CN103382963A - 用于滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架 - Google Patents

用于滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架 Download PDF

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CN103382963A
CN103382963A CN2013102746854A CN201310274685A CN103382963A CN 103382963 A CN103382963 A CN 103382963A CN 2013102746854 A CN2013102746854 A CN 2013102746854A CN 201310274685 A CN201310274685 A CN 201310274685A CN 103382963 A CN103382963 A CN 103382963A
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CN103382963B (zh
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R·莫拉
R·雷斯蒂沃
G·斯卡尔特里蒂
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F16C33/3887—Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or ball retaining means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/527—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to vibration and noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F16C33/41—Ball cages comb-shaped
    • F16C33/412—Massive or moulded comb cages, e.g. snap ball cages
    • F16C33/414—Massive or moulded comb cages, e.g. snap ball cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock comb cages
    • F16C33/416—Massive or moulded comb cages, e.g. snap ball cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock comb cages made from plastic, e.g. injection moulded comb cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

用于滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架，具有环形的本体(10)，其形成有七个能够限制滚动接触轴承对应的七个滚动元件的凹处(16)，滚动元件围绕保持架的中心(O)被间隔开，凹处根据如下两个连续凹处之间的角度间隔值彼此间隔：48.3°、48.5°、51.2°、51.8°、53°、53.5°、53.7°。

Description

用于滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架，且更具体的，本发明涉及能够以不同的预定距离间隔限制滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架。
背景技术
通常，保持架被用于沿着滚动接触轴承的滚道等间隔地限制滚动元件(球、圆锥滚子或其它滚动元件)。
滚动元件的等距布置有利于接触压力的均匀分布，并且因此有利于作用于轴承上的整体应力的均匀分布，有利于其正常运作，从而利于轴承的使用寿命。一般情况下，当滚动元件更加紧密时，它们相对滚道产生的特定接触压力减小，并且反之亦然。
为了在内外环之间获得恒定的相对旋转速度，滚动元件的等间距意味着多个滚动元件以规律且相等的频率沿着轴承的一个环移动经过作为参照的给定点。如果多个滚动元件的经过频率与轴承或其它固定轴承的壳体的自然频率共振，在某些情况下产生的不期望的噪声递增，在某些情况下变得不可接受。
在本技术的某些领域，对减少振动和更好声学质量的追求存在不断增加的趋势，例如家电领域。为了避免上述缺点，提出了限制保持架，其具有差异化且呈不规则角度分布的凹处，为了从轴承在更小的振动方面获得更好的性能。
文件WO00/42329A1中已知一种滚动接触轴承，其具有能够将滚动元件以相互之间不同的角距离间隔开限制的保持架。
上述现有技术提供了在滚动元件之间引进不规则的距离，正是这些不规则产生由轴承及与其连接的部件交换的力和反作用的不平衡的事实导致根据上述现有技术的方案的固有缺点。在其它情况下，不规则分布使特定的接触压力上升到过高的峰值，不可避免地缩短了轴承的使用寿命。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务目标是制造上述指定类型的保持架，其中前述静音的特质和没有共振得以保留，同时消除与力的不平衡和压力峰值相关的负面现象。
根据本发明，该目标由具有记载在所附权利要求中的特征的保持架实现。总之，凹处之间的间隔以不明显改变轴承的负载能力得以优化。
附图说明
接下来将参照附图描述根据本发明的保持架，其中：
图1是根据本发明的保持架的平面图；
图2是图1中沿着线II-II的截面图；
图3是示出装配有根据本发明的保持架的滚动接触轴承的滚动元件和滚道之间交换的离心力的矢量和的示图；
与图3相似，图4是由装配有具有等距间隔的凹处的传统保持架的滚动接触轴承获得的示图；并且
与图3和4相似，图5是由装配有具有不等间距的凹处的传统保持架的滚动接触轴承获得的示图，其不同于本发明。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1和2，根据本发明的保持架整体以附图标记10示出。保持架10整体构成为环形，包括位于其底部的环形肋11，以及多个从环形肋11相同侧凸出的保持元件12。环形肋11和保持元件12具有部分球形凹面13、14、15，其共同限定出多个能够保持滚动接触轴承的球(未示出)的凹处或部分球形腔16，如下所述，沿着经过球心的原始圆周P适当地间隔。在示出的例子中(图2)，以其本身已知的方式，每个保持元件12形成有两个分开的曲臂(未标记)。每个凹处的凹面13、14、15共同形成覆盖围绕每个球的圆弧，其延伸超过180°。
在当前示出的例子中，附图示出保持架10被用于其滚子元件为球的滚动接触轴承，并且由于这个原因，凹处16为球形。本发明不应被理解为限定于特定的球形滚动元件(并且因此限定凹处)。保持架可替换地配置有与例如用于限制圆锥或圆柱滚动元件相符的凹处，或其它形状。
图1和2所示的保持架总共包括七个凹处。
两个连续的凹处2之间的间隔由图1中示出的角度α1-α7限定。R表示半径，其限定出保持架的原点或中心O与每个凹处16的几何中心C之间的距离，两个连续的凹处之间的距离或角度间隔能够被计算。七个角度α1-α7具有不同的值，其意味着配合到保持架的凹处的多个滚动元件之间的不同且不规则的间隔。
凹处之间间隔的最大差值不应超过6°。
凹处之间角度间隔的最佳值如下：48.3°、48.5°、51.2°、51.8°、53°、53.5°、53.7°。
考虑到沿着保持架的圆周方向，七个凹处根据如下间隔角度序列相互间隔：
α1＝51.2°
α2＝53.5°
α3＝51.8°
α4＝48.3°
α5＝53°
α6＝53.7°
α7＝48.5°。
不希望就这个问题依赖特定的理论，由申请人实施的实验性测试表明了如图1和2中示出的保持架在静音和没有共振方面展现出极佳的效果。由申请人开展的实验同样表明了，由于上述特定的区别化的间隔，与具有等距角度间隔的传统的轴承相比，得到的结果是接触载荷的变化被限制在+/-1％内。
因此，与具有等距间隔的传统保持架的相同的滚动接触轴承相比，本发明的保持架不会明显改变负载下轴承的使用寿命。
在球上测量得到的离心力，如图3中的图表示出，几乎为零。发现的不平衡同样参照图表(图4)，通过测量由具有以恒定的51.4°角度等距间隔的凹处的传统保持架保持的七个球产生的离心力获得，大小如此小以至于无法对轴承的性能产生最轻微的影响。在这些图表中，力的矢量产生(闭合的)多边形线。由此得出，与具有等距间隔的凹处的保持架相比，装配有如图1和2中的保持架的滚动接触轴承表现出理想的平衡并且不会改变轴承的载荷能力。
通过比较的方法，图5表示的图表示出球产生的矢量离心力，球由具有七个不等间隔的、具有如下(角度)值：53°、56°、51°、48°、45°、50°、58°的凹处的保持架所限制。从图5中的图表注意到，离心力的矢量和产生打开的虚线以及由此产生的不平衡力F，其已被证明对于噪声的目的以及载荷下轴承的耐用性或使用寿命而言是有害的。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于滚动轴承的滚动元件的保持架，该保持架包括环形本体(10)，其具有多个围绕保持架的中心(O)间隔的、用于保持相应的多个轴承的滚动元件的凹处(16)，该凹处根据相对于该保持架的中心(0)各不相同的相应角度间隔值被间隔，该保持架的特征在于，总共包括七个凹处(16)，其根据如下两个连续凹处之间的角度间隔值彼此间隔：
48.3°、48.5°、51.2°、51.8°、53°、53.5°、53.7°。
2.如权利要求1所述的保持架，特征在于，考虑该凹处沿着保持架在圆周方向的连续，该七个凹处(16)根据如下角度间隔顺序彼此间隔：
512°-53.5°-51.8°-48.3°-53.7°-48.5°-53°。
CN201310274685.4A 2012-04-17 2013-04-17 用于滚动接触轴承的滚动元件的保持架 Active CN103382963B (zh)

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IT000334A ITTO20120334A1 (it) 2012-04-17 2012-04-17 Gabbia di ritegno per gli elementi di rotolamento di un cuscinetto volvente
ITTO2012A000334 2012-04-17

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CN105697550A (zh) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-22 斯凯孚公司 保持架、包括保持架的滚动轴承及包括该滚动轴承的设备
CN108167337A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-15 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 一种防轻载打滑方圆兜孔保持架

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ES2871078T3 (es) * 2015-06-16 2021-10-28 Pentracor Gmbh Soporte de pieza de trabajo
JP6923784B2 (ja) * 2017-05-16 2021-08-25 株式会社不二越 軸受用保持器
US11286988B2 (en) * 2020-07-27 2022-03-29 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Single-piece high-speed bearing cage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105697550A (zh) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-22 斯凯孚公司 保持架、包括保持架的滚动轴承及包括该滚动轴承的设备
CN105697550B (zh) * 2014-12-09 2019-12-24 斯凯孚公司 保持架、包括保持架的滚动轴承及包括该滚动轴承的设备
CN108167337A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-15 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 一种防轻载打滑方圆兜孔保持架

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EP2653742A1 (en) 2013-10-23
CN103382963B (zh) 2018-04-20
US8894290B2 (en) 2014-11-25
US20130272640A1 (en) 2013-10-17
ITTO20120334A1 (it) 2013-10-18
IN2013CH01695A (zh) 2015-09-04

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