CN103379822A - Lighting device, strawberry cultivation system and strawberry cultivation method - Google Patents
Lighting device, strawberry cultivation system and strawberry cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/16—Controlling the light source by timing means
Abstract
A lighting device for strawberry cultivation, said lighting device being provided with a main light source unit (2a) which emits light having a wavelength within a range required for photosynthesis, and a far-red light source unit (2b) which emits far-red light.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to the lighting device that utilizes the artificial light planting strawberry, cultivation system and cultivation method.
Background technology
Strawberry not only can directly eat something rare, and is the crops that processed food waits a large amount of needs in 1 year.From the winter to the spring, spread all over market one season strawberry be short-day plant, it carries out flower bud differentiation and result from long autumn to the winter that shortens in daytime.On the contrary, can the result in summer, therefore, in Japan, strawberry is very expensive.
On the other hand, because plant factor's upsurge in recent years, therefore, the enterprise of involved in plant factory cause sharply increases.In the known cultivation method utilizing the artificial lights such as light emitting diode (LED) or fluorescent lamp, the amount of light and matter can be brought larger impact to the form of plant, nutrient component, output etc., have launched to be suitable for the research of the luminous environment of plant in various enterprises and research institute.
In plant factor, can control artificially luminous environment, therefore, by constructing the luminous environment of the flower bud differentiation that is suitable for strawberry, carry out the cultivation whole year of strawberry in the plant factor, also can realize thus the supply of strawberry in summer.In addition, owing to can not be subject to the impact of climatic variation, sick worm harm is little, therefore, having following advantage: can realize without the stable cultivation under the agricultural chemicals condition, and, by under the condition of the flower bud differentiation that is suitable for strawberry, continuing cultivation, can realize long-term between results.
But, utilize in the plant factor of type at the artificial light that is put at present practicality, also mainly be the cultivation of leaf vegetables basically, for the such fruit vegetables of strawberry, almost beyond example.
Usually, compare with outdoor cropping, the cost in the plant factor is high, therefore, and preferably by increasing output or improving nutrient component and improve profit.Utilizing the plant factor of artificial light commercially to achieve success in order to make, is extremely important by constructing the scheme that improves income be used to the luminous environment that carries out high efficiency cultivation.
Particularly, long during the cultivation of strawberry, need to count 300 μ mol/m with photosynthetic photon quanta flux density (PPFD)
2Light quantity more than about/s.If continue to give the light of this level, then estimate to reach output to a certain degree, but energy cost uprises, income does not reach balance, therefore, almost is not implemented.
As the example of the cultivated strawberry that uses artificial light, the electricity of a kind of strawberry is disclosed in the patent documentation 1 according to cultivation method, the method comprises: be radiated at 630～700nm and have peak wavelength and basically do not comprise red light above the light of 700nm wavelength.Put down in writing following content in the document: the light that surpasses the 700nm wavelength has eliminates electricity according to the effect of effect, according to individual different, the effect that might cause the long-day to be processed offsets, does not occur young leaves and launches, and therefore, need to make it basically not comprise light above the 700nm wavelength.
The prior art document
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent communique " Japanese kokai publication hei 11-46575 communique (on February 23rd, 1999 is open) "
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
Can think that the invention of patent documentation 1 is take outdoor cropping or indoor growing as prerequisite, it is the cultivation method that carries out electric photograph take light filling as purpose at night.Utilize by day in the situation of artificial light planting strawberry, the luminous environment that is suitable for cultivating is different, therefore, and the opinion that can not utilize patent documentation 1 to put down in writing.Therefore, need in addition research for the optical condition in Effective Raise incomes such as plant factors.
As being used for one of scheme that improves income, can consider to make output to increase.But, as mentioned above, there is hardly the example that mainly utilizes the artificial light planting strawberry, therefore, can not find about increasing the report of the technology of Yield of Strawberry in the plant cultivation facility that utilizes type at artificial light.
The present invention finishes in order to address the above problem, and purpose is to provide a kind of lighting device, cultivated strawberry system and cultivated strawberry method that can make the output increase of strawberry in utilizing the cultivated strawberry of artificial light.
The method of dealing with problems
In order to address the above problem, one embodiment of the present invention relates to lighting device, and it is the lighting device that cultivated strawberry is used, and it is characterized in that, possesses the main light source of the light that penetrates the needed wave-length coverage of photosynthesis and the far-red light light source of ejaculation far-red light.
The present inventor finds, by light (for example, the light of wavelength 400～700nm) and the irradiation far-red light (for example, the light of wavelength 700～780nm) to the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis, can increase the output of strawberry, finally realize the present invention.
According to such scheme, from the light of the needed wave-length coverage of main light source ejaculation photosynthesis, and from far-red light light source ejaculation far-red light.Thus, can in utilizing the cultivated strawberry of artificial light, increase the output of strawberry.
In order to address the above problem, one embodiment of the present invention relates to lighting device, and it is the lighting device that cultivated strawberry is used, and it is characterized in that, possesses the far-red light light source that penetrates far-red light.
The present inventor finds, by light and the irradiation far-red light to the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis, can increase the output of strawberry, has finally realized the present invention.
According to such scheme, by on the basis of the light that penetrates the needed wave-length coverage of photosynthesis from existing light source, from far-red light light source ejaculation far-red light, can in utilizing the cultivated strawberry of artificial light, increase the output of strawberry.That is, the present invention uses with the combination of light sources of the light that penetrates the needed wave-length coverage of photosynthesis, by this combination, can realize above-mentioned effect.
In order to address the above problem, one embodiment of the present invention relates to the cultivated strawberry method, it is characterized in that, and to the light of the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis, and to strawberry irradiation far-red light.
According to such scheme, by light (for example, the light of 400～700nm) and the irradiation far-red light (for example, the light of wavelength 700～780nm) to the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis, can increase the output of strawberry.The effect of this cultivation method has obtained affirmation by the present inventor in experiment.
Thus, can in utilizing the cultivated strawberry of artificial light, increase the output of strawberry.
The effect of invention
As mentioned above, the scheme of the lighting device that one embodiment of the present invention relates to is as follows: it is the lighting device that cultivated strawberry is used, the far-red light light source that it possesses the main light source of the light that penetrates the needed wave-length coverage of photosynthesis and penetrates far-red light.
In addition, the scheme of the lighting device that one embodiment of the present invention relates to is as follows: it is the lighting device that cultivated strawberry is used, and it possesses the far-red light light source that penetrates far-red light.
In addition, the scheme of the cultivated strawberry method that relates to of one embodiment of the present invention is as follows: to the light of the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis and to strawberry irradiation far-red light.
Thus, can realize following effect: the output that can in utilizing the cultivated strawberry of artificial light, increase strawberry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of schematic configuration of the lighting device of expression one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the figure of schematic configuration of the cultivated strawberry system of expression one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the figure of the structure of the main light source unit that comprises in the above-mentioned lighting device of expression;
Fig. 4 is the figure of the structure of the far-red light light source cell that comprises in the above-mentioned lighting device of expression;
Fig. 5 is that expression is about the cultivation result's of " good fortune fragrant (Sachinoka) " figure;
Fig. 6 is that the every day of expression " good fortune is fragrant " and the output of every strain are the curve map of average yield;
Fig. 7 is the output of expression " good fortune is fragrant " and the curve map of average weight;
Fig. 8 is the result's of the fruit sum of expression " good fortune fragrant " and shape evaluation curve map;
Fig. 9 is that expression is about the cultivation result's of " manger's second woman (Tochiotome) " figure;
Figure 10 is that the every day of expression " manger's second woman " and the output of every strain are the curve map of average yield;
Figure 11 is the output of expression " manger's second woman " and the curve map of average weight;
Figure 12 is the result's of the fruit sum of expression " manger's second woman " and shape evaluation curve map;
Figure 13 is the figure for the cultivation result who compares " good fortune is fragrant " and " manger's second woman ";
Figure 14 is integrating representation " good fortune is fragrant " and " manger's second woman's " cultivation result's curve map;
Figure 15 is that the far-red light of each cultivation area of expression shines the figure of the energy cost that spends;
Figure 16 is the figure of estimation volume of the turnover of the expression strawberry that utilizes above-mentioned cultivated strawberry line culture.
Symbol description
1 lighting device
1a key lighting device
1b far-red light lighting device
2a main light source unit (main light source)
2b far-red light light source cell (far-red light light source)
6 control device
10 cultivated strawberry systems
20 strawberries
Embodiment
Based on Fig. 1～Figure 16 one embodiment of the present invention is carried out explanation as described below.The cultivated strawberry system 10 of present embodiment for example utilizes the cultivation system that uses in the plant factor of type at case type artificial light.This cultivated strawberry system 10 is except the light (light of wavelength 400～700nm) to the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis, also shine far-red light (light of wavelength 700～780nm), promote thus the hypertrophy of strawberry fruit etc., increase output.
Need to prove, the present invention relates to utilizing artificial light to use up employed lighting device, cultivation system and cultivation method in the cultivating facility of planting strawberry (plant cultivation structure) as cultivated strawberry.Utilize the cultivation of artificial light to refer to, in the cultivation of using artificial light at least a portion of the light of cultivating, it does not refer to not use fully the cultivation of sunshine.In the situation that sunshine and artificial light are made up to cultivate, also can use the present invention.
(structure of cultivated strawberry system 10)
Fig. 2 is the figure of the schematic configuration of expression cultivated strawberry system 10.As shown in Figure 2, cultivated strawberry system 10 possesses: lighting device 1, aircondition 4, cultivating container 5 and control device 6, cultivated strawberry system 10 is arranged at the inside of cultivating chamber 7.
Cultivating container 5 can be the planting machine be used to the solid culture medium (rock wool, polyurethane, sponge etc.) of putting into compost or cultivation usefulness, also can be to keep strawberry 20 and the while storage of water cultivation tank of culture fluid.
The illumination of control device 6 control lighting devices 1 and air-conditioner temperature and the air quantity of aircondition 4.Strawberry is short-day plant, and therefore, particularly control device 6 is realized the luminous environment of short-day condition by control lighting device 1.Daily cycle (length of illumination period and dark phase) and illumination period and air-conditioner temperature separately of dark phase are not particularly limited, and adopt the known cultivation condition that is suitable for strawberry to get final product.
(details of lighting device 1)
Fig. 1 is the figure of the schematic configuration of expression lighting device 1.Fig. 3 is the figure of the structure of the main light source unit 2a that comprises in the lighting device 1 of expression.
As shown in Figure 1, lighting device 1 comprises the key lighting device 1a that possesses main light source unit (main light source) 2a and possesses the far-red light lighting device 1b of far-red light light source cell (far-red light light source) 2b.
Expose to respectively the strawberry 20 of cultivating container 5, cultivating from the light of main light source unit 2a and far-red light light source cell 2b ejaculation.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the structure of the main light source unit 2a that comprises among the expression key lighting device 1a.As shown in Figure 3, main light source unit 2a possesses red LED (red light source) 22 and blue led (blue-light source) 23 at substrate 21.Red LED 22 penetrates has the red light at peak at 650nm.Blue led 23 penetrates the blue light that has the peak at 470nm.
But red LED 22 ejaculation wavelength are that the light of 640～690nm gets final product, and the red light wavelength of red LED 22 is not limited to 650nm.In addition, blue led 23 ejaculation wavelength are that (particularly 420～470nm) light gets final product 420～500nm, and the blue light wavelength of blue led 23 is not limited to 470nm.
As shown in Figure 1, the face with the opposite side of face that is equipped with red LED 22 and blue led 23 1 sides at substrate 21 is equipped with coldplate 3.Coldplate 3 is the members be used to the heat dissipation that red LED 22 and blue led 23 are sent, and it is made by high materials of thermal conductivity such as metals (for example, iron, copper, aluminium).
Among Fig. 3, the ratio of the number of red LED 22 and blue led 23 is 4:1, but is not limited to this.As described later, the ratio of the light quantity of red light and blue light can change, and the red light of light requirement and blue light in order to shine are as long as suitably change the number of red LED 22 and blue led 23.Need to prove that the adjustment of the light quantity of red light and blue light also can be undertaken by adjusting to the electric power of red LED 22 and blue led 23 supplies.
In addition, the configuration of red LED 22 and blue led 23 also is not limited to configuration shown in Figure 3, can suitably change.For example, also can between the row of red LED 22, dispose the row of blue led 23.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the structure of the far-red light light source cell 2b that comprises among the expression far-red light lighting device 1b.As shown in Figure 4, far-red light light source cell 2b possesses a plurality of far-red light LED25 at substrate 24.Far-red light LED25 penetrates near (730nm) far-red light that has the peak at 730nm.
As the photoreceptor of far-red light, known have a phytochrome, and this phytochrome mainly absorbs the far-red light of 730～735nm.Therefore think the far-red light of strawberry 20 irradiations preferably to be had the light at peak in this scope.But the wavelength of the far-red light of far-red light LED25 is not limited to 730nm, also can be the light of the wave-length coverage of 700～780nm.
Among Fig. 4, far-red light LED25 is configured to row at substrate 24, but the configuration of far-red light LED25 is not limited thereto, and also the row of far-red light LED25 can be formed multiple row.In addition, the number of far-red light LED25 can suitably change, and also can be supplied to the light quantity that the electric power of far-red light LED25 is regulated far-red light by adjustment.
Need to prove that the power consumption of far-red light light source cell 2b is few, therefore, in far-red light lighting device 1b, coldplate 3 is not set.
In addition, main light source unit 2a is also and can mutually physically be connected with far-red light light source cell 2b.
In addition, also can carry red LED 22, blue led 23 and far-red light LED25 at 1 substrate.That is, as shown in Figure 2, a light source cell (lighting device) that possesses red LED 22, blue led 23 and far-red light LED25 can be set.The configuration of each LED of this moment also is not particularly limited, and gets final product so that the mode that exposes to equably strawberry 20 with institute's light requirement from the light of each LED disposes 3 kinds of LED.
In addition, be not to use these 3 kinds of LED of red LED 22, blue led 23 and far-red light LED25, also can adopt the LED by using one or more can shine the light of a plurality of wavelength, the light source of the light of the same wavelength of combination of ejaculation and red LED 22, blue led 23 and far-red light LED25.In this situation, also can realize main light source and far-red light light source by a kind of LED.That is, lighting device 1 also can possess the light that penetrates the needed wave-length coverage of photosynthesis and the light source that penetrates far-red light.
In addition, as the light source of cultivated strawberry system 10, also can use LED (light emitting diode) light source in addition, for example Halogen lamp LED or fluorescent lamp.
(summary of cultivation method)
Then, the summary of the cultivated strawberry method of using cultivated strawberry system 10 described.In this cultivated strawberry method, be in the cultivating chamber 7 with the space in the plant cultivation that utilizes artificial light, to the light (light of wavelength 400～700nm) of the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry 20 irradiation photosynthesis after the field planting and shine far-red light (light of wavelength 700～780nm).
More specifically, will be from the red light of red LED 22, expose to respectively strawberry 20 from the blue light of blue led 23 and from the far-red light of far-red light LED25.
Total photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of red light and blue light is for example 100～400 μ mol/m
2/ s, the ratio of red light and blue light is such as 1:0,1:1,4:1 etc., suitably sets to get final product.The photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of far-red light is made as 10～20 μ mol/m
2About/s.
Strawberry is short-day plant, therefore, in the mode that becomes the short-day condition daily cycle is set.That is, utilize the light quantity of control device 6 control key lighting device 1a and far-red light lighting device 1b, to realize the luminous environment of short-day condition.Daily cycle for example is illumination period 12 hours, dark 12 hours phases, but is not limited to this.
The temperature of cultivating chamber 7 inside is also along with the daily cycle is regulated.This adjustment is undertaken by aircondition 4 under the control of control device 6.The Temperature Setting of cultivating chamber 7 inside is for example 25 ℃ of illumination period, 10 ℃ of dark phases.
Cultivation condition (composition of compost, fertilizer condition etc.) about other uses known condition to get final product.
(concrete example of cultivation method)
Below, an example of the cultivated strawberry method of cultivated strawberry system 10 is described.As strawberry 20, " good fortune is fragrant " reached " manger's second woman " be colonizated in the rock wool of putting into cultivating container 5, and be arranged at the below of key lighting device 1a shown in Figure 1 and far-red light lighting device 1b.As the culture fluid that cultivated strawberry is used, use the prescription of gardening experiment station." good fortune is fragrant " reaches " manger's second woman " is the kind of strawberry.
Light key lighting device 1a and far-red light lighting device 1b with illumination period 12 hours, the cycle of dark 12 hours phases, and the adjustment of cultivating chamber 7 inside is become 25 ℃ of illumination period, 10 ℃ of dark phases.
In order to compare experiment, in each cultivation area (experimental system), change the quality and quantity of illumination light.Total photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of red light and blue light is made as 120 μ mol/m
2/ s and 370 μ mol/m
2In these two stages of/s, the ratio of red light and blue light (R:B) is set 1:0,4:1,1:1,5:2 for.Need to prove, be 370 μ mol/m at total photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of red light and blue light
2In the situation of/s, set the ratio of red light and blue light for 5:2.In addition, for each cultivation area, 4 strains " good fortune is fragrant " or " manger's second woman " have been used.
The ratio of the luminous intensity of red light and blue light is regulated by the current value that change imports red LED 22 and/or blue led 23.
In addition, two identical cultivation areas of ratio of the luminous intensity of red light and blue light are set, to a cultivation area irradiation far-red light (FR), far-red light are not shone in another cultivation area.The photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of far-red light is made as 10～20 μ mol/m
2About/s.
In addition, also prepared to use fluorescent lamp as the system of light source.The photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of fluorescent lamp also is made as 120 μ mol/m
2/ s.For the cultivation area of using fluorescent lamp, also be provided with the cultivation area of shining far-red light (FR) and the cultivation area of not shining far-red light.The photosynthetic photon quanta flux density of far-red light is made as 10～20 μ mol/m equally
2About/s.
(experimental result)
Fig. 5 is that expression is about the figure of the experimental result of " good fortune is fragrant ".Weight and the difform weight of the output of each cultivation area, (total) fruit number, different sizes are summations of 4 strains, and mean value and ratio are the values about 4 strains.Domestication fate shown in Figure 5 is to begin to the fate of the first fruit harvest day from field planting.Ratio all is weight rate.In addition, can sell fruit heavily is the weight of vendible fruit, can sell being made as more than the 6g.In addition, the fruit of deformity is made as can not sells (*), about selling fruit, be divided into following two ranks: with shapeliness be made as (zero), shape is mediocre is made as (△).Use 6g strawberry above and that can sell shape to carry out selling the synthetic determination of fruit.In addition, described average yield is the output of every day and every strain, is the value of utilizing following formula to calculate: (gross yield) ÷ 4 (strain) ÷ (from beginning results beginnings day the fate till the final results day).
Fig. 6～8th, the figure that the part of numerical value shown in Figure 5 is presented with the curve map form.
Fig. 6 is that the every day of expression " good fortune is fragrant " and the output (g/ day/strain) of every strain are the curve map of average yield.About each cultivation area, respectively with polygram show about results strawberry integral body numerical value and about can sell the fruit numerical value.
Fig. 7 is the output of expression " good fortune is fragrant " and the curve map of average weight.Show the gross yield (g) (the left longitudinal axis) of each cultivation area with histogram.By distinguishing this histogram, show the distribution of the fruit size of gathering in the crops.In addition, show the average weight (g/ fruit) (the right longitudinal axis) of each cultivation area with polygram.
Fig. 8 is the fruit sum of expression " good fortune is fragrant " and shape evaluation result's curve map.In each cultivation area, showing how with histogram, the fruit of the shape of level occupies the how ratio of degree (the left longitudinal axis).In addition, show fruit sum (the right longitudinal axis) in each cultivation area with polygram.
In addition, Fig. 9 is that expression is about the figure of the experimental result of " manger's second woman ".The same with Fig. 5, weight and the difform weight of the output in each cultivation area, (always) fruit number, different sizes are summations of 4 strains, and mean value and ratio are the values about 4 strains.Term shown in Figure 9 has the implication identical with term shown in Figure 5.
Figure 10～Figure 12 is the figure that the part with numerical value shown in Figure 9 presents with the curve map form.Figure 10 is the curve map of 1 day average yield of expression " manger's second woman ".Figure 11 is the output of expression " manger's second woman " and the curve map of average weight.Figure 12 is the result's of the fruit sum of expression " manger's second woman " and shape evaluation curve map.The method of watching of the curve map of Figure 10～12 is identical with Fig. 6～8.
In addition, Figure 13 is the figure for the experimental result that compares " good fortune is fragrant " and " manger's second woman ".Numerical value shown in Figure 13 and Fig. 5 and numerical value shown in Figure 9 are identical.
In addition, Figure 14 is the figure of integrating representation " good fortune is fragrant " and " manger's second woman's " experimental result.The average weight (g/) (the right longitudinal axis) of fruit is illustrated with polygram, gross yield (g) (the left longitudinal axis) is illustrated with histogram.
Such as Fig. 5～shown in Figure 14, in all cultivation areas, also shining on the basis of red light and blue light in the situation of far-red light (FR), to compare with the situation of not shining far-red light, average yield, gross yield, average weight all increase significantly.In addition, using in the situation of fluorescent lamp as light source, confirming too the effect of far-red light.
In addition, as shown in figure 13, between " good fortune is fragrant " and " manger's second woman ", all obtained the effect that the average weight of gross yield and fruit is increased by the far-red light irradiation.In addition, about the fruit number, with regard to " good fortune is fragrant ", in all cultivation areas, by the far-red light irradiation, the fruit number average increases, and with regard to " manger's second woman ", in the part cultivation area, by the far-red light irradiation, the fruit number increases.
Can think that making fruit count increase by the far-red light irradiation is because fruit lobe (fruit room) number has obtained increase, has been that flower bud differentiation has been subject to promotion.
Relative therewith, in the part cultivation area of " manger's second woman " (RB is than being 4:1,1:1), by the irradiation of far-red light, the domestication fate increases and the fruit number reduces.
Therefore, because cultivation condition and kind are different, by the irradiation of far-red light, flower bud differentiation may postpone.But the increase of domestication fate may not mean that all flower bud differentiation postpone, and refers to that the flower bud differentiation of initial (for the first time) postpones.Therefore, in the situation of observing with the form of the set of every strain bud, the impact that the domestication fate increases obtains relaxing.In addition, even flower bud differentiation postpones, because the average weight of fruit increases, gross yield increases, therefore, can think to become serious problem.Can think that in addition the illuminate condition by the change far-red light can more effectively increase output, and flower bud differentiation is postponed.
In addition, such as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 12, for the shape of fruit, far-red light can not cause significant harmful effect at least yet, and the improved cultivation area of shape is many.
(the irradiation cost of far-red light and the turnover of strawberry)
Figure 15 is that the far-red light of each cultivation area of expression shines the figure of the energy cost that spends.Figure 16 is the figure that is illustrated in the estimation volume of the turnover of the strawberry of cultivation in the cultivated strawberry system 10.As shown in figure 15,1 cultivation area in cultivated strawberry system 10 is for the needed electricity charge of prolonged exposure far-red light between harvest time are about 497 yen.Need to prove, the electricity charge be based on the Utilities Electric Co. (10 companies) of Japan average unit price, calculate according to the 1kWh=22 yen.In addition, " turnover " among Figure 16 is based on the constructed price that the average sales price of the strawberry of outdoor cropping is in Japan calculated.
Relative therewith, do not waited from 31 yen～785 yen by each cultivation area that is increased in of the strawberry turnover that brings of irradiation far-red light, but the turnover all increases in all systems.In addition, in the cultivation area of the R:B=1:1 of " good fortune fragrant " etc., the turnover that has recorded the irradiation cost (about 497 yen) that surpasses far-red light increases (785 yen).
Therefore, under specific cultivation condition, show that the irradiation of far-red light can help to increase the income of cultivated strawberry.In addition, the ratio of basic cultivation condition (temperature, humidity, fertilizer condition etc.), red light and blue light, between the light period of far-red light, the condition that requires study such as exposure of far-red light, the wavelength of far-red light is more, can predict, if set these conditions for preferred condition, then be expected to further additional income.In addition, in data shown in Figure 15, constant expense (original equipment investment cost) is not considered, but thought if continue to cultivate, then can reclaim constant expense.
(principle that the fruit hypertrophyization that the far-red light irradiation produces and output increase)
Far-red light is considered to exist the possibility of flower bud differentiation being brought impact by the reaction of phytochrome.
In addition, though there is not the demonstration of data mode, confirm, irradiation by far-red light can make petiole and bennet elongation, this be considered to may be since leaf near light source, perhaps because careless bizet is broad, improved by the light posture, therefore, the photosynthesis speed of every strain increases.And for the strawberry of not shining far-red light, be considered to produce leaf mutually covering each other, cause thus photosynthesis to be suppressed.
In addition, because also there is the tendency that becomes large in the leaf area of single leaf, therefore, think to exist the increase because of leaf area to cause the possibility that the photosynthesis speed of every strain increases.
On the other hand, in Fig. 5～Figure 14, shown in the data of " below FR ", in the situation of irradiation far-red light not above the strawberry strain but below the cultivating container 5, output also increases.Particularly, in " manger's second woman ", compare with the situation of shining far-red light from the top, by shine far-red light from the below, the average weight of gross yield, fruit number and fruit all increases.Can think also that thus far-red light may directly exert an influence to the fruit hypertrophy.
Therefore, not the top that far-red light lighting device 1b must be disposed at cultivating container 5, also far-red light lighting device 1b can be disposed at side or the below of cultivating container 5, from side or the below irradiation far-red light of strawberry 20.
By from the below fruit being shone far-red light, except the increase of output etc., also may obtain following effect: can limit range of exposures, can cut down power consumption.
In addition, in above-mentioned cultivation experiments, begin after about 7 months, to investigate from field planting, but in not shining the cultivation area of far-red light, become the state that flower bud differentiation almost stops and almost not bearing fruit in the terminal stage of testing.Relative therewith, in the far-red light irradiated region, the rear flower bud differentiation of cultivation experiments end does not still stop but proceeding.Can think thus also have by far-red light irradiation and make the effect that prolongs between harvest time.
(effect of cultivated strawberry system 10)
As mentioned above, by the irradiation far-red light, " good fortune is fragrant " reaches the gross yield of " manger's second woman " and the average weight of fruit all increases.With regard to " manger's second woman ", by the irradiation of far-red light, do not find the cultivation area that the fruit number reduces, but because the average weight of fruit increases, therefore, final gross yield increases.On the other hand, with regard to " good fortune is fragrant ", the average weight of fruit number, fruit all increases.
Can think that thus whether the fruit number can have different possibilities according to kind is different because the irradiation far-red light increase, but the average weight of fruit no matter how kind all increases, and this helps the increase of gross yield.
Like this, by coming planting strawberry with cultivated strawberry system 10, the average weight of gross yield and fruit is increased.In addition, this effect does not rely on the kind of strawberry.
(remarks item)
The invention of one embodiment of the present invention also can be explained as described below.
Above-mentioned far-red light light source preferably penetrates near the far-red light that has the peak 730nm.
As the photoreceptor of far-red light in the plant, known have a phytochrome, and this phytochrome mainly absorbs the far-red light of 730～735nm.
Can think thus, in far-red light, by near the far-red light the irradiation 730nm, can more effectively increase the output of strawberry.
In addition, above-mentioned main light source can possess the red light source that penetrates red light, can also further possess the blue-light source that penetrates blue light.
By to plant irradiation red light (light of wavelength 640～690nm), can promote photosynthesis.In addition, by (wavelength 420～500nm) can promote the light form to form to plant irradiation blue light.
In addition, above-mentioned main light source or above-mentioned far-red light light source are preferably light emitting diode.
When using light emitting diode (LED) as light source, the life-span of light source can be when seeking low electrification, prolonged, the time of maintenance can be saved.In addition, can utilize red LED and the blue led of the light that penetrates the wavelength that is suitable for plant cultivation, can suit to adopt ready-made LED as light source.
In addition, the cultivated strawberry system that possesses above-mentioned lighting device also is contained in the technical scope of the present invention.
In addition, above-mentioned cultivated strawberry system preferably further possesses control device, and this control device is realized the luminous environment of short-day condition by controlling above-mentioned lighting device.
Strawberry is short-day plant, therefore, by said structure, can realize the luminous environment of short-day condition, can promote the flower bud differentiation of strawberry.
The present invention is not limited to each above-mentioned embodiment, can carry out various changes in the scope shown in the claim, for disclosed technical scheme appropriate combination and the embodiment that obtains also are contained in the technical scope of the present invention respectively in the embodiment.
Industrial applicibility
The present invention can be used as employed lighting device and the cultivation system by artificial illumination light planting strawberry time the such as plant factor and is used.
Claims (9)
1. lighting device, it is the lighting device that cultivated strawberry is used, it is characterized in that,
Possess:
Penetrate the needed wave-length coverage of photosynthesis light main light source and
Penetrate the far-red light light source of far-red light.
2. lighting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described far-red light light source penetrates near the far-red light that has the peak 730nm.
3. lighting device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described main light source possesses the red light source that penetrates red light.
4. lighting device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described main light source also possesses the blue-light source that penetrates blue light.
5. each described lighting device is characterized in that according to claim 1～4, and described main light source or described far-red light light source are light emitting diode.
6. lighting device, it is the lighting device that cultivated strawberry is used, it is characterized in that,
Possesses the far-red light light source that penetrates far-red light.
7. a cultivated strawberry system is characterized in that, possesses each described lighting device in the claim 1～6.
8. cultivated strawberry according to claim 7 system is characterized in that also possessing control device, and this control device is realized the luminous environment of short-day condition by the described lighting device of control.
9. a cultivated strawberry method is characterized in that, to the light of the needed wave-length coverage of strawberry irradiation photosynthesis, and to strawberry irradiation far-red light.
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| JP2011027316A JP2012165665A (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-02-10 | Lighting device, strawberry cultivation system and strawberry cultivation method |
| JP2011-027316 | 2011-11-25 | ||
| PCT/JP2012/052553 WO2012108365A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-02-03 | Lighting device, strawberry cultivation system and strawberry cultivation method |
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| JP2012165665A (en) | 2012-09-06 |
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