CN112412459B

CN112412459B - Special strip type filling mining method

Info

Publication number: CN112412459B
Application number: CN202011498067.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘萍; 贾毅超; 敖以章; 韩绅; 陈镇; 罗畅
Original assignee: Guizhou University
Current assignee: Guizhou University
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2022-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-17
Also published as: CN112412459A

Abstract

The invention provides a special strip type filling mining method, which reasonably plans a filling area and a caving area in a strip, reasonably distributes coal gangue produced in the mining and tunneling process, combines the gas extraction design of a goaf and the roadside support design of a gob entry, solves the problems of insufficient underground gangue amount and the problem of goaf gas dissipation to a working face in the traditional filling mining technology, enables the roadside support process to be simpler and more convenient, reduces the engineering disturbance of mining of the section to upper and lower sections, and simultaneously has good control effect on large-area settlement of the earth surface. Belonging to the field of coal mining.

Description

Special strip type filling mining method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a special strip type filling mining method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining.

Background

The characteristics of the one-time energy storage and the economic development stage of rich coal, lean oil and little gas in China determine that coal still dominates in the primary energy consumption structure in China for a long time. Most of coal resources in China depend on underground mining, and the roof management of the total caving method promotes economic development and simultaneously causes environmental problems such as underground water flow, surface subsidence and the like. Aiming at a series of problems caused by a collapse method, filling mining technology is put forward in China, and good effect is achieved through practice. With the continuous approach of the coal industry to a safe, green and economic energy industry system, coal mine filling mining becomes a trend, wherein coal gangue filling is a filling mode with lower cost.

In the traditional filling mining, all the goaf is filled, and the problems that the gas in the goaf is gushed into a working face due to poor air permeability of a filling body, the mine production is influenced, the underground gangue quantity is not enough, and the filling cost is high due to the fact that other filling materials need to be conveyed from the ground and enter a well are not considered. Although in filling mining, the filling body replaces the supporting effect of the coal pillar, the deformation of the earth surface can be effectively controlled, and the extraction rate of coal is improved, the filling cost of the traditional filling mining method is high, the traditional filling mining method is not suitable for mines with complex geological conditions, and at present, few coal mines really adopt the filling method to treat the goaf. Most coal enterprises in China, particularly southern areas, adopt a total caving method to treat goafs; the coal mines inevitably produce waste rocks in the production process, and the waste rocks are conveyed to the ground, so that a large amount of land is occupied, and the environmental pollution to the surrounding environment is caused; meanwhile, the goaf is treated by a complete caving method, so that the problems of ground collapse and the like are often caused; if the traditional filling mining technology is applied to the southern mining area, the defects of the traditional filling mining method are amplified due to the fact that the mine geological conditions in the southern area are complex, and the gas inventory is large.

The goaf treatment method commonly adopted by the traditional Chinese coal mine enterprises is a total caving method; although the filling mining method is advocated vigorously, the practical application is few; aiming at most coal mines in south China, the characteristics of shallow coal seam burial, high gas content and the like, the existing mining method mainly has the following problems:

(1) the ground surface deformation and the gangue utilization problem. At present, a goaf is treated by a total caving method commonly adopted by coal mine enterprises, and the damage to an overlying strata is large, so that environmental problems such as surface deformation, mountain landslide and the like are often caused; in addition, gangue is inevitably generated underground in the mining process, and the traditional method is to transport the gangue out of the ground for stacking, so that a large amount of land is occupied, and the environment is polluted; if the traditional filling mining method is adopted, although the problems of surface subsidence and deformation are solved, the amount of gangue produced in the underground mining and tunneling process is not enough to fill the whole goaf, slurry and other filling materials need to be conveyed from the ground to the underground, the cost of the filling materials is high, the problems of slurry transportation links are more, and the solidification time of the filling materials is long.

(2) And (4) gas in a goaf. If a traditional filling mining method is adopted, the goaf is completely filled, the air permeability of a filling body is not high, the goaf is not provided with a good gas channel, gas cannot escape, and the gas in the goaf can be forced to escape to a working surface, so that the mine production is influenced.

(3) The traditional filling mining method has the disadvantages of long time-consuming process and low mining efficiency. In the filling mining process, after the rear goaf is completely filled after one coal cutter cuts one coal, the next coal cutting can be carried out, and the waiting time is long; in the filling process, certain time is consumed due to the fact that the underground gangue quantity is insufficient and needs to be transported from the ground.

(4) The problem of side support of the roadway in the non-coal-pillar roadway protection. All caving methods are used for processing a goaf, a stoping roadway at the next stage, and a commonly-used gob-side entry retaining or gob-side entry driving method all need to be supported by a man-made roadway, so that the labor intensity of underground workers is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a special strip type filling mining method, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient underground gangue quantity and goaf gas dissipation to a working face in the traditional filling mining technology, so that the roadside supporting process is simpler and more convenient, the engineering disturbance of mining in the section on the upper section and the lower section is reduced, and meanwhile, a good control effect on large-area surface settlement is achieved.

In order to solve the problems, the special strip type filling mining method is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: dividing each section into a local filling area and a caving area, wherein the local filling area and the caving area are both in the shape of strips, the local filling areas are distributed at equal intervals along the mining direction, one caving area is formed between two adjacent local filling areas, the two local filling areas and the two caving areas form a group along the mining direction, namely a mining cycle, mining area by area, carrying out local backfill support while mining a local filling area, so that the local filling areas after mining have local supports, and the local supports in the adjacent local filling areas are arranged in a staggered way, during mining, roadside support is constructed along the roadway on one side, a gas drainage main pipe is arranged in the roadway on the other side, and constructing gas extraction drill holes for each group of mined areas in the roadway, performing gas extraction on each group of areas by the gas extraction drill holes by the gas extraction main pipe, and gradually mining each section according to the mining cycle.

In the strip filling mining method, the local support in the local filling area occupies a half side area of the local filling area;

in the strip filling mining method, the local filling areas in two adjacent sections are arranged in a staggered mode;

in the strip filling mining method, the roadway on one side of each section is the return airway of the section, the roadway on the other side of each section is the return airway of the next section, and the gas drainage main pipe of each section is arranged in the return airway of the section.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1) the special strip type filling mining method combines the characteristics of a caving method and a filling method, through reasonable distribution of coal gangue and reasonable design of a filling area, not only is the surface subsidence of a large area treated, but also the problems of overhigh ground conveying and transportation cost, discharge and accumulation of the coal gangue and the like caused by insufficient mining output are solved, and unnecessary expenditure is reduced.

(2) The special strip type filling mining method combines the characteristics of a collapse method and a filling method, the old roof is prevented from displacing through the support of a filling body, the false roof and the direct roof partially collapse, so that a goaf has a good fracture channel, and in addition, the pipe laying extraction design of gas in the goaf enables a large amount of gas in the goaf to be extracted through roof drilling, so that the problem that the gas extraction effect of the goaf in the traditional filling mining is poor and the gas is forced to escape to a working face is solved, and the coal bed gas is maximally exploited.

(3) The special strip type filling mining method optimizes the process of the traditional filling mining method, solves the problem of insufficient underground gangue amount and reduces the time for conveying raw materials on the ground; the division of local filling strips reduces the filling time; compared with the traditional filling mining method, the method saves more time and ensures high-efficiency mining of coal mines.

(4) The method has the advantages that the roadside support process is simpler and more definite, the support effect on the top plate is better, and the engineering disturbance to the upper and lower sections is weakened. Meanwhile, under the supporting effect of the local filling strips, the roadside support is not easy to damage, the roadside support plays a good role in isolating gas, water, falling gangue and the like in the previous section, and the effect is better.

The special strip type filling mining method realizes the purposes of avoiding the stacking of coal gangue from occupying a large amount of land, reasonably utilizing the coal gangue, maximally exploiting coal bed gas, well solving the problem of ground deformation and settlement, accords with the current concept of green exploitation, achieves the purposes of high efficiency, economy, safety and environmental protection, provides reference for coal mine filling exploitation technology, and reasonably plans and designs aiming at geological conditions of different mining areas and applies the design.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a "stripe" division of a segment of a partially filled and collapsed region;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a section after completion of the first mining cycle (the first four mining zones);

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the end of one-zone mining and the division of two zone "stripes";

FIG. 4 is a plan view after the end of two-zone mining;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a section after production from the first production zone is completed;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the completion of first and second zone mining;

wherein: 1-a segment; 2-a section of return airway; 3-gas drainage main pipe; 4-one section transportation lane (two section return air lane); 5-filling the hydraulic support; 6-gas extraction drilling; 7-collapse zone; 8-local filling area; 81-local support; 9-roadside support; 10-two sections; 11-two section transportation lane; 12-three sections; 13-four sections; 14-earth surface; 15-formation.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a special strip-type fill mining method, which includes the following steps:

taking a first section 1, a second section 10 and a third section 12 to a fourth section 13 as an example, firstly, dividing each section into a plurality of local filling areas 8 and caving areas 7 according to a strip shape, wherein the local filling areas 8 are distributed at equal intervals along the mining direction, a caving area 7 is arranged between two adjacent local filling areas 8, two local filling areas 8 and two caving areas 7 are taken as a group along the mining direction from the first section 1, namely, a mining cycle is adopted, mining is carried out zone by zone, the local filling areas 8 are subjected to local backfill support while mining, so that the local filling areas 8 after mining are provided with local supports 81, the local supports 81 in the adjacent local filling areas 8 are arranged in a staggered mode, the supports 9 beside a roadway are constructed along the return airway of the next section while mining, a gas drainage main pipe 3 is arranged along the return airway of the section, and each group of areas after mining is constructed with a gas drainage drill hole 6 from the return airway of the section, and the gas drainage main pipe 3 performs gas drainage on each group of areas through the gas drainage drill holes 6, and gradually mines each section according to the mining cycle.

The local support 81 in the local filling area 8 occupies the half-side area or at least the 1/3 area of the local filling area 8, thereby ensuring the support effect;

the local filling areas 8 in two adjacent sections are staggered, for example: the local filling areas 8 in the first section 1 and the second section 10 are arranged in a staggered mode, and the caving areas 7 in the first section 1 and the second section 10 are also arranged in a staggered mode, so that the overall stability of the support is improved.

Note: (1) the division of the local filling areas 8, the width of the local filling areas 8, the filling length of each local filling area 8, the width of the filling area of the roadside support 9 and the like are determined according to mine geological conditions (lithology, overlying strata structure and the like) and equipment parameters; (2) the local filling areas 8 of the upper and lower sections are distributed in a staggered way; (3) gas drilling extraction points in the return airway of each section can be increased appropriately according to field conditions, and extraction position points can be adjusted. If the previous zone is a local filling zone 8 and the gas extraction drill hole is located on the side of the local support 81, the length of the gas extraction drill hole in the goaf is slightly increased according to circumstances until the caving zone/zone is above the circular arch.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, taking a mining of a section 1 as an example, the specific steps are as follows:

1) a section 1 is divided into a plurality of partial filling areas 8 and collapse areas 7 by stripes. Assuming that the first mining area is a caving area 7, pushing and sliding the moving frame when the coal cutter cuts one step each time during mining, after the hydraulic support 5 to be filled moves one step, arranging baffles on the upper part and the lower part of a roadside support filling area in the moving frame step, filling the filling area by using the filling hydraulic support 5 to transport coal gangue, and performing next coal cutting and filling process until the strip mining is finished and the filling area of the roadside support 9 is filled;

2) the second mining area is the local filling area 8. When the local filling area 8 is mined, the local support 81 in the local filling area 8 is also completed according to the construction method of the roadside support 9, which comprises the following steps: after the coal cutter finishes cutting once, pushing and moving the rack, after the hydraulic support 5 to be filled moves a step pitch, arranging baffle plates on the upper part of a local support 81 filling area and the lower part of a roadside support 9 filling area in the step pitch of the moving rack, filling the filling area by utilizing the tail part of the hydraulic support 5 to transport coal gangue, and after the front-side one-step filling is finished, carrying out next-step coal cutting and filling process until the strip mining is finished and the filling area is filled. The subsequent local fill zone 8 mining is in accordance with the mining described above.

3) And performing gas extraction on the goafs of the first mining area and the second mining area. Before the third mining area is mined, a gas extraction drill hole 6 is drilled above a circular arch of a backward goaf caving zone through a section return airway 2, then a small pipe is paved in the gas extraction drill hole 6, a gas extraction main pipe 3 which is placed in the section return airway 2 in advance is connected, and gas in the backward goaf is extracted for the first time.

4) And (5) mining of a third mining area. I.e., the caving zone 7, is mined in accordance with the first mining zone (first stripe) mining procedure.

5) And (5) mining of a fourth mining area. When the fourth mining area is mined, the fourth mining area is a local filling area 8 for the second mining, the coal cutter pushes the sliding frame once cutting, after the filling hydraulic support 5 moves by a step distance, a baffle is arranged at the lower part of the local supporting 81 filling area in the step distance of the sliding frame, the filling area is filled by using the filling hydraulic support 5 to transport coal gangue, and after the front side is filled, the next coal cutting and filling process is carried out until the strip mining is finished and the filling area is filled. The process of the roadside support 9 is the same as the process of the roadside support 9 of the caving region 7.

6) And then mining the mining area. And taking the mining of the first four mining areas as a mining cycle, dividing the later mining areas according to the mining cycle, and performing cycle operation, wherein the steps are consistent with the first cycle. And the seventeenth mining area cannot form a circulation, is treated as a caving area, and before mining, gas extraction is carried out on the rear goaf firstly, and then the rear goaf is mined.

7) Production of the two-zone 10. And (3) ensuring that the local filling areas 8 of the upper and lower sections are distributed in a staggered manner, if the first local filling area 8 of the first section 1 is a second mining area, the first local filling area 8 of the second section 10 is set as a first mining area, and the other steps are consistent.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special strip filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing a local filling area (8) and a caving area (7) for each section, wherein the local filling area (8) and the caving area (7) are in a strip shape, the local filling areas (8) are distributed at equal intervals along the mining direction, one caving area (7) is arranged between two adjacent local filling areas (8), the two local filling areas (8) and the two caving areas (7) are taken as a group along the mining direction, namely, one mining cycle is adopted, mining is carried out zone by zone, the local filling areas (8) are subjected to local backfill support while mining, so that the local filling areas (8) after mining are provided with local supports (81), the local supports (81) in the adjacent local filling areas (8) are arranged in a staggered mode, a side roadway (9) is constructed along one side roadway while mining, a gas drainage and release area (3) is arranged in the other side roadway, and each group of support areas after mining is constructed by a main pipe to extract and drill holes, and the gas drainage main pipe (3) conducts gas drainage on each group of areas through the gas drainage drill hole, and gradually mines each section according to the mining cycle.

2. The special strip fill mining method of claim 1, characterized in that: the local support (81) in the local filling area (8) occupies a half-side area of the local filling area (8).

3. The special strip fill mining method of claim 1, characterized in that: the local filling areas (8) in two adjacent sections are arranged in a staggered way.

4. The special strip fill mining method of claim 1, characterized by: the roadway on one side of each section is the return airway of the section, the roadway on the other side of each section is the return airway of the next section, and the gas drainage main pipe (3) of each section is arranged in the return airway of the section.