams of a mine;
FIG. 11(h) plot of surface subsidence for mining of multiple seam zones in a mine.
Detailed Description
The multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method specifically comprises the following 4 steps:
(1) determining the average coal seam thickness of m coal seams to be mined and the coal seam spacing among the coal seams according to the field investigation condition, wherein m is a positive integer more than or equal to 2;
(2) each coal seam is provided with n mining units, wherein n is a positive integer, each mining unit comprises a caving face, a filling face and a coal pillar, and the filling face is positioned between the caving face and the coal pillar; meanwhile, the coal pillar of the (n-1) th mining unit is connected with the caving face of the nth mining unit;
(3) determining a spatial layout method of mining units of a 1 st coal seam, mining units … … of a 2 nd coal seam and mining units of an m & ltth & gt coal seam;
the layout method for multi-coal-bed space-time coordination mining by taking the coal pillars of the mining units of the upper and lower coal beds as reference and according to the difference of the normal stagger distances of the coal pillars of the upper and lower coal beds comprises the following steps: coal pillars are aligned normally (as in fig. 1), coal pillars are not perfectly aligned (as in fig. 2), and coal pillars are not perfectly aligned (as in fig. 3).
As shown in fig. 1, in the coal pillar normal alignment layout, the coal pillars, the filling working faces and the caving working faces of the multi-layer coal are all aligned along the normal direction of the coal seam.
As shown in fig. 2, in the coal pillar incomplete alignment layout, the coal pillars, the filling working faces and the caving working faces of the multiple layers of coal are deviated from the upper coal layer by a distance less than 1 coal pillar width, and a part of the coal pillars and a part of the caving working faces are arranged in the lower coal layer right below the caving working faces.
As shown in fig. 3, in the completely non-aligned coal pillar arrangement, the coal pillars, the caving surfaces and the filling surfaces of the multiple coal layers are deviated from the upper coal layer by 1 coal pillar width, and the coal pillars are correspondingly reserved below the caving surfaces.
The principle of subsidence of the ground surface in the arrangement of normal alignment and complete misalignment of the coal pillars is shown in fig. 4. In the coal pillar normal alignment layout, because the positions of multi-layer coal mining are basically overlapped on the plane projection, the whole caving face is narrow, the incomplete mining is formed, the ground surface subsidence is slight, but the coal pillar stress is concentrated, the secondary subsidence caused by breakage is possible, and the hidden danger exists in the long-term stability.
The principle of completely-misaligned-coal-pillar-layout-based surface subsidence is shown in fig. 5, and coal caving faces of all layers are not in a plane position, which is equivalent to the fact that the caving faces are connected to form a wider caving face, so that the mining sufficiency is higher, the surface subsidence is greater than that of the normal alignment layout, but the coal pillar stress is lower, and the long-term stability of the goaf is superior to that of the normal alignment layout.
Meanwhile, according to the different space forms of coal pillars among coal seams, the layout method for multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining comprises the following steps: a "regular trapezoidal coal pillar" layout (as shown in fig. 6) and an "inverted trapezoidal coal pillar" layout (as shown in fig. 7).
As shown in fig. 6, the width of each coal pillar in the arrangement of the "regular trapezoid coal pillar" increases from the upper coal to the lower coal in sequence at a certain angle; as shown in fig. 7, the width of each coal pillar in the arrangement of the inverted trapezoid coal pillars is reduced from the upper coal to the lower coal at a certain angle, and the angle is determined by the moving angle of the mining area.
(4) The locations, mining sizes and mining sequences of the pillars, pack faces and caving faces within the mining units of the 1 st coal seam, the mining units … … of the 2 nd coal seam to the n mining units of the m th coal seam are determined.
And determining the width of a caving face of the first layer of coal, the width of a filling face and the reserved width of a coal pillar according to a strip mining theory, an extremely insufficient mining principle and geological mining conditions.
The mining sizes of all coal beds which are arranged in a coal pillar normal alignment mode, a coal pillar incomplete alignment mode and a coal pillar complete non-alignment mode are the same as those of the first layer of coal, and the mining positions correspondingly move along the coal bed face according to the arrangement mode.
As shown in the schematic diagram of the layout dimension and position of the "regular trapezoid coal pillar" in fig. 8, the dimensions of the caving face, the filling face and the coal pillar of the i-th coal layer are calculated by the following formula:
ai＝ai-1+2Δhi-1tanθ；
bi＝bi-1-Δhi-1tanθ；
ci＝ci-1-Δhi-1tanθ(i＝2,3…n)；
where δ is the angle of travel, aiIs the width of coal pillar of the ith coal layer, ai-1The width of coal pillar of the i-1 st coal layer, biWidth of the caving face, bi-1The width of the coal caving face of the i-1 st coal layer, ciTo fill the width of the surface, ci-1The width of the filling face of the i-1 st coal layer,. DELTA.hi-1The height difference between the ith coal and the ith-1 coal;
the sizes of the caving working face, the filling working face and the coal pillar of the ith layer of coal are calculated according to the following formula:
ai＝ai-1-2Δhi-1tanθ(ai＞0)；
bi＝bi-1+Δhi-1tanθ；
ci＝ci-1+Δhi-1tanθ(i＝2,3…n)；
where δ is the angle of travel, aiIs the width of coal pillar of the ith coal layer, ai-1The width of coal pillar of the i-1 st coal layer, biWidth of the caving face, bi-1The width of the coal caving face of the i-1 st coal layer, ciIs a filling faceWidth, ci-1The width of the filling face of the i-1 st coal layer,. DELTA.hi-1The height difference between the ith coal and the ith-1 coal.
The mining sequence of each face is determined.
The general principle of the mining sequence is that the upper coal layer is first carried out and then the lower coal layer is carried out from shallow to deep; in a section of a layer of coal, according to the characteristics of surface buildings, the sequence of firstly jumping mining and then fully mining can be adopted by utilizing the principle of insufficient mining; and in a group of working faces, filling the caving working faces after the working faces. For example, 1, 2, 3, 4 groups of working faces (as shown in fig. 9) can be mined in the sequence of 1 → 3 → 2 → 4 to form a gently sinking basin.
Filling mining is firstly carried out on the filling working faces of the mining units in a group of working faces, and then mining is carried out on the caving working faces, so that the design aims to ensure the filling effect, a combined support body is formed by a filling body and a coal pillar, and potential safety hazards are eliminated. As shown in fig. 9.
The related parameter calculation formula of the multi-coal-seam coordinated mining layout method is as follows:
the total area filling rate is:
the total coal pillar rate is:
the total extraction rate is:
the description is given by taking an example that a mining area of a certain mine is positioned in the middle of a well field: the mineral coal system stratum is a Shanxi group and a Taiyuan group, the dip angle of the coal bed is 2 degrees, and the overlying strata are integrally medium-hard strata. Through detailed investigation, three layers of coal, namely 7 coal, 9 coal and 12 coal, are determined to be mined, the average coal thickness of each layer is 2.5m, 2.8m and 1.6m, wherein the coal distance between the 7 coal and the 9 coal is 32m, the coal distance between the 9 coal and the 12 coal is 18m, the ground of the area is flat, the elevation is about +17m, and the elevation of the underground coal layer is-550 to-650 m. The design goal of the mining scheme is to achieve high extraction rate and reduce filling cost on the premise that the deformation of the earth surface does not exceed II-grade damage.
And (3) combining the actual situation of the mining area, providing a mining scheme: the coal pillars of the multi-coal seam space-time coordination are arranged in a normal alignment mode, the mining face width is 80m, the filling face width is 90m, and the coal pillar width is 60 m. 6 working faces are arranged on 7 coal seams, wherein 3 filling working faces are arranged, and 3 caving working faces are arranged; the 9-coal seam and the 12-coal seam likewise have 3 filling faces and 3 caving faces arranged below 7 coals in a manner that the coal pillars are aligned in the normal direction. With 7 coals arranged as shown in figure 10. The others, with reference to the coal pillar, can be classified into 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and complete staggers.
The widths of a coal mining face, a filling face and a remaining face of the coal are aligned with the normal direction of the coal pillar and are respectively 80m, 90m and 60m, taking a mining area moving angle delta of 70 degrees as an example, the width theta of 10 degrees, 9 degrees of coal is increased by 12m relative to the 7 coal pillar, the widths of the filling face and the caving face adjacent to the coal pillar are respectively reduced by 6m (the mining face 74m, the filling face 84m and the coal pillar 72m), the width of 12 degrees of coal is increased by 8m relative to the 9 coal pillar, and the filling face and the caving face adjacent to the coal pillar are correspondingly adjusted (the mining face 70m, the filling face 80m and the coal pillar 80 m).
According to the scheme, the widths of a coal mining face, a filling face and a remaining face of coal of 7 are still 80m, 90m and 60m and can be obtained by a coal pillar size calculation formula, 9 coal is reduced by 12m relative to the coal pillar of 7 coal, the filling face and a caving face adjacent to the coal pillar are respectively widened by 6m (the mining face is 86m, the filling face is 96m and the coal pillar is 48m), 12 coal is reduced by 8m relative to the coal pillar of 9 coal, and the filling face and the caving face adjacent to the coal pillar are correspondingly adjusted (the mining face is 90m, the filling face is 100m and the coal pillar is 40 m).
11(a) -11 (h) respectively list the predicted surface subsidence contour maps of multi-seam space-time coordinated mining with each layout mode. Table 1 lists the corresponding filling rate, coal pillar rate, recovery rate and maximum surface subsidence value for each scheme.
TABLE 1
In the example, the total thickness of the mined coal is 6.9m, and the resource mining rate and the maximum ground surface subsidence value of each mining scheme are different. The highest extraction rate reaches 100% when all the mining is carried out, but the surface subsidence is the largest, the subsidence value is 4445mm, and the subsidence rate is 0.64; and the extraction rate is low when the strip is mined, and is only 30%, but the maximum sinking value to the earth surface is small, and is 1098mm, and the sinking rate is 0.16. And based on the arrangement modes of mining, filling and reserving of 5 kinds of multi-coal-bed coal beds of the size of the normal offset of the coal pillars and the spatial form of the coal pillars, the mining rate is about 75%, the maximum subsidence value of the earth surface is effectively controlled, the subsidence rate is 0.21-0.33, most of the damage degree of the earth surface is I level, and the individual area reaches II level damage. Therefore, compared with a full mining method, the damage degree of the space-time coordinated mining of the earth surface is greatly reduced, and the subsidence of the earth surface is obviously reduced. The adoption of the coal mine multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining method can not only improve the resource mining rate of 'three-down' mining, but also reduce the mining damage of surface buildings (structures).
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the average coal seam thickness of m coal seams to be mined and the coal seam spacing among the coal seams according to the field investigation condition, wherein m is a positive integer more than or equal to 2;
(2) each coal seam is provided with n mining units, wherein n is a positive integer, each mining unit comprises a caving face, a filling face and a coal pillar, and the filling face is positioned between the caving face and the coal pillar; meanwhile, the coal pillar of the (n-1) th mining unit is connected with the caving face of the nth mining unit;
(3) determining a spatial layout method of mining units of a 1 st coal seam, mining units … … of a 2 nd coal seam and mining units of an m & ltth & gt coal seam;
(4) determining the positions, mining sizes and mining sequences of the coal pillars, the filling working faces and the caving working faces in the mining units of the 1 st coal seam, the mining units … … of the 2 nd coal seam and the n mining units of the m th coal seam;
in step (3), in the spatial layout method of the mining units of the 1 st coal seam, the mining units … … of the 2 nd coal seam to the mining units of the m th coal seam, the coal pillars of the mining units of the upper and lower coal seams are used as reference, and the mining units are divided into the following steps according to the different normal staggered distances of the coal pillars of the upper and lower coal seams: the coal pillars are aligned in the normal direction, incompletely aligned and completely misaligned;
in the coal pillar normal alignment layout, coal pillars, filling working faces and caving working faces of multiple layers of coal are aligned along the normal direction of the coal bed;
in the incomplete alignment layout of the coal pillars, filling working faces and caving working faces of multiple layers of coal are deviated from upper coal layers transversely by a distance less than 1 coal pillar width, and a part of coal pillars and a part of caving working faces are arranged in lower coal layers right below the caving working faces;
in the completely-misaligned arrangement of the coal pillars, the caving working faces and the filling working faces of the multi-layer coal are deviated by 1 coal pillar width transversely compared with the upper coal layer, and the coal pillars are correspondingly reserved below the caving working faces;
on the basis of the normal alignment layout of the coal pillars, the coal pillars of the mining units of the upper and lower coal beds are divided into a regular trapezoid coal pillar layout and an inverted trapezoid coal pillar layout according to different widths of the coal pillars;
in the arrangement of the regular trapezoid coal pillars, the width of each layer of coal pillars is increased from the upper layer of coal to the lower layer of coal in a certain angle; in the arrangement of the inverted trapezoid coal pillars, the width of each layer of coal pillars is reduced from the upper coal layer to the lower coal layer in sequence at a certain angle, and the angle is determined by the moving angle of a mining area;
the sizes of the caving working face, the filling working face and the coal pillar of the ith layer of coal are calculated according to the following formula:
ai＝ai-1+2Δhi-1tanθ；
bi＝bi-1-Δhi-1tanθ；
ci＝ci-1-Δhi-1tanθ(i＝2,3…n)；
the sizes of the caving working face, the filling working face and the coal pillar of the ith layer of coal are calculated according to the following formula:
ai＝ai-1-2Δhi-1tanθ(ai>0)；
bi＝bi-1+Δhi-1tanθ；
ci＝ci-1+Δhi-1tanθ(i＝2,3…n)；
in the formula, theta is the critical deformation propagation angle of the coal seam floor rock stratum, delta is the movement angle of the mining area, and aiIs the width of coal pillar of the ith coal layer, ai-1The width of coal pillar of the i-1 st coal layer, biTo collapse the working face width, bi-1The width of the caving face of the i-1 st coal layer, ciTo fill the width of the working face, ci-1The width of the filling face of the i-1 st coal layer, Δ hi-1The height difference between the ith coal and the ith-1 coal;
the mining sequence in step (4):
from seam 1 to seam m: the overall principle is that the upper coal layer is firstly carried out and then the lower coal layer is carried out from shallow to deep;
in a certain coal mining: according to the characteristics of surface buildings, the method utilizes the principle of incomplete mining and adopts the sequence of firstly jumping mining and then fully mining; firstly, mining 1, 3, 5 … … n-1 odd mining units, and then mining 2, 4, 6 … … n even mining units;
in a certain coal mining: and filling and mining the filling working face of the mining unit, and then mining the caving working face.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mining dimensions of each coal seam in the arrangement of the coal pillars aligned in the normal direction, the coal pillars not aligned completely and the coal pillars not aligned completely are the same as the first coal seam, and the mining position moves along the coal seam surface according to the arrangement.
3. The multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation formula of the related parameters of the multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method is as follows:
the total area filling rate is:
the total coal pillar rate is:
the total extraction rate is:
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