CN102102518B - Top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a top coal caving coordinated mining method for a thick coal seam under a dam body of a reservoir. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) determining the positions of all working surfaces under the well according to geological mining data and the position of the dam body of the reservoir, and predicting the surface movement deformation value after all mining working surfaces are mined by using a probability integral method; (2) determining an underground mining scheme of the top coal caving coordinated mining of the thick coal seam under the dam body of the reservoir: (1) determining that the advancing directions of all the mining working surfaces are consistent with the long axis direction of the dam body; (2) reasonably determining the mining widths of the mining working surfaces; (3) reasonably determining the positions of all mining working surfaces and mining boundaries; (4) determining the mining sequence and time of all mining working surfaces in a jump mining mode; and (5) reasonably determining the advancing speed of all the mining working surfaces. The top coal caving coordinated mining of the thick coal seam under the dam body of the reservoir is realized and the safety of coal mining and the dam body is guaranteed by reasonably determining the advancing directions of the working surfaces, mining sizes, the positions of the working surfaces, the mining sequence and time of the working surfaces and the advancing speed of the working surfaces.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technology field, particularly a kind of top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir.
Background technology
Under reservoir dam, coal mining research belongs to the research field of railways and water-bodies.At historical nearly 100 years of coal mining under water bodies, each producing coal country carried out a large amount of test mining work under the sea, under the river, under the lake, under moisture unconsolidated formation (drifting sand layer, layer of gravel), under moisture rock stratum (limestone, sandstone), under the retaining industrial building manually built, under the tunnel of water-filling and stope.Up to now, there are Britain, Japan, Canada, Chile and Australian five states to carry out extra large lower coal mining abroad, all obtained success.At home, Mine of Longkou Mining Area has become the mining area of mining under first seabed of China, is also the mining area of mining under the 6th seabed in the world.
Mining under building has multiple production technique measure, and the harmonic extraction method is one of method wherein.The principle of harmonic extraction method is: the surface movement and deformation regularity of distribution that causes according to exploitation, by rational mining distribution, adjust the methods such as arrangement of exploitation work plane and slow down the exploitation surface deformation value, namely by reasonable Arrangement working face mining border and mining sequence, realize that the drawing zone and the compressional zone that form between the different operating face offset or certain counteracting is arranged, and protect the ground building; Or the cooperation by two or more work planes; make protected object be in mesozone or the compressive strain district of subsidence basin; only bear dynamic deformation and final even sinking, do not bear final stretcher strain, can effectively reduce the earth's surface distortion to the infringement of earth's surface building.Generally, by adjusting different productive limit or a plurality of work plane or the multiple seam unitized productions of work plane, can only make between the coal seam or surface movement and deformation that the exploitation working face mining of each layering the causes part of cancelling each other, the distortion that the earth's surface building are born reduces and can not eliminate.The method can reduce the earth's surface distortion, but can not reduce surface subsidence.
Common harmonic extraction method mainly contains following several both at home and abroad:
(1) reduce the stack of productive limit impact
Utilize the distance difference between upper and lower ore bed (or layering) work plane, to reduce to exploit the surface movement and deformation (seeing accompanying drawing 3) that causes.This method can be used for two aspects: (a) reduce the impact of dynamic mobile distortion; (b) reduce the deflection of work plane boudary portion
(2) Multi-working-surface harmonic extraction
As shown in Figure 4, adopt a large work plane or several work plane to exploit simultaneously, make building be positioned at the flat position of moving basin, make building only be subjected to the impact of dynamic deformation, thereby protect building.Simultaneously, consider the dynamic effects of surface movement and deformation in recovery process, press the certain way layout therefore will exploit work plane, reduce the production performance deformation effect.
(3) symmetrical exploitation method
When exploiting under building, if the ability of building opposing compressive strain is larger, and very responsive to inclination and stretcher strain, can adopt the symmetrical method (seeing accompanying drawing 5) of exploitation dorsad.For example: at two work planes of exploiting dorsad of protected building arranged just beneath.In this case, building is in the compressive strain district of subsidence basin central authorities at the very start, does not bear stretcher strain, does not produce inclination.This method generally just just adopts when the very important single building coal column of back production.
But, the method of high seam Sub-Level Caving harmonic extraction, make dam body bear compressive strain and stretcher strain do not occur under reservoir dam, particularly makes dam body horizontal stretcher strain crack not occur, guarantee the safe operation of dam body, not yet occur similar bibliographical information at home, outward.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir, be in all the time compressive state with the assurance dam body, and stretcher strain and crack do not occur, guarantee the safety and stability of dam body and the safety in production in colliery.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir, comprise the steps: that (1) is according to the position of geological mining data and reservoir dam, determine the position of each work plane, then adopt Using Probability Integral Method To Predicate respectively to exploit the later surface movement and deformation value of working face mining; (2) according to the above-mentioned later surface movement and deformation value result of working face mining of respectively exploiting, further figure adjusts the underground mining scheme of optimizing high seam Sub-Level Caving harmonic extraction under reservoir dam, stretcher strain and crack do not appear so that respectively exploit the work plane dam body after exploitation, concrete steps comprise: 1) determine respectively to exploit advance of the face direction consistent with the dam body long axis direction, namely the dam body long axis direction is parallel to exploitation advance of the face direction or productive limit; 2) the exploitation size of adjustment exploitation work plane, rationally the mining width of definite exploitation work plane, according to the requirement of band mining Design, consider the production efficiency of down-hole simultaneously, definite mining width of respectively exploiting work plane is 1/4 ~ 1/5 of mining depth; 3) rationally determine respectively to exploit position and the productive limit of work plane, after making exploitation, near the earth's surface that causes dam body is deformed into compressive strain but not stretcher strain; 4) adopt the jumping mode of adopting to determine the mining sequence of respectively exploiting work plane, make all not Tensile distortion of dam body later on of each exploitation working face mining; 5) rationally determine respectively to exploit the fltting speed of work plane, the fltting speed of exploitation work plane is 2.4 ~ 3.0m/d.
The propelling of described exploitation work plane is at the uniform velocity propelling, and fltting speed is 2.6m/d.
The mining width of described exploitation work plane is 1/4.2 of mining depth.
The described jumping mode of adopting is specially: with five of the reservoir dam coal column exploitation work planes called after the first work plane, the second work plane, the 3rd work plane, the 4th work plane and the 5th work plane successively from top to bottom, exploit successively according to the order of the second work plane → the 4th work plane → first work plane → the 5th work plane → the 3rd work plane.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir comprises the steps: that (1) is according to the position of geological mining data and reservoir, dam body, at first determine the position of each work plane of down-hole, then adopt Using Probability Integral Method To Predicate respectively to exploit the later surface movement and deformation value of working face mining, (2) according to the above-mentioned later surface movement and deformation value result of working face mining of respectively exploiting, further optimize the underground mining scheme of high seam Sub-Level Caving harmonic extraction under reservoir dam, stretcher strain and crack do not appear so that respectively exploit the work plane dam body after exploitation, concrete steps comprise: 1) rationally determine advance of the face direction, make that respectively to exploit advance of the face direction consistent with the dam body long axis direction, the dam body long axis direction only is subject to exploiting the impact of working face mining dynamic deformation, exploitation is less on the dam body impact, dam body is sat pretty, guarantee that transverse crack does not appear in dam body.2) adjust the exploitation size of exploitation work plane, rationally determine the mining width of exploitation work plane, make subsidence that single exploitation working face mining causes along inclined direction be subcritical extraction or insufficient adopting extremely, what reduce incline direction adopts traverse degree coefficient as far as possible, can alleviate so single exploitation work plane and adopt influence degree to dam body.The face length less is little to the destruction of country rock, and is particularly little to overburden failure, and " two bands " highly grows low, is conducive to the safety of coal mining under water bodies.3) rationally determine respectively to exploit position and the productive limit of work plane, when design arrangement exploitation work plane, exploit the arrangement of work plane by adjustment, after making as much as possible the exploitation working face mining, near the earth's surface that causes dam body is deformed into compressive strain but not stretcher strain, dam body is compressed distortion surface cracks and dam body crack can not occur, and the permeability resistance of the dam body that is compressed can strengthen.4) rationally determine mining sequence and the time of each work plane, adopt and jump the definite mining sequence of respectively exploiting work plane of the mode of adopting, exploit the mining sequence of work plane by adjustment, realize that the drawing zone and the compressional zone that form between different exploitation work planes offset or certain counteracting is arranged, and reduce the stretcher strain that dam body finally bears as far as possible.Simultaneously, the subsidence that causes due to single exploitation working face mining is subcritical extraction, jumps the mode of adopting (be similar to and adopt greatly wide band exploitation) by employing, can alleviate the impact of adopting dam body.Because each recovery time of exploiting work plane is different, make the dam deformation that causes after each exploitation working face mining disperse and not stack mutually, the severe degree of earth's surface and dam body movement and deformation reduces greatly, is conducive to reduce near the surface deformation value of dam body.5) rationally determine respectively to exploit the fltting speed of work plane, the fltting speed of exploitation work plane is 2. 4 ~ 3.0m/d, to guarantee safety of dam body.
2, the exploitation work plane keeps 2. 6m/d at the uniform velocity to advance in recovery process, realizes producing continuously, reducing the impact that dam body is subjected to dynamic deformation.
3, with five of the reservoir dam coal column exploitation work planes called after the first work plane, the second work plane, the 3rd work plane, the 4th work plane and the 5th work plane successively from top to bottom, order according to the second work plane → the 4th work plane → first work plane → the 5th work plane → the 3rd work plane is exploited successively, because the recovery time of each exploitation work plane is different, make the dam deformation that causes after each exploitation working face mining disperse and not stack mutually, the severe degree of earth's surface and dam body movement and deformation reduces greatly, is conducive to reduce near the surface deformation value of dam body.
4, the present invention to safe and efficient coal mining under the reservoir dam of colliery, improve coal recovery rate, extend mine service-life, earth's surface building such as protection reservoir dam etc. have important practical significance; can be mines under the reservoir dam of similar mining area provides reference, has wide popularizing application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention exploits the work plane distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of the second work plane in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of two ore beds or hierarchical coordinative exploitation;
Fig. 4 is that the Multi-working-surface mistake is apart from the schematic diagram of harmonic extraction;
Fig. 5 is the double face schematic diagram of harmonic extraction dorsad;
Fig. 6 is five factor harmonic extraction model schematic diagrames.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 6, the present invention organically combines advance of the face direction, exploitation size, work plane position, working face mining order and time and face propulsion speed five factors, proposes " five factors " harmonic extraction model.
Top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, it comprises the steps: that (1) is according to the position of geological mining data and reservoir 6, dam body 7, determine position and the productive limit of work plane, then adopt Using Probability Integral Method To Predicate respectively to exploit the later surface movement and deformation value of working face mining; (2) according to the above-mentioned later surface movement and deformation value result of working face mining of respectively exploiting, further adjust the underground mining scheme of determining reservoir 6,7 times high seam Sub-Level Caving harmonic extractions of dam body, stretcher strain and crack do not occur so that respectively exploit work plane dam body 7 after exploitation, concrete steps comprise:
1) determine respectively to exploit advance of the face direction consistent with the long axis direction of dam body 7
Because dam body 7 length are larger, be about 113m, if the direction of propulsion of exploitation work plane is vertical with dam body 7 major axis or oblique, can cause dam body 7 across exploitation work plane top, cause larger stretcher strain near above exploitation work plane boundary, cause in dam body 7 tops formation transverse cracks.Therefore, direction of propulsion and dam body 7 long axis directions of determining respectively to exploit work plane are basically identical, dam body 7 long axis directions are parallel to the direction of propulsion of exploiting work plane, the impact that dam body 7 long axis directions only are subject to exploiting the working face mining dynamic deformation, and exploitation is less on dam body 7 impacts.Therefore, dam body 7 long axis directions are parallel with exploitation work plane or productive limit, can guarantee that dam body 7 sits pretty, and can guarantee that like this transverse crack does not appear in dam body 7.
2) adjust the exploitation size of exploitation work plane, rationally determine the mining width of exploitation work plane
Requirement according to the band mining Design, consider simultaneously the production efficiency of down-hole, the mining width of determining work plane is 1/4 ~ 1/5 of mining depth, different according to the coal seam buried depth, each mining width of exploiting work plane is defined as 80 ~ 100m, namely is equivalent to 1/4.2 of mining depth H, each working face mining is little to the destruction of country rock like this, little to overburden failure, " two bands " highly grows low, improved the safety factor of coal mining under water bodies.By rationally determining the mining width of exploitation work plane, make subsidence that single exploitation working face mining causes along inclined direction be subcritical extraction or insufficient adopting extremely, what reduce incline direction adopts traverse degree coefficient as far as possible, can alleviate so single exploitation work plane and adopt influence degree to dam body 7.
3) rationally determine respectively to exploit position and the productive limit of work plane
When design arrangement exploitation work plane, exploit the arrangement of work plane by adjustment, after making as much as possible the exploitation working face mining, near the earth's surface that causes dam body 7 is deformed into compressive strain but not stretcher strain, dam body 7 is compressed distortion surface cracks and dam body 7 cracks can not occur, and the permeability of the dam body 7 that is compressed can strengthen.For example: according to the position of dam body 7, can determine the position of first mining face according near coal seam buried depth, seam inclination, angle of maximum subsidence.Near dam body 7 coal seam buried depth H average out to 370m, seam inclination α are that 12 °, angle of maximum subsidence θ are 84.2 °, the maximum compression deformed area is 38m to the direction offset d of going down the hill, like this can be according to the center of the location positioning work plane of dam body, and then determined the position of work plane by the mining width of work plane, making dam body is maximum compression deformed area after work plane is adopted.For the dam body of being piled up by loess and work stone, also be conducive to the stability of dam body.
4) rationally determine mining sequence and the time of each work plane, adopt and jump the mining sequence that the mode of adopting is determined each work plane.
Exploit the mining sequence of work plane by adjustment, realize that the drawing zone and the compressional zone that form between different exploitation work planes offset or certain counteracting is arranged, and reduce the stretcher strain that dam body 7 finally bears as far as possible.Simultaneously, the subsidence that causes due to single exploitation working face mining is subcritical extraction, jumps the mode of adopting (be similar to and adopt greatly wide band exploitation) by employing, can alleviate the impact of adopting dam body 7.For example: with five of the reservoir dam coal column exploitation work planes called after the first work plane 1, the second work plane 2, the 3rd work plane 3, the 4th work plane 4 and the 5th work plane 5 successively from top to bottom, should exploit successively according to the order of the second work plane 2 → the 4th work plane 4 → the first work planes 1 → the 5th work plane 5 → the 3rd work plane 3.Because the recovery time of each exploitation work plane is different, make dam body 7 distortion that cause after each exploitation working face mining disperse and not stack mutually, the severe degree of earth's surface and dam body 7 movement and deformations reduces greatly, is conducive to reduce near the surface deformation value of dam body 7.
According to the surface movement and deformation regularity of distribution, at first exploit the second work plane 2, what cause at dam body 7 places is deformed into compressive strain, and the deformation values that bears during mining influence for the first time of dam body 7 is compressive strain like this, dam body the crack can not occur, only bears the impact of dynamic mobile distortion.The width of first mining face is 1/4.2 of mining depth H, is subcritical extraction.
For alleviating the mining influence to dam body 7, skip the 3rd work plane 3, exploit the 4th work plane 4, arrange like this to be similar to and adopt greatly wide band exploitation, the surface movement and deformation amount significantly reduces, and the second work plane 2 exploitations simultaneously obtain partial offset in the compressive strain of dam body 7 places formation and the stretcher strain of the 4th work plane 4 formation.
Then, exploitation the first work plane 1, because distance dam body 7 is relatively far away, the surface movement that the second work plane 2 exploitations simultaneously cause also finishes substantially, so this work plane is less on the impact of dam body 7.
Then, exploitation the 5th work plane 5, because the mining width of the 5th work plane 5 is less, and also relatively far away apart from dam body 7, simultaneously, the surface movement that the 4th work plane 4 exploitations cause also finishes substantially, and is also less on the impact of dam body 7.
At last, exploitation the 3rd work plane 3 is because the exploitation face width is less, the surface movement that the exploitation working face mining on both sides causes is all basicly stable, after this exploitation working face mining, dam body 7 place's sinkings increase, but owing to being subcritical extraction, very little on the impact of dam body 7.
5) rationally determine respectively to exploit the fltting speed of work plane, the fltting speed of exploitation work plane is 2.4 ~ 3.0m/d.
Because the maximum subsidence velocity in earth's surface is directly proportional to the fltting speed of exploitation work plane, therefore, to determine suitable exploitation face propulsion speed in recovery process, to guarantee the safety of dam body 7.If to push away speed excessively slow for the exploitation work plane, easily make exploitation work plane the place ahead boundary effect occur, be unfavorable for the protection of dam body 7; If the exploitation face propulsion speed is too fast, the rate of strain of easily aggravating dam body 7 also is unfavorable for the protection of dam body 7.Calculate according to geological mining condition, determine that the fltting speed of exploitation work plane remains between 2.4 ~ 3.0m/d.Realize producing continuously, reduce the impact that dam body 7 is subjected to dynamic deformation, the propelling that should as far as possible remain a constant speed, the at the uniform velocity preferred 2.6m/d of fltting speed in order to keep stable exploitation fltting speed.
The present invention is in conjunction with the actual conditions in exploiting field and the position of dam body 7, adopted the infringement minimum as principle take dam body 7, reservoir 6 and dam body 7 pressed down coal Sub-Level Caving harmonic extraction be optimized design.
The present invention has obtained huge economic benefit and social benefit, and has guaranteed high seam Sub-Level Caving safety and high efficiency under reservoir dam, has realized the safe operation of reservoir dam, has accumulated invaluable experience for mining under reservoir dam.
Claims (4)
1. a top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) according to the position of geological mining data and reservoir dam, determine the position of each work plane, then adopt Using Probability Integral Method To Predicate respectively to exploit the later surface movement and deformation value of working face mining;
(2) according to the above-mentioned later surface movement and deformation value result of working face mining of respectively exploiting, further adjust the underground mining scheme of optimizing high seam Sub-Level Caving harmonic extraction under reservoir dam, stretcher strain and crack do not appear so that respectively exploit the work plane dam body after exploitation, concrete steps comprise: 1) determine respectively to exploit advance of the face direction consistent with the dam body long axis direction, namely the dam body long axis direction is parallel to exploitation advance of the face direction or productive limit; 2) adjust the exploitation size of exploitation work plane, according to the requirement of band mining Design, consider simultaneously the production efficiency of down-hole, definite mining width of respectively exploiting work plane is 1/4 ~ 1/5 of mining depth; 3) rationally determine respectively to exploit position and the productive limit of work plane, after making exploitation, near the earth's surface that causes dam body is deformed into compressive strain but not stretcher strain; 4) adopt the jumping mode of adopting to determine the mining sequence of respectively exploiting work plane, make all not Tensile distortion of dam body later on of each exploitation working face mining; 5) rationally determine respectively to exploit the fltting speed of work plane, the fltting speed of exploitation work plane is 2.4 ~ 3.0m/d.
2. top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the propelling of described exploitation work plane is at the uniform velocity propelling, and fltting speed is 2.6m/d.
3. top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the mining width of described exploitation work plane is 1/4.2 of mining depth.
4. top coal caving coordinated mining method for thick coal seam under dam body of reservoir as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described jumping mode of adopting is specially: with five of the reservoir dam coal column exploitation work planes called after the first work plane, the second work plane, the 3rd work plane, the 4th work plane and the 5th work plane successively from top to bottom, exploit successively according to the order of the second work plane → the 4th work plane → first work plane → the 5th work plane → the 3rd work plane.
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CN103206216B (en) * | 2013-04-21 | 2015-01-28 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Underground working face mining sequence optimization method for prolonging service time of surface land |
CN103726481B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-06-17 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Repeatedly mined surface deformation predicting method |
CN103758521B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2016-04-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of exploitation method of deep fractures |
CN104806245B (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2017-03-22 | 河南理工大学 | Protecting method for long-wall strip type coordinated skip-mining under earth and rockfill dams |
CN105332706A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-02-17 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Mining method of short- and long-wall portion of under-village coal |
CN108086978B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-12-10 | 太原理工大学 | Coal mining method suitable for deep well extra-thick coal seam |
CN111859517B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2024-03-19 | 山西工程技术学院 | Dam deformation damage analysis method for deep coal seam exploitation under reservoir dam |
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CN100590295C (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2010-02-17 | 中国矿业大学(北京校区) | Three-section type stoping process for full-height mining of thick coal seam |
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