CN103429896A - 内齿轮泵 - Google Patents

内齿轮泵 Download PDF

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CN103429896A
CN103429896A CN2011800575183A CN201180057518A CN103429896A CN 103429896 A CN103429896 A CN 103429896A CN 2011800575183 A CN2011800575183 A CN 2011800575183A CN 201180057518 A CN201180057518 A CN 201180057518A CN 103429896 A CN103429896 A CN 103429896A
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gear
pump
dish
gear ring
internal gear
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CN103429896B (zh
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R·舍普
K·勒夫
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0088Lubrication
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C14/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/10Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F01C1/102Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with a crescent shaped filler element located between the intermeshing elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0003Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0023Axial sealings for working fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0003Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C15/0023Axial sealings for working fluid
    • F04C15/0026Elements specially adapted for sealing of the lateral faces of intermeshing-engagement type machines or pumps, e.g. gear machines or pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/10Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C18/103Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with a crescent shaped filler element, located between the inner and outer intermeshing elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/101Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with a crescent-shaped filler element, located between the inner and outer intermeshing members

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内齿轮泵(1)。为了液力的润滑,本发明提出在内齿轮泵的轴向盘(16)与齿圈(2)和小齿轮(3)之间的楔形间隙(24)和/或穿过轴向盘(16)的孔(25),其与所述内齿轮泵(1)的吸入区域(8)相通并且与轴向滑动轴承的液力润滑相似地在所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮旋转驱动时形成在所述轴向盘(16)与所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)之间的润滑膜。

Description

内齿轮泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分所述特征的内齿轮泵。
背景技术
从专利文献DE 196 13 833 B4中已知一种内齿轮泵。其具有两个齿轮,即也可被称为内齿轮的齿圈和以下为了明确地区分被称为小齿轮的外齿轮。齿圈和小齿轮也共同被称为齿轮。小齿轮偏心地布置在齿圈中,从而这两个齿轮可在一个周向区段上相互啮合。这两个齿轮在其之间限制出一个新月形的泵室,其在周向上从内齿轮泵的吸入区域延伸到压力区域。该泵室在两个齿轮相互啮合的周向区段之外延伸。这种内齿轮泵的泵室也部分地被称为排挤室或简单地被称为中间空间或自由空间。齿圈向外限制泵室,小齿轮向内限制泵室。吸入区域也可理解为内齿轮泵的进入部并且压力区域也可理解为内齿轮泵的排出部。
为了侧向地限制泵室,已知的内齿轮泵在其两个齿轮的每个端面上都具有一个所谓的轴向盘,该轴向盘以其面对齿轮的内侧面贴靠在齿轮的端面上并且在其背离齿轮的外侧面上被压力加载。轴向盘的内侧面和外侧面为其端面(!)。该轴向盘应相对于内齿轮泵的齿轮密封并且固定不动的轴向盘相对于旋转的齿轮应具有很小的摩擦。轴向盘并非不透气地密封,在轴向盘和齿轮之间出现泄漏。现在需要在良好的密封作用(一方面)与在各轴向盘和齿轮之间分别很小的摩擦(另一方面)之间找到良好的折衷。
发明内容
根据本发明的具有权利要求1所述特征的内齿轮泵在内齿轮泵的齿轮、即齿圈和小齿轮的端面上具有至少一个轴向盘,该轴向盘在外侧面上被压力加载并且以其内侧面压靠到内齿轮泵的齿轮的端面上。优选地,根据本发明的内齿轮泵具有两个轴向盘,即,在齿轮的每个端面上各具有一个轴向盘,该轴向盘通过在外侧面上的压力加载以其内侧面压靠到内齿轮泵的齿轮的端面上。本发明规定,从内齿轮泵的吸入区域将润滑剂输送到轴向盘和内齿轮泵齿轮之间。在内齿轮泵工作期间,内齿轮泵的旋转的齿轮、即齿圈和小齿轮将液体从吸入区域、即从内齿轮泵的进入部输送到旋转的齿轮和固定不动的轴向盘之间。作为在内齿轮泵的齿轮的端面上的薄膜被输送到齿轮和轴向盘之间的液体为由内齿轮泵输送的液体,该液体用作润滑剂。该过程与液力轴向滑动轴承的润滑相似。本发明改进了在固定不动的轴向盘和旋转的齿轮之间的润滑,该轴向盘在外侧面上被压力加载并且由此以其内侧面压靠到内齿轮泵的旋转的齿轮上。在齿轮和轴向盘之间的摩擦和磨损减小,提高了使用寿命并且改进了内齿轮泵的效率。在内齿轮泵工作期间,本发明避免了在内齿轮泵的旋转的齿轮和从外部压靠到齿轮上的、固定不动的轴向盘之间的混合摩擦或甚至干摩擦,或者本发明必定减小了这种提高摩擦和磨损且减小效率和寿命的混合摩擦或干摩擦的风险。仅仅在内齿轮泵的静止和起动时可能会出现在齿轮和轴向盘之间的混合摩擦或干摩擦,其中,本发明改进并加速了在内齿轮泵起动时在齿轮和轴向盘之间的润滑膜形成。
根据本发明的内齿轮泵既可为所谓的带有新月形部(即通常在齿圈和小齿轮之间的泵室中的新月形体,小齿轮的齿的齿顶沿着该新月形体的内侧面滑动并且齿圈的齿的齿顶沿着其外侧面滑动)的新月形齿轮泵,又可为所谓的不带这种新月形部的内齿环泵。如从现有技术中已知的那样,轴向盘的外侧面可利用来自压力区域、也就是说内齿轮泵的排出部中的液体被加载,以使轴向盘压靠到内齿轮泵的齿轮上。
从属权利要求的内容为在权利要求1中给出的本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案。
本发明的一种设计方案规定,在轴向盘中的润滑剂通道作为润滑剂输送部,其与内齿轮泵的吸入区域相通并且轴向盘的内侧面上通到齿圈和/或小齿轮的端面上。该润滑剂通道可分配给两个齿轮或者设置两个(或多个)润滑剂通道。
本发明的该设计方案的一种改进方案规定,润滑剂通道从外侧面向内侧面穿过轴向盘,例如,一个或多个孔形成穿过轴向盘的润滑剂通道。
权利要求4规定了在轴向盘和内齿轮泵的一个或两个齿轮之间形成一种楔形间隙的构造方式,该楔形间隙从吸入区域起在齿轮的旋转方向上并且由此在内齿轮泵的输送方向上变细。为了形成该楔形间隙,轴向盘具有斜面,该斜面在内齿轮泵的吸入区域中与内齿轮泵的齿轮具有这样的间距,即,该间距在齿轮的旋转方向上并且由此在内齿轮泵的输送方向上缩小。该斜面可为平的面,然而不是必须一定为平的面。楔形间隙在其宽的区域中与内齿轮泵的吸入区域相通,从而内齿轮泵的齿轮当其在内齿轮泵工作期间旋转时由于拖拽作用将液体从吸入区域输送到变窄的楔形间隙中并且由此输送到旋转的齿轮的端面和轴向盘的内侧面之间。在轴向盘的斜面和内齿轮泵的齿轮之间的楔形间隙形成润滑剂输送部,并且可单独实现或与在轴向盘中的一个或多个润滑剂通道一起实现。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施方式详细解释本发明。附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的内齿轮泵的端面视图;
图2示出了图1中的内齿轮泵的轴向盘的内侧面的视图;以及
图3示出了图1中的内齿轮泵的齿圈和轴向盘的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的根据本发明的内齿轮泵1具有齿圈2、即内齿轮和在此也被称为小齿轮3的外齿轮。该小齿轮3以不可相对旋转的方式布置在轴4上。齿圈2可旋转地滑动支承在轴承环5中,该轴承环被压入未示出的泵壳体中。小齿轮3和齿圈2具有相同的宽度和平行的轴线,小齿轮3和齿圈2彼此偏心地布置,使得小齿轮3和齿圈2在一个周向区段上相互啮合。通过轴4的旋转驱动,驱动小齿轮3旋转,并且在它那方面驱动齿圈2旋转,旋转方向用箭头6指出。小齿轮3和齿圈2也共同被称为内齿轮泵1的齿轮2、3。
在小齿轮3和齿圈2没有相互啮合的周向区段上,小齿轮3和齿圈2在其之间限制出一个新月形泵室7,其中,齿圈2外部地限制泵室7并且小齿轮3内部地限制泵室7。泵室7从吸入区域8延伸到压力区域9。作为进入部10的孔通入吸入区域8中。在泵室7中布置有新月形的、在此被称为新月形部11的构件,其将吸入区域8与压力区域9分开。新月形部11与小齿轮3和齿圈2一样宽,齿圈2的齿顶沿着新月形部11的圆柱形的外表面滑动并且小齿轮3的齿顶沿着新月形部11的圆柱形的内表面滑动。新月形部11包住在齿圈2和小齿轮3的齿间隙中的液体体积,在内齿轮泵1工作期间由旋转的小齿轮3和旋转的齿圈2将该液体体积从吸入侧8输送到压力侧9。在本发明的所示出的实施例中,新月形部11为两件式的构件,它的两个部件相互铰接,并且由围住的螺旋扭力弹簧12向外压靠到齿圈2的齿顶上并且向内压靠到小齿轮3的齿顶上。此外,在新月形部11的内部件和外部件之间的间隙13与压力区域9相通,从而也使新月形部11的两个部件被向外压靠到齿圈2的齿顶上并且向内压靠到小齿轮3的齿顶上。销14保持新月形部11,该新月形部在周向上克服压力侧9的压力加载支撑在止挡栓15处。
在小齿轮3和齿圈2的两侧布置有轴向盘16,在图2中示出其中一个。轴向盘16固定地布置在未示出的泵壳体中,该轴向盘16不与小齿轮3和齿圈2一起旋转。轴向盘16以其内侧面贴靠在小齿轮3和齿圈2的端面上。轴向盘16侧向地限制泵室7。轴向盘16的内侧面和外侧面为轴向盘16的端面。
在本发明的所示出的实施例中,轴向盘16近似为圆弓形,即由圆弧和圆弦限定,其中,轴向盘16大于半圆。轴向盘16的在圆弦的方向上延伸的边缘17以倾斜台阶形式的下料部(Ausklinkung)18结束。对于本发明,轴向盘16的该形状不是强制的。轴向盘16具有用于内齿轮泵1的轴4的通孔19和用于新月形部11所用的止挡栓15的孔20。
为了相对于小齿轮3和齿圈2密封轴向盘16,轴向盘16的外侧面被压力加载(图2示出了一个轴向盘16的内侧面)。为了压力加载,轴向盘16的外侧面具有所谓的压力区21,其在图2中以虚线指出并且可在图3的剖视图中看出。压力区21为例如具有新月形形状的在轴向盘16的外侧面中的凹部。压力区21也可构造在未示出的泵壳体中。在该实施例中,压力区21通过大约四分之一圆形的横穿轴向盘16的槽22与泵室7的压力区域9相通。
沿着轴向盘16的在圆弦方向上延伸的边缘17,根据本发明的内齿轮泵1的轴向盘16具有在轴向盘16的内侧面上的斜面23。该斜面23在平行于轴向盘16的边缘17的条带上延伸。在贴靠在小齿轮3和齿圈2处的轴向盘16的内侧面上的斜面23限制出在其与小齿轮3和齿圈2的端面之间的楔形间隙24。在图3中可看到该楔形间隙24,图3示出了齿圈2的一个区段和轴向盘16的一个部分,轴向盘16的这个部分与齿圈2的该区段平行地在齿圈2的齿高度上向外错开。为了图示清楚,在图3中省去了所有剩余部分。在轴向盘16和齿圈2之间的楔形间隙24同样存在于轴向盘16和小齿轮3之间。楔形间隙24在齿圈2和小齿轮3的旋转方向6上变窄。楔形间隙24朝向在图3中以虚线指出的吸入区域8敞开。在图3中,也用虚线指出了形成内齿轮泵1的进入部10的、通入泵室7的吸入区域8中的孔。
在内齿轮泵1工作期间,楔形间隙24引起或改进在轴向盘16与小齿轮3和齿圈2之间的液力润滑:小齿轮3和齿圈2通过其旋转将附着在其端面处的液体作为润滑膜从吸入区域8中输送到其自身和轴向盘16之间。在此,轴向盘16的斜面23在其自身与小齿轮3和齿圈2之间形成的楔形间隙24改进了润滑膜的形成。在通过压力加载从外部压靠到小齿轮3和齿圈2上的轴向盘16之间的润滑膜的形成与液力轴向滑动轴承的润滑膜的形成相似。该润滑膜减小了摩擦和磨损。
沿径向看在小齿轮3和齿圈2的齿高度上以及沿周向看在用于止挡栓15的孔20的高度上,根据本发明的内齿轮泵1的轴向盘16具有孔25、26,所述孔横向地穿过根据本发明的内齿轮泵1的轴向盘16。换句话说,孔25、26布置在轴向盘16的边缘17附近,在边缘17处小齿轮3和齿圈2在旋转驱动时运动到轴向盘16之间。如在图3中以虚线指出的那样,在轴向盘16中的孔25、26通过在内齿轮泵1的侧壁中的通道27与泵室7的吸入区域8相通或与内齿轮泵1的进入部10相通。液体通过孔25、26从内齿轮泵1的进入部10或吸入区域8到达小齿轮3和齿圈2的端面上,并且在小齿轮3和齿圈2旋转驱动时液体被输送到贴靠在外部的轴向盘16与小齿轮3和齿圈2之间。由此,通过孔25、26同样实现小齿轮3和齿圈2在轴向盘16之间的液力润滑。附加地或代替斜面23,可设置孔25、26。为了将作为润滑膜的液体在其它部位处输送到轴向盘16与小齿轮3和齿圈2之间,可设想的是,在轴向盘16的其它部位处设置孔25、26或附加的孔(未示出)。
楔形间隙24与孔25、26同样形成在轴向盘16与小齿轮3和齿圈2之间的润滑剂输送部,其中,在轴向盘16中的孔25、26更通常地也可理解为润滑剂通道。

Claims (4)

1.一种内齿轮泵,所述内齿轮泵具有齿圈(2)和小齿轮(3),该小齿轮偏心地布置在所述齿圈(2)中且在一个周向区段上与所述齿圈(2)啮合,其中,所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)在其之间向外和向内限制出一个泵室(7),所述泵室(7)在所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)啮合的周向区段之外沿周向从吸入区域(8)延伸到压力区域(9),并且所述内齿轮泵具有至少一个轴向盘(16),所述轴向盘(16)布置在所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)的端面上,所述轴向盘(16)贴靠在所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)的端面上并且在其背离所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)的外侧面上被压力加载,并且所述轴向盘(16)在一侧上限制所述泵室(7),其特征在于,所述内齿轮泵(1)具有从所述吸入区域到所述至少一个轴向盘(16)与所述齿圈(2)和/或所述小齿轮(3)之间的润滑剂输送部。
2.按照权利要求1所述的内齿轮泵,其特征在于,所述润滑剂输送部具有在所述至少一个轴向盘(16)中的润滑剂通道(25、26),该润滑剂通道与所述内齿轮泵(1)的吸入区域(8)相通并且在所述至少一个轴向盘(16)的内侧面上通到所述齿圈(2)和/或所述小齿轮(3)的端面上。
3.按照权利要求2所述的内齿轮泵,其特征在于,所述润滑剂通道(25、26)从外侧面向内侧面穿过所述至少一个轴向盘(16)。
4.按照权利要求1所述的内齿轮泵,其特征在于,所述至少一个轴向盘(16)在其面对所述齿圈(2)和所述小齿轮(3)的内侧面上具有斜面(23),所述斜面(23)在所述内齿轮泵(1)的吸入区域(8)中与所述齿圈(2)和/或所述小齿轮(3)具有间距并且在所述内齿轮泵(1)的输送方向上接近所述齿圈(2)和/或所述小齿轮(3),并且限制出在所述至少一个轴向盘(16)与所述齿圈(2)和/或所述小齿轮(3)之间的在所述输送方向上变窄的楔形间隙(24),所述楔形间隙(24)与所述吸入区域(8)相通并且形成所述润滑剂输送部。
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