CN103380345B - 陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其可以使含有机粘合剂的陶瓷多孔体的烧成过程中不会产生破损,且不需要使用氮气,相比于现有技术能在短时间内烧成。该陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑为包括预热区(1)、烧成区(2)以及冷却区(3),通过窑车(7)运载的陶瓷多孔体在炉内行走烧成的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑。烧成区(2)的加热装置使用蓄热再生式燃烧器(10),从蓄热再生式燃烧器(10)排出的低氧气浓度的排气通过排气返送管路(14)返送注入到预热区(1)。在排气返送管路(14)中设置有消耗排气中的氧气,从而降低氧气浓度的燃烧装置(17)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有机粘合剂的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,特别涉及一种适合烧成陶瓷蜂窝构造体的窑车式隧道窑。
背景技术
烧成陶瓷蜂窝构造体等含有机粘合剂的陶瓷多孔体的隧道炉中,在预热区会产生大量的有机粘合剂。现有技术中通过使用可喷出高速火焰的高速燃烧器在高空气比下进行燃烧,通过在预热区供给大量的燃烧气体提高搅拌效果,保持良好的温度分布。除此之外,也有在预热区设置循环风机从而提高搅拌效果。通过这种技术,虽然能使炉内的温度分布均匀,但是在预热区脱粘合剂需要很长的时间,存在难以提高生产率的问题。其原因如下。
也就是说,由于在预热区产生的有机粘合剂气体在陶瓷多孔体的表面燃烧,使陶瓷多孔体外周的温度升高,而由于陶瓷多孔体的隔热性良好,其内部温度仍然维持在相对低的温度。其后,随着内部的温度逐步提高,在陶瓷多孔体的内部进行有机粘合剂的燃烧,使内部温度升高,由于陶瓷多孔体的隔热性良好,外周的温度难以上升。正因如此,在脱粘合剂工序中内部和外周之间产生温度差,故产生由热应力引起的称之为破损的裂纹。现有技术中为避免这个问题的产生,在加长预热区的同时降低窑车的运行速度,使脱粘合剂的工序缓慢地进行。
此外,在日本专利文献1和日本专利文献2中,公开了通过向预热区中注入氮气等,降低气氛中的氧气浓度抑制有机粘合剂的燃烧,在短时间内完成脱粘合剂的隧道炉。但是在这种条件下需要大量的氮气,存在运行成本提高的问题。此外隧道炉还存在在窑车的搬入时容易侵入外部空气的问题,想要将预热区的氧气浓度维持在完全不存在上述破损情况的8%以下,特别是5%以下非常困难。由于这些原因,在脱粘合剂工序中为防止破损的产生,现实的情况是需要花费长时间慢慢升温。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特表2001-527202号公报
专利文献2:日本专利特表2001-525531号公报
发明内容
发明所解决的技术问题
因此本发明的目的为解决上述现有技术中的问题,提供一种含有机粘合剂的陶瓷多孔体在烧成过程中不会产生破损,且不需要加入氮气,相对于现有技术能在短时间内烧成的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑。
解决技术问题的技术手段
本发明为解决上述技术问题,设置有预热区、烧成区和冷却区,为通过窑车装载陶瓷多孔体,将其运到炉内烧成的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,作为烧成区的加热方式,使用蓄热再生式燃烧器,通过设置将该蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的低氧气浓度的排气注入预热区的排气返送管路,使预热区处于低氧气气氛中。
此外,优选在预热区的前段形成预备室,向预备室也注入从蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的氧气浓度低的排气的构造。
此外,优选采取以下构造:在排气返送管路中设置有消耗排气中的氧气从而降低氧气浓度的燃烧装置,或者,具备吸入预热区的炉内气体,在排气返送管路中进行合流的路径,在该路径中设置消耗预热区的炉内气体中氧气的使氧气浓度降低的燃烧装置,或者,设置吸入预热区的炉内气体,在燃烧装置的前段合流的路径,这个燃烧装置优选为催化燃烧装置。更进一步,优选在吸入预热区的炉内气体,使之排气的路径上配备补燃器,使陶瓷多孔体产生的有机粘合剂完全燃烧的同时,除去由排气返送管路注入的排气中所含有的氮氧化物。
发明的效果
本发明的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑中,从作为烧成区的加热装置的蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的低氧浓度的排气,通过排气返送管路返送注入到预热区。由于蓄热再生式燃烧器为将从炉内吸入的气体的显热回收到蓄热器的结构的燃烧炉,故排出的排气的温度相对较低,即使在烧成温度超过1400℃时,排气的温度在250~300℃左右。此外,虽然氧气浓度根据燃烧条件的不同而有所不同,但大概为3~7%左右。本发明通过将这种蓄热再生式燃烧器的排气注入预热区中,降低预热区的氧气浓度,在脱粘合剂工序中抑制有机粘合剂的燃烧,防止破损的产生。
如权利要求2所述,如果采取在预热区的前段形成预备室,向预备室也注入从蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的氧气浓度低的排气的结构,可以防止窑车进入预热区时外部气体的侵入,且对预热区保持低氧气气氛也是有利的。
如权利要求3所述,如果采取在排气返送管路中设置消耗排气中的氧气使氧气浓度降低的燃烧装置的结构,则即使蓄热再生式燃烧器的排气中的氧气浓度超过预定的浓度,也能够将低氧气浓度的排气供给预热区。
如权利要求4或5所述,为维持预热区的低氧气浓度,进一步需要更多低氧气浓度气体的情况下,优选采取通过吸入预热区的炉内气体燃烧消耗氧气,得到氧气浓度低的气体,将该气体与从蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的低氧浓度排气一同返送回预热区的构造。
此外,如权利要求6所述,优选使用的燃烧装置为催化燃烧装置,这样即使在温度以及氧浓度低的情况下也能进行消耗氧气的燃烧反应。
进一步,如权利要求7所述,将从预热区吸入的炉内气体导入补燃器,在使陶瓷多孔体产生的有机粘合剂气体完全燃烧的同时,如果除去从排气返送管路注入的排气中含有的氮氧化物,可以进行非催化脱硝,实现环保的目标。
附图说明
[图1]为本发明第一实施方式的说明图。
[图2]为蓄热再生式燃烧器的说明图。
[图3]为本发明第二实施方式的说明图。
[图4]为窑车的密封部件的说明图。
[图5]为窑车的密封部件的说明图。
[图6]为本发明第三实施方式的说明图。
[图7]为本发明第四实施方式的说明图。
符号说明
1、预热区2、烧成区3、冷却区4、预备室5、升降门6、升降门7、窑车8、吸入风机9、补燃器10、蓄热再生式燃烧器11、蓄热器12、空气切换阀13、燃料切换阀14、排气返送管路15、散热设备16、散热设备17、燃烧装置18、燃料气体供给管19、燃烧装置20、板21、砂封22、排气管
具体实施方式
以下为本发明的实施方式。
图1为本发明第一个实施方式的说明图,1为隧道炉的预热区,2为烧成区,3为冷却区。此外,在预热区1的前段形成预备室4,在其前后通过设置升降门5,6进行交替打开和关闭,防止外部空气的侵入。
含有机粘合剂陶瓷多孔体的被烧成物,通过窑车7运载向图1的右边行驶,同时在预热区1中约20O℃左右下进行脱粘合剂,在烧成区2中1400~150O℃进行烧成,通过冷却带4冷却到常温附近取出。本实施方式中,陶瓷多孔体为堇青石质的陶瓷蜂窝构造体,作为有机粘合剂,其含有甲基纤维素或聚乙烯醇。
作为烧成区2的加热装置,设置如图2所示的蓄热再生式燃烧器10。蓄热再生式燃烧器10是在燃烧用空气的流路中设置蓄热器11的燃烧器,通常成对设置,在30秒左右的短时间内反复进行燃烧和排气。也就是说,图2中的状态A中,左侧的蓄热再生式燃烧器10在吸入炉内气体通过蓄热器11进行蓄热之后进行排气。另一方面,右侧的蓄热再生式燃烧器10经由通过蓄热器11提供升温后的燃烧用空气和燃料气体,进行燃烧。图2中状态B中,左侧的蓄热再生式燃烧器10燃烧,右侧的蓄热再生式燃烧器10吸入炉内气体。通过空气切换阀12和燃料切换阀13在30秒左右的短周期内进行A和B之间的转换。
在上述蓄热再生式燃烧器10中,炉内气体在经过蓄热器11时由于被剥夺显热,排气的温度为250~300℃左右。此外,虽然氧气浓度根据燃烧条件的不同而不同,但大致在3~7%左右。如图1所示,本发明中,该蓄热再生式燃烧器10的排气通过排气返送管路14返送注入到预热区1。此外,当注入预热区1中的排气温度过高时,如图1所示,在排气返送管路14中设置散热设备15,冷却到200℃左右后再注入预热区1。作为散热设备15,可以使用热交换器。
由于通过这种方式可以维持预热区1中的低氧气浓度,在预热区1中进行的脱粘合剂工序中可以抑制有机粘合剂的燃烧,防止破损的产生。其结果是可以加快窑车7的行驶速度,从而使脱粘合剂工序在短时间内完成。
此外,在隧道窑中,需要通过使用推进器等将窑车7推入炉内,此时由于需要将入口的升降门5,6进行交替打开和关闭,优选使预备室4的气氛也与预热区的入口部分的气氛一致。此外,为保护推进器等器械,优选预备室4的温度相对较低。在图1中,与散热设备15串联设置散热设备16,进一步降低排气温度,然后再注入预备室4中。
在预热区域1中,从陶瓷多孔体中会产生大量的有机粘合剂气体。通过吸入风机8吸进预热区1的炉内气体,通过补燃器9进行燃烧后作为无害、无臭气体排放到大气中。以下对这一点进行更详细的说明。
也就是说,由于陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑的烧成区2的温度是高温,氮氧化物(以下为NOx)的浓度变高。在预热区1中,陶瓷多孔体产生有机粘合剂气体,并混合到通过排气返送管路14注入的含有NOX的排气中。其后,预热区1的排气在补燃器9中升温到750~850℃,氧化处理后通过烟囱排放,此时,由于这个补燃器9中有机粘合剂气体相对NOX作为还原剂,有机粘合剂气体的氧化和NOX的还原同时进行,反应后生成N2、CO2以及H2O被排出。脱硝效率为百分之几十的水平,可以进行无催化脱硝。
为提高脱硝效率,可以向补燃器9中加入NH3。或者,作为补燃器的替代,可以在催化除臭炉中加入催化脱硝。也就是说在有机粘合剂气体的氧化过程中使用Pt-Pd类的氧化催化剂,在其前段设置Ti-V类的脱硝催化,将反应温度维持在250~300℃,在进行积极脱硝的同时,可以抑制能量的消耗。
此外,维持预热区1中低浓度氧气所需要的低含氧量气体的量,随着预热区1中产生的有机粘合剂气体量的增加而增加。此时,为维持预热区1中的炉压大于大气压,且为维持预热区1中的低氧气浓度,在需要更多的低含氧量的气体时,如图6所示,可以采取以下构成:设置吸入预热区1的炉内气体,与排气返送管路14进行合流的排气管路22,将从预热区1吸入的炉内气体中的一部分导入燃烧装置19中燃烧,消耗炉内气体中的氧气后的氧气浓度低的气体,随着排气返送管路14中的排气被送到预热区1中。燃烧装置19可以起到燃烧炉内气体中的有机粘合剂气体和通过燃烧消耗炉内气体中的氧气从而降低氧气浓度的作用,优选为催化反应器。此外,由于燃烧装置19与气体排放前设置的补燃器不同,不需要使有机粘合剂气体完全燃烧。对燃烧装置19的安装位置没有特别的限制,如图7所示,可以设置在排气管路22和排气返送管路14合流后的位置,此时,可与下述燃烧装置17共同使用。
图3是本发明的第二实施方式的说明图。图1所示的第一实施方式中,烧成区2中设置的蓄热再生式燃烧器10的排气通过散热设备15,16冷却后注入预热区1和预备室4中,对氧气的浓度不进行调节。但是根据蓄热再生式燃烧器10的运行状况,氧气浓度有高于优选值8%,最优选5%的情况。
因此,在第二实施方式中,排气返送管路14上设置有消耗排气中的氧气,降低氧气浓度的燃烧装置17。蓄热再生式燃烧器10的排气中几乎不含可燃成分,通过燃料气体供给管18向排气中供给燃料气体燃烧,消耗排气中的氧气。本实施方式中,燃烧装置17为催化燃烧装置,燃料气体通过催化燃烧。催化燃烧装置的举例有:陶瓷蜂窝构造体上载持铂或钯等贵金属氧化催化剂,即使在低的氧气浓度范围内也可以燃烧燃料气体,通过这种方式将蓄热再生式燃烧器10的排气中的氧气浓度控制在8%以下,并能降低到最理想的5%以下。此外,如上所述,由于排气的温度在250~300℃左右,在进行催化反应时也没有很大的障碍,但在温度小于250℃时,优选在催化燃烧装置的前段设置有加热装置,或者调整烧成区2的蓄热再生式燃烧器10的运行条件,将温度提高到300℃左右。此外,本发明中的燃烧装置17并不限于催化燃烧装置,例如,可以为常用的直燃式加热炉。
此外,在隧道窑的炉入口部,由于炉内气氛和外界气体通过窑车下的空间相通,优选外界气体不通过这个空间流入预热区1中,或注入预热区1的低氧气浓度的排气不从窑车下的空间流出。
优选在窑车7的行进方向的前面或者后面安装图4、图5所示的板20,窑车下的空间在炉体的长度方向被分割,根据曲线密封原理,防止窑车下的排气流入。此外,与现有技术一样地,在窑车7的两侧通过砂封21隔断外部空气。
如上所述,本发明通过将设置在烧成区2的蓄热再生式燃烧器10中的排气注入预热区1中,在不使用氮气的情况下降低预热区1中的氧气浓度,从而在脱粘合剂工序中抑制有机粘合剂的燃烧,防止由于陶瓷多孔体内外的温度差而引起的破损。因此,相对于现有技术,可以提高升温速度使脱粘合剂工序在短时间内迅速地进行,能够提高生产效率,且能够缩短隧道窑的总长度,能在很大程度上降低生产成本。
此外,烧成区2的加热装置采用通常使用的燃烧器时,排气的温度变得很高,需要导入外界气体将其降低到管道的耐热温度范围之内。由于外气导入时氧气的浓度上升,即使将其返送到预热区1中,也难以达到本发明的效果。另外,在不导入外部气体的条件下冷却高温的排气,需要大型的散热设备,缺乏工业实用性。
Claims (7)
1.一种陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其包括预热区、烧成区和冷却区,使装载在窑车上的陶瓷多孔体在炉内移动,进行烧成,其特征在于,
使用蓄热再生式燃烧器作为烧成区的加热装置,通过设置排气返送管路,所述排气返送管路将从该蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的氧气浓度低的排气注入到预热区中,来使预热区处于低氧气气氛中,
在排气返送管路中设置有消耗排气中的氧气从而降低氧气浓度的燃烧装置,将所述排气导入该燃烧装置使之燃烧,以排气中的氧气浓度在8%以下的状态注入所述预热区中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,在预热区的前段形成预备室,向预备室也注入从蓄热再生式燃烧器排出的氧气浓度低的排气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,具备有吸入预热区的炉内气体并与排气返送管路进行合流的排气管路,在该排气管路中设置有消耗预热区的炉内气体中的氧气从而降低氧气浓度的燃烧装置。
4.根据权利要求2所述的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,具备有吸入预热区的炉内气体并与排气返送管路进行合流的排气管路,在该排气管路中设置有消耗预热区的炉内气体中的氧气从而降低氧气浓度的燃烧装置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,具备吸入预热区的炉内气体并在燃烧装置的前段进行合流的路径的同时,在窑车的行进方向的前面或者后面安装有板,防止窑车下的排气流入。
6.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,燃烧装置为催化燃烧装置。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的陶瓷多孔体烧成用隧道窑,其特征在于,在吸入预热区的炉内气体并使之排气的路径上设置有补燃器,使陶瓷多孔体产生的有机粘合剂气体完全燃烧的同时,除去由排气返送管路注入的排气中所含有的氮氧化物。
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EP2687801A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
MX348387B (es) | 2017-06-08 |
PL2687801T3 (pl) | 2017-02-28 |
JP5879629B2 (ja) | 2016-03-08 |
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