CN103430880A - Optimized feeding method for adult stage of sea horses - Google Patents
Optimized feeding method for adult stage of sea horses Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430880A CN103430880A CN2013103507668A CN201310350766A CN103430880A CN 103430880 A CN103430880 A CN 103430880A CN 2013103507668 A CN2013103507668 A CN 2013103507668A CN 201310350766 A CN201310350766 A CN 201310350766A CN 103430880 A CN103430880 A CN 103430880A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an optimized feeding method for the adult stage (2 to 6 months old) of sea horses, which includes the reasonable arrangement and optimization of a sea horse culture environment, feed types, feeding time, feeding amount, a feeding method and a feed processing method. When the feeding method is adopted, the survival rate and growing rate of sea horses at the growing stage are remarkably increased, meanwhile, the feed coefficient is decreased, the overall sea horse culture efficiency can be increased ultimately, and the degree of ecological pollution can be decreased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hippocampus cultural method and technical field, particularly a kind of optimization feeding method of hippocampus mature stage.
Background technology
Hippocampus cultivation can be divided into that juvenile fish is grown seedlings, juvenile fish is formed and the three phases such as parent fish rearing.Juvenile fish was formed as the longest stage of hippocampus culturing time, directly determined hippocampus cultivation ultimate output and cost.Bait feeding not only directly determines the nutrition intake level of hippocampus, controls especially aquaculture cost and the critical process of realizing maximum revenue.Existing than systematic account about hippocampus juvenile fish bait feeding in period technical method at present, form period the bait feeding technology of (young hippocampus was born for 2 monthly ages to 6 monthly ages of sexual maturity) or the introduction of method but there is no about hippocampus.Generally speaking, the scientific management in the vegetative period of hippocampus, can significantly improve the efficiency of forming of hippocampus, and significantly lower the hippocampus aquaculture cost.The strain line hippocampus (Lined seahorse,
hippocampus erectus) be an Atlantic Ocean hippocampus kind of being introduced within Chinese territory in 2009 by doctor Lin Qiang, in China, successfully grow seedlings and bred for 8 generations, simultaneously in recent years, this hippocampus kind is screened fast, disease-resistant strong, the high different family of reproductive efficiency that goes out to grow; The enforcement of a series of cultivation R&D work, make this hippocampus kind that very large market development potential be arranged in the world.By contrast, hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs, large hippocampus and Japanese hippocampus etc. are the endemic species of China coast, cultivation report has for many years been arranged, but according to report discovery in early stage, above-mentioned three kinds of hippocampus to form efficiency lower, main cause is lower in survival rate and the growth rate of mature stage (2 ~ 6 monthly age), also lacks necessary hippocampus and forms technology, as the feeding method of bait, the reasonable screening of breeding facility etc. simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome prior art and form period the feeding technology of (young hippocampus was born for 2 monthly ages to 6 monthly ages of sexual maturity) or the deficiency that method is introduced for hippocampus, a kind of optimization feeding method of hippocampus mature stage is provided.The present invention is based on biological habit and the nutritional need characteristics of hippocampus, by arranged rational hippocampus breeding environment, feed component, bait feeding time, bait feeding amount, bait feeding method and bait processing method, can improve the utilization ratio of bait, meet the needed nutrition of hippocampus Fast Growth simultaneously, effectively improve survival rate and the growth rate of hippocampus, and reduce the bait waste.
The present invention is that the cultivation object is mainly above hippocampus of 2 monthly ages according to hippocampus biological property the cultivation scheme based on long cultivation experience formulation, and advantage of the present invention is that feeding method is easy to operate, and controllability is strong, is applicable to large-scale commercialization hippocampus cultivation.Concrete technical step is as follows:
A kind of optimization feeding method of hippocampus mature stage, is characterized in that described hippocampus be take to throw something and feed stage by stage as the cycle in 10th ~ 20, the first stage freezing bait of throwing something and feeding continuously, the second stage living body bait of throwing something and feeding continuously; The described first stage is 0.1 ~ 10 with the Feeding time ratio of second stage.
Preferably, the described first stage is 2 ~ 5 with the Feeding time ratio of second stage.
As a kind of most preferred scheme, the described first stage is 4 with the Feeding time ratio of second stage.
Select bait according to hippocampus Individual Size and caliber size, described freezing bait is freezing fairy shrimp, freezing shrimp and other small-sized freezing shrimps, and described living body bait is fairy shrimp, shrimp, the oppossum shrimp of growing up.
Preferably, 2 the monthly age at monthly age to 3 hippocampus mainly take freezing fairy shrimp as main, 3 the monthly age above hippocampus mainly take freezing shrimp as main; All hippocampus stages living body bait of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, living body bait adopts fairy shrimp.
More preferably, living body bait adopts the fairy shrimp that grows up, and the body length of described adult fairy shrimp is 0.8 ~ 1.0cm.
Described hippocampus is any one of U.S. strain line hippocampus, hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs, large hippocampus and sea of Japan Malaysia and China.
In view of hippocampus innately preys on the habit of live bait, freezing bait is difficult to be subject to the concern of hippocampus owing to not moving about, therefore before the present invention throws something and feeds to the mature stage hippocampus, described hippocampus is carried out to the pre-processing of throwing something and feeding of taming, described pre-domestication is thrown something and fed and processed is repeatedly to throw something and feed in same place, and attract the hippocampus feed by the disturbance water body, tamed.
Described amount of throwing something and feeding is: according to 3% ~ 5% of hippocampus body weight, throw something and feed, change in weather or climatic anomaly period reduce feeding volume.
The optimization feeding method of the present invention to the hippocampus mature stage, also comprise breeding environment to hippocampus, bait Feeding time, bait feeding method and bait processing method reasonable screening.
The breeding environment of described hippocampus is: comprise the cultivation carrier of cement pit, fiberglass and Plastic Drum, breeding water is sand filter seawater, and cultivation density is 20 ~ 100 tails/m3, half flowing water cultivation, 20 ~ 26 ℃ of environment water temperatures, salinity 26 ~ 34 degree, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0mg/L, pH value 7.8 ~ 8.5, transparency is greater than 40cm, the depth of water 50 ~ 100 cm, and daylight intensity is not higher than 5000lux, every cubic metre of 1 gas stone, water-bed placement corallite and plastic stent are as the hippocampus twister.
The described time of throwing something and feeding is: three times on the one, and 6:00 AM to 7 point, at 11 o'clock to 12 o'clock noon, in 4 o'clock to 5 o'clock afternoon, feed cloudy day in evening in the morning period, and early feed afternoon.
Described method of throwing something and feeding is: bait adds seawater and stirs, and together with water, throws something and feeds, and the water surface is beaten in the front employing of throwing something and feeding or other modes attract hippocampus to concentrate on around bait table; Described bait table apart from pond at the bottom of 10 ~ 30 cm height, the area of described bait table determines according to pond floor space size.
As a kind of preferred feeding method: apart from 20 cm at the bottom of pond, bait table highly is set in culturing pool, the bait table area determines according to pond floor space size; After bait cleans up, add seawater and stir the formation suspension, throw something and feed together with water, scatter after entering water body to guarantee bait; Take and throw something and feed the cycle as one in 15th, the freezing bait of throwing something and feeding continuously continue to throw something and feed after 12 days live bait 3 days; The water surface is beaten in the front employing of throwing something and feeding or other modes attract hippocampus to concentrate on around bait table, shortens hippocampus and ingests the reaction time, improves ingestion speed.
The processing method of described freezing bait is: before freezing bait feeding, at first utilize normal temperature seawater to melt, mince, seawater flushing 1 ~ 3 minute, remove chip.
The processing method of described living body bait is: living body bait fresh water cleans 10 ~ 30 minutes.
As a kind of preferred bait processing method: before freezing bait feeding, adopt normal temperature seawater to melt; Excessive shrimp is minced at random or meat grinder is made the strip muddy flesh, to guarantee most of shrimp particle diameters, be less than the hippocampus bore, then use clean seawater flushing 1 minute, screen filtration is used after removing chip; Living body bait adopts the fresh water bathing to clean after 20 minutes and uses.Must guarantee that the bait diameter must be less than the hippocampus bore, if bait is excessive, throw something and feed after must shredding.
By the above-mentioned selection to bait in hippocampus mature stage breeding process and the optimization of the mode of throwing something and feeding, the obtainable beneficial effect of the present invention is: freezing bait mixes the nutrient component of throwing something and feeding with fresh food comprehensive, can meet the nutritional need of hippocampus Fast Growth, reduce feed coefficient, reduce the bait waste, the sound domestication also can be strengthened the hippocampus feeding behaviour, shorten ingest reaction time and the elapsed time of ingesting, improve bait utilization, reduce the water pollution that bait causes simultaneously, thereby reduce the hippocampus aquaculture cost, improve profit margin; Under this aquaculture model, hippocampus is formed survival rate and the growth rate in period and can keep higher level.
Embodiment
Further explain the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment does not do any type of restriction to the present invention.
Start to finish in September, 2010 Therapy lasted 5 months in May, 2010.The experiment place is Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province hippocampus cultivation base.U.S.'s strain line hippocampus 3 600 tails for experiment, 2 monthly ages, long 55.2 ± 9.4 mm of body, body weight 0.88 ± 0.24g.All by Chinese Academy of Science Nanhai Ocean Research Institute, provided.The experiment hippocampus is through pre-domestication, and pre-domestication adopts same place repeatedly to throw something and feed, and attracts hippocampus feed, the freezing bait of can ingesting preferably by the disturbance water body.
1, breeding environment: carry out glass jar (0.8 m * 0.8 m * 0.8 m) cultivation, breeding water is sand filter seawater, cultivation density is 20-100 tail/m3, half flowing water cultivation, and environmental condition is controlled at water temperature 20-26 ℃, salinity 26-34 degree, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0 mg/L, pH value 7.8 ~ 8.5, depth of water 50--100 cm, natural lighting, utilize sunshade net to control maximum intensity of illumination not higher than 5000 lux.Air-pump inflating, every cubic metre of 1 gas stone.Water-bed placement corallite and plastic stent are as the hippocampus twister.
2, bait feeding method
Establish altogether 8 experimental group according to feeding method, comprise 4 experimental group and 4 control groups, 3 every group parallel, each parallel 20 tail hippocampus.The bait of throwing something and feeding comprises and freezes bait (freezing fairy shrimp) and live bait (the fairy shrimp adult lives).Take and throw something and feed the cycle as one in 15th.Three times on the one.Every day, feeding volume was according to the 3%--5% of hippocampus body weight.Fresh water cleans bait, after the bait chopping that particle diameter is excessive or rubbing, throws something and feeds.Concrete feeding method is in Table 1:
Table 1 experimental technique
the case result
After experiment finishes, Individual Size, growth rate and lethality to the cultivation hippocampus are added up, simultaneously hippocampus ingests the response time (time that starts to ingest from the above hippocampus of bait throwing in to 90%) and the single elapsed time (time that stops ingesting from the hippocampus more than bait throwing in to 90%) of ingesting the statistical experiment later stage, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 experimental result
Annotate: numerical value (mean+SD, n=3), same column data carries out otherness relatively, and the expression group difference that the upper right footmark contains same letter is (P > 0.05) not significantly.
Wherein, relatively R1, R2, R3 and R4 can draw, freezing bait mixes the method for throwing something and feeding with living bait can significantly improve hippocampus growth rate and survival rate; The result of R4 and R8 group relatively shows, the sound domestication can significantly shorten hippocampus ingest freezing bait response time and ingest consuming timely, improve growth rate; R1 organizes with the data of R5 group and relatively shows, when hippocampus is thrown something and fed live bait, the sound domestication can not significantly improve hippocampus survival rate and growth rate, but still can significantly shorten the reaction time of ingesting.
As shown in Table 2, the bait feeding method of R7 experimental group, compared to other 7 experimental group, not only can effectively improve hippocampus survival rate and growth rate, can effectively improve the hippocampus Feeding Velocity, the water pollution that reduces the bait waste and cause simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. the optimization feeding method of a hippocampus mature stage, is characterized in that, described hippocampus be take and throws something and feeds stage by stage as the cycle in 10th ~ 20, the first stage freezing bait of throwing something and feeding continuously, the second stage living body bait of throwing something and feeding continuously;
The described first stage is 0.1 ~ 10 with the Feeding time ratio of second stage.
2. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described freezing bait is freezing fairy shrimp, freezing shrimp and other small-sized freezing shrimps, and described living body bait is fairy shrimp, shrimp, oppossum shrimp.
3. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described amount of throwing something and feeding is: according to 3% ~ 5% of hippocampus body weight, throw something and feed.
4. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hippocampus is any one of U.S. strain line hippocampus, hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs, large hippocampus and sea of Japan Malaysia and China.
5. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described first stage is 2 ~ 5 with the Feeding time ratio of second stage.
6. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, carry out described throw something and feed stage by stage before, also hippocampus is carried out to the pre-processing of throwing something and feeding of taming, described pre-domestication is thrown something and fed and processed is repeatedly to throw something and feed in same place, and attract the hippocampus feed by the disturbance water body, tamed.
7. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the breeding environment of described hippocampus is: comprise cement pit, the cultivation carrier of fiberglass and Plastic Drum, breeding water is sand filter seawater, cultivation density is 20 ~ 100 tails/m3, half flowing water cultivation, 20 ~ 26 ℃ of environment water temperatures, salinity 26 ~ 34 degree, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0mg/L, pH value 7.8 ~ 8.5, transparency is greater than 40cm, the depth of water 50 ~ 100 cm, daylight intensity is not higher than 5000lux, every cubic metre of 1 gas stone, water-bed placement corallite and plastic stent are as the hippocampus twister.
8. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described time of throwing something and feeding is: three times on the one, and 6:00 AM to 7 point, 11 o'clock to 12 o'clock noon, 4 o'clock to 5 o'clock afternoon.
9. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method of throwing something and feeding is: bait adds seawater and stirs, and together with water, throws something and feeds, and the water surface is beaten in the front employing of throwing something and feeding or other modes attract hippocampus to concentrate on around bait table;
Described bait table apart from pond at the bottom of 10 ~ 30cm height, the area of described bait table determines according to pond floor space size.
10. the optimization feeding method of a kind of hippocampus mature stage according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the processing method of described freezing bait is: before freezing bait feeding, at first utilize normal temperature seawater to melt, mince, seawater flushing 1 ~ 3 minute, filter, and removes chip; The processing method of described living body bait is: living body bait fresh water cleans 10 ~ 30 minutes.
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| CN103947582A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for improving pregnancy conservation efficiency of male seahorses |
| CN104381172A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州市相城区盛胡特种养殖专业合作社 | Ecological aquaculture method for sea horses |
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| CN105724284A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-06 | 福建港德水产有限公司 | Ecological cultivating method for mixed cultivation of sea horses and caulerpa lentillifera |
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| CN106818562A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-13 | 天津农学院 | A kind of artificial culturing method of hippocampus seedling |
| CN107006403A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-08-04 | 广西精工海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of hippocampus adult fish culture technology |
| CN107667916A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-02-09 | 天津农学院 | A kind of young hippocampus uses the method for culturing seedlings for freezing bait |
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