CN105787185A - Design method of optimal coal pillar alternate distance of shallow buried multi-seam working face - Google Patents
Design method of optimal coal pillar alternate distance of shallow buried multi-seam working face Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of the optimal coal pillar alternate distance of a shallow buried multi-seam working face. The reasonable coal pillar alternate distance of an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam is determined through a terrestrial surface displacement law and a coal pillar concentrated stress propagation law, the stress concentration area of the upper coal seam is avoided, the disturbance of ground depression happening after shallow buried multi-seam mining is reduced, terrestrial surface concentration cracks are avoided, terrestrial surface uniformly sediments, and an environment-friendly development method integrating safe mining and terrestrial surface damage reduction is provided for shallow buried multi-seam mining.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Coal Mining Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column wrong from method for designing.
Background technology
Shallow buried coal seam group exploitation relates generally to the two interactional technical barriers of aspect: one is the work surface coal column formation concentrated stress in upper coal seam, causes lower coal mining roadway deformation failure serious, roadway support difficulty；Two is that shallow buried coal seam group exploits owing to burying shallow in coal seam, and the mining induced fissure caused after upper Seam Mining and surface subsidence constantly aggravate in the process of lower coal seam repeated mining, and earth's surface is done great damage.
For a long time, the research of the exploitation of deep fractures group has been primarily upon the impact of coal column concentrated stress, the less research taken into account earth's surface environmental conservation.Under the background of Coal Green exploitation and sustainable development, research takes into account coal column concentrated stress and the eco-friendly production technique of destruction of surface impact, and shallow buried coal seam group exploitation is had important theory significance and more practical value.
Coal column concentrated stress transfer law and the roadway layout of mining of closed distance coal seam group have been carried out some researchs by prior art, but do not take into account the control to ground crack Evolution and law of subsidence of the coal seam group mining repeated mining, particularly shallow buried coal seam group exploitation is even more serious to earth's surface environmental effect, lacks research.Therefore, it does not have a kind of take into account eco-friendly shallow buried coal seam group's Working surface layout method and the production technique avoiding coal column concentrated stress He slow down surface subsidence.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to can not take into account safety in production and the problem of ground surface environment protection for existing shallow buried coal seam group's production technique, from the wrong distance of upper and lower working face of coal seam difference coal column, tested by physical simulation, the sinking rule on coal seam coal column concentrated stress propagation law and earth's surface in announcement, determine and can realize reducing the upper of lower heading supporting difficulty and earth's surface uniform settlement, lower coal seam coal-face the best coal column is wrong from scope, propose the best coal column of a kind of eco-friendly shallow buried coal seam group exploitation taking into account safety in production and ground surface environment protection wrong from method for designing.
For this, the invention provides a kind of eco-friendly shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column wrong from method for designing, comprise the steps:
S1: arrange for the upper and lower working face of coal seam of shallow buried coal seam group, adopt UDEC numerical computations and the experiment of physical similarity material simulation, simulate upper and lower working face of coal seam difference coal column wrong from the impact arranged lower working face of coal seam stress of coal pillar, after determining upper seam mining, the Stress Transfer in lower coal seam is affected angle, obtain making lower working face of coal seam coal column be positioned at outside the coal column zone of influence of working face of coal seam wrong with the coal column avoiding completely densified district, coal seam goaf from scope；
S2: test according to the physical similarity material simulation in S1, simulate the different coal columns of upper and lower working face of coal seam wrong from time surface subsidence amount, measure roof angle of revolution, it is determined that the coal column that surface subsidence degree of disturbing minimizes is wrong from scope；
S3: take obtained for S1 coal column wrong from the wrong common factor from scope of the determined coal column of scope and S2, draw realize earth's surface uniform settlement and the best coal column of concentrated stress can be avoided wrong from scope.
Preferably, in S1, under the making obtained, the coal column of working face of coal seam is positioned at outside the coal column zone of influence of working face of coal seam with the coal column mistake avoiding completely densified district, coal seam goaf from range L1Meet formula (I):
In formula (I), h-upper and lower coal seam spacing, m；
a1-upper coal seam coal pillar width, m；
a2-lower coal seam coal pillar width, m；
B-span length, m；
-be stress of coal seam transmission affect angle, °.
Preferably, the coal column being capable of earth's surface uniform settlement obtained in S2 is wrong from range L2Meet formula (II):
In formula (II), M1-upper mining thickness, m
M2-lower mining thickness, m；
a1-upper coal seam coal pillar width, m；
a2-lower coal seam coal pillar width, m；
α1、α2-upper and lower roof angle of revolution, °.
The present invention finds through the research of a large amount of physical simulation experiments, the main cause that coal seam group mining overlying strata and ground crack are grown is the impact that overlapping is destroyed, upper and lower working face of coal seam adopt certain coal column wrong from, the Non-uniform Settlement impact that the coal column superposition of upper and lower coal seam causes can be alleviated, reduce the growth of ground fissure.Additionally, upper and lower coal seam coal column keep certain mistake from, be possible not only to avoid lower coal seam to be affected by upper coal seam coal column concentrated stress, lower coal seam coal column also can be made to be in depressor area, the stability of raising tunnel and coal column.
Shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column provided by the invention wrong from method for designing, by Surface movement rule and coal column concentrated stress propagation law, determine the upper and lower coal seam coal column of the best wrong from, on avoiding while stress of coal seam concentration zones, surface subsidence degree of disturbing after reducing shallow buried coal seam group exploitation, avoid the generation in concentration crack, earth's surface, make earth's surface uniform settlement.Best upper and lower working face of coal seam coal column is wrong from determining, exploits for shallow buried coal seam group and provides a kind of eco-friendly recovery method taken into account safe working and slow down earth's surface infringement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
When Fig. 1 is that in shallow buried coal seam group, upper and lower coal seam coal column is arranged vertically, ground settlement is notable and fracture development schematic diagram；
Ground settlement when Fig. 2 is that in shallow buried coal seam group, coal column mistake in upper and lower coal seam is from 60m slows down and closing of fracture feature schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that in shallow buried coal seam group, upper and lower coal seam difference coal column is wrong from lower coal seam coal column vertical stress peak change schematic diagram when arranging；
Fig. 4 is that in shallow buried coal seam group, upper and lower coal seam difference coal column is wrong from surface subsidence amount change schematic diagram when arranging；
Fig. 5 is concentrated stress transfer law model schematic after upper seam mining in shallow buried coal seam group；
Fig. 6 is that shallow buried coal seam group exploits earth's surface uniform settlement rule schematic diagram；
Fig. 7-1 is that in shallow buried coal seam group, upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from uniform settlement model schematic in earth's surface time minimum；
Fig. 7-2 is that in shallow buried coal seam group, upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from uniform settlement model schematic in earth's surface time maximum；
The upper coal seam 1-2 that Fig. 8-1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and lower coal seam 2-2 face structure schematic diagram；
The upper coal seam 1-2 that Fig. 8-2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and lower coal seam 2-2 work surface A-A profile；
The upper coal seam 1-2 that Fig. 8-3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and lower coal seam 2-2 work surface B-B profile.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those skilled in the art be more fully understood that technical scheme and can be practiced, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
The invention provides best coal column in a kind of shallow buried coal seam group exploitation wrong from method for designing, the subject matter existed in exploiting according to shallow buried coal seam group, by physical similarity material simulation, in announcement, lower coal seam difference coal column is wrong from lower working face of coal seam coal column is (a gang of for tunnel, its stability directly affects roadway maintenance and safety) affecting laws of stress and surface subsidence, on determining, the reasonable malposition of lower working face of coal seam coal column, avoid the impact that lower heading is safeguarded by coal seam coal column concentrated stress, take into account simultaneously, the earth's surface drawing zone not superposition that lower seam mining causes, surface subsidence degree of disturbing is made to minimize, earth's surface uniform settlement, slow down the destruction to earth's surface.
Concrete, shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column provided by the invention wrong from method for designing, comprise the steps:
1) avoid the reasonable coal column of coal seam coal column concentrated stress wrong from determination
For the bank of shallow buried coal seam group, adopt the experiment of physical similarity material simulation and/or UDEC numerical computations, draw upper and lower coal seam, bank difference coal column wrong from time, roof is disrumpent feelings and is caving feature, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2；And the vertical stress regularity of distribution of the coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam, as shown in Figure 3；Determine that the upper stress of coal seam transmission of upper seam mining affects angleWithAs shown in Figure 5.
Upper and lower coal seam, bank difference coal column wrong from time, roof is disrumpent feelings and is caving feature, and the vertical stress regularity of distribution of the coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam can also be passed through independent physical similarity material simulation experiment and obtain.
Concrete, exploit for certain ore deposit shallow buried coal seam group, drawn by the experiment of physical similarity material simulation and UDEC numerical computations, along with upper and lower working face of coal seam coal column wrong from difference, the distribution trend of the coal column vertical stress peak change curve on lower working face of coal seam presents the feature first reducing, raising afterwards, lower seam mining has avoids the best interval of coal seam pressure, specifically as shown in Figure 2.When upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from during for 0m, lower stress of coal seam peak value is maximum；Along with the increase of coal column horizontal separation, the concentrated stress zone of influence of the coal column 1-2-1 that the coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam is gradually distance from working face of coal seam, peak stress constantly reduces；When upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from during for 60m (2 times of coal seam spacing), the coal column 2-2-1 peak stress on lower working face of coal seam is minimum；Upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong, and from during for 70m, the coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam is in the compacting zone of coal seam goaf 101, and peak stress starts again to raise.Therefore, from the viewpoint of the coal column 2-2-1 stress on lower working face of coal seam and safe working, the coal column on upper and lower working face of coal seam is wrong appropriate from being maintained at 50m～60m.Testing according to physical similarity material simulation, when coal column is wrong from when reaching 60m, overlying rock roof completely failing, lower coal seam overlying strata are caving disrumpent feelings situation specifically as it is shown on figure 3, upper stress of coal seam transmission accordingly affects angle respectively
Concrete, when above-mentioned upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from during for different numerical value, overlying strata and coal column destroy and have the following characteristics that
When upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from during less than 40m, coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam is in the coal column 1-2-1 anallobar on working face of coal seam, coal column coal seam floor failure district on upper working face of coal seam superposes with the coal pile plate destruction region on lower working face of coal seam, coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam being destroyed serious, roadway workface supporting is very difficult；
When upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong, from during more than 70m, the coal column 2-2-1 on lower working face of coal seam is in the compacting zone of coal seam goaf, and the coal pile plate destruction region scope on lower working face of coal seam expands again, and stability of coal pillar is deteriorated.
When upper and lower coal seam coal column is wrong from time within the scope of for 50m～60m, along with upper and lower coal seam coal column wrong from increase, coal column coal seam floor failure district on upper working face of coal seam is gradually disengaged with the coal pile plate destruction region on lower working face of coal seam, Stress superposition region is gradually reduced, and the coal column 2-2-1 stability on lower working face of coal seam improves.When reaching a certain optimum, lower roof is caving, and forms articulated structure, this at present heading be in the position that stress is relatively low, be conducive to construction and the supporting in tunnel.
By above-mentioned experimental analysis, concentrated stress transfer law after upper seam mining, concrete as it is shown in figure 5, S1For anallobar, S2For depressor area, S3For voltage stabilizing district.By Fig. 5 and Fig. 3 it can be seen that the coal column in rational upper and lower coal seam is wrong from, outside lower heading should be made to be in stress of coal pillar concentration zones, upper coal seam, namely within the scope of depressor area, reducing supporting difficulty and the expense of lower heading.But along with coal column wrong from increase, when the coal column on lower working face of coal seam enters in upper compacting zone, coal seam goaf, coal column upper stress can rise again.
Can draw, make lower coal seam coal column be positioned at outside the coal column zone of influence, coal seam with the best coal column mistake avoiding completely densified district, coal seam goaf from scope, meet formula (I),
In formula (I), L1-coal column in coal seam is wrong from scope, m up and down；
H-upper and lower coal seam spacing, m；
a1-upper coal seam coal pillar width, m；
a2-lower coal seam coal pillar width, m；
B-span length, m；
-upper stress of coal seam transmission affects angle, °.
2) based on the reasonable coal column of earth's surface uniform settlement wrong from determination
According to bank geological conditions, tested by physical similarity material simulation, respectively the coal column 2-2-1 on the lower working face of coal seam of simulation and the coal column 12-1 arranged superposed on upper working face of coal seam and different mistake from, draw different coal column mistake from time surface subsidence discharge curve, specifically as shown in Figure 4.By Fig. 4 it can be concluded that
During first exploitation above coal seam, the centre position of the both sides work surface of the coal column 1-2-1 that surface subsidence maximum is positioned on working face of coal seam, minimum deflection is positioned at coal column position directly above, largest amount of subsidence is 1.6m, minimum deflection is 0.5m, subsidence curve is with the coal column center line on work surface for benchmark, and left and right is substantially symmetric.When work surface arranged superposed, the deflection on above goaf earth's surface reaches 5.9m, and coal column left and right surface subsidence rises and falls maximum, and drawing crack seam in earth's surface, coal column both sides is concentrated, and surface subsidence basin amount of deflection is very big, presents significantly " hump shape " subsidence basin；Along with mistake from increase, the sinking gradient (amount of deflection) in basin, earth's surface progressively reduces, when coal column is wrong from during more than 60m (being about 2 times of coal seam spacing), after lower seam mining, earth's surface drawing zone superposes with compressional zone, earth's surface after upper seam mining, tension crack in earth's surface and rock stratum is obviously reduced, earth's surface uniformly sinks, and entirety presents " flat pan bottom shape " subsidence basin.
Can be obtained from above, reasonable Arrangement work surface coal column wrong from, it is possible to avoid ground crack concentrations, effectively slow down destruction of surface degree.
Above-mentioned conclusion, obtains the checking of physical similarity material simulation.When the coal column in upper and lower coal seam is wrong from during for 20m, earth's surface preexisting crack expands further, and earth's surface produces to concentrate crack group, and concrete as it is shown in figure 1,101 be wherein upper coal seam goaf, 102 is lower coal seam goaf, and 104 represent surface cracks, and 105 represent formation fractures.When upper and lower working face of coal seam coal column mistake is from 60m, surface subsidence is mild, and rock stratum and surface cracks close, and slow down destruction of surface, specifically as shown in Figure 2.
Coal seam group mining earth's surface uniform settlement rule, specifically as shown in Figure 6, in Fig. 6, surface subsidence curve is individually exploited in the 501 upper coal seams of representative, 502 represent lower coal seam individually exploits surface subsidence curve, 503 represent upper and lower working face of coal seam coal column the best wrong from the uniform subsidence curve in earth's surface, simplified model such as Fig. 7-1 to shown in 7-2, draw the reasonable coal column realizing earth's surface uniform settlement wrong from, concrete, coal column mistake meets formula (II) from scope
l2+0.5(a1+a2)≤L2≤l1+l2+0.5(a1+a2)
Wherein,Then, it is achieved the coal column of earth's surface uniform settlement is wrong from ranging for:
In formula (II), L2-coal column in coal seam is wrong from scope, m up and down；
M1、M2-upper and lower mining thickness, m；
a1-upper coal seam coal pillar width, m；
a2-lower coal seam coal pillar width, m；
α1、α2-upper and lower roof angle of revolution, °.
3) determine that shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column is wrong from scope
In shallow coal scam, when upper and lower working face of coal seam is arranged, adopt rational work surface coal column wrong from, lower working face of coal seam coal column is made to be positioned at outside the working face of coal seam stress of coal pillar zone of influence, i.e. stress depressor area, meet earth's surface uniform settlement, so that it may realize the exploitation of eco-friendly shallow buried coal seam group simultaneously.
Then eco-friendly shallow buried coal seam group exploits work surface the best coal column mistake from ranging for formula (I) and the common factor of formula (II).
Embodiment 1
The application of this method is described for Bei Yi East, certain colliery, this mining area seam inclination about 1 °, main mining coal seam 2 layers, respectively 1-2 coal seam (upper coal seam) and 2-2 coal seam (lower coal seam), 1-2 coal seam is thick 1.8m, 2-2 coal seam average thickness 5m on average.1-2 coal seam and the 2-2 coal seam average 35m of spacing.1-2 coal seam about buried depth 110m, bedrock thickness 70m, loose soil bed thickness 40m, belong to typical shallow buried coal seam group.
This ore deposit adopted upper and lower coal seam arranged superposed originally, and for avoiding the stress concentratedarea of upper seam mining, 2-2 working face of coal seam just can must be exploited after 1-2 working face of coal seam has been exploited, and caused working surface production to continue anxiety.Additionally, the coal column upper stress on 2-2 working face of coal seam is big, roadway support is very difficult, and roadway maintenance takes significantly high, has a strong impact on safety in production, causes tremendous economic to lose.Meanwhile, coal seam group mining causes that surface cracks is grown, and environment is also resulted in heavy damage.
For the in esse problem in this ore deposit, the method adopting the present invention, it is proposed to concrete recovery method is as follows:
Mining height respectively M according to this mining area condition of coal seam occurrence, 1-2 coal seam and spacing h=35m, 1-2 coal seam, 2-2 coal seam with 2-2 coal seam1=1.8m, M2=5.0m, upper and lower coal seam coal pillar width a1=a2=20m, lower heading width b=5m, UDEC numerical computations show that stress of coal seam transmission affects angle Calculated by formula (I), the coal column on coal seam 1-2 and coal seam 2-2 work surface wrong from:
55m≤L1≤72m
According to mine practical condition, 1-2 mining thickness M1=1.8m, top board angle of revolution α1=5 °, 2-2 mining thickness M2=5.0m, top board angle of revolution α2=10 °, coal pillar width a1=a2=20m, formula (II) can be calculated the reasonable coal column mistake that earth's surface uniformly sinks from span is:
48m≤L2≤69m；
Modus ponens (I) and formula (II) calculate the common factor of gained, can arrange if Fig. 8-1 is to shown in 8-3 with 2-2 coal seam (lower coal seam) work surface from ranging for 55m～69m, 1-2 coal seam (upper coal seam) with 2-2 working face of coal seam the best coal column mistake in 1-2 coal seam, this mining area.
After adopting above-mentioned recovery method, 2-2 working face of coal seam coal column is in depressor area, 1-2 coal seam goaf, and relatively before easily, ground crack intensity is obviously reduced roadway maintenance, and surface subsidence amount of deflection slows down, basic realization uniformly sinking.
Embodiment described above is only the preferred embodiment lifted for absolutely proving the present invention, and its protection domain is not limited to this.Equivalent replacement that those skilled in the art make on basis of the present invention or conversion, all within protection scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (3)
1. shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column wrong from method for designing, it is characterised in that comprise the steps,
S1: arrange for the upper and lower working face of coal seam of shallow buried coal seam group, adopt UDEC numerical computations and the experiment of physical similarity material simulation, simulate upper and lower working face of coal seam difference coal column wrong from the impact arranged lower working face of coal seam stress of coal pillar, after determining upper seam mining, the Stress Transfer in lower coal seam is affected angle, obtain making lower working face of coal seam coal column be positioned at outside the coal column zone of influence of working face of coal seam wrong with the coal column avoiding completely densified district, coal seam goaf from scope；
S2: test according to the physical similarity material simulation in S1, simulate the different coal columns of upper and lower working face of coal seam wrong from time surface subsidence amount, measure roof angle of revolution, it is determined that the coal column that surface subsidence degree of disturbing minimizes is wrong from scope；
S3: take obtained for S1 coal column wrong from the wrong common factor from scope of the determined coal column of scope and S2, draw realize earth's surface uniform settlement and the best coal column of concentrated stress can be avoided wrong from scope.
2. shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column according to claim 1 wrong from method for designing, it is characterised in that
In S1, under the making obtained, the coal column of working face of coal seam is positioned at outside the coal column zone of influence of working face of coal seam with the coal column mistake avoiding completely densified district, coal seam goaf from range L1Meet formula (I):
In formula (I), h-upper and lower coal seam spacing, m；
a1-upper coal seam coal pillar width, m；
a2-lower coal seam coal pillar width, m；
B-span length, m；
-be stress of coal seam transmission affect angle, °.
3. shallow buried coal seam group's work surface the best coal column according to claim 1 and 2 wrong from method for designing, it is characterised in that
In S2, the coal column being capable of earth's surface uniform settlement obtained is wrong from range L2Meet formula (II):
In formula (II), M1-upper mining thickness, m；
M2-lower mining thickness, m；
a1-upper coal seam coal pillar width, m；
a2-lower coal seam coal pillar width, m；
α1、α2-upper and lower roof angle of revolution, °.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106339546A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-18 | 西安科技大学 | Extremely-short-distance coal seam goaf lower force piece load determination method and device |
| CN106339546B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-03-19 | 西安科技大学 | Force piece load determination method and device under a kind of ultra close distance coal seam goaf |
| CN107165633A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-15 | 山西工程技术学院 | A kind of thin coal pillar width for obstructing adjacent air space area gas porous flow determines method |
| CN110029995A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-19 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of contiguous seams are upper and lower by for collaboration exploitation excavation replacement design method |
| CN110630268A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2019-12-31 | 西安科技大学 | Method for determining advancing direction offset of upper and lower co-mining working faces of double coal seams |
| CN112282757A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method |
| CN112282757B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-09-21 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Multi-coal-seam space-time coordinated mining layout method |
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