JP2017023022A - Rice-growing plant adaptable to extreme area - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rice-growing plant adaptable to extreme area, such as desert.SOLUTION: The rice-growing plant comprises: a solar cell panel 7 provided on the roof of a factory building; a heat exchange device 6 for heat exchange with the outside air, the device being provided in the shade formed by the solar cell panel on the roof of the factory building; a body of the factory building provided under the ground; and a plant cultivation device 10 provided in a closed type cultivation room. An artificial light source 15 is provided with spectral emission characteristics and temporal luminescence characteristics, which are controlled in an enclosed space, and applies LED light to the side face of rice through a light guide plate 16 provided in the same direction as the growing direction of the rice. According to the growth of the rice, a plurality of cultivation buckets is moved laterally and downwardly to increase the distance between the ceiling of the body of the factory building and rice-growing bucket.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a rice plant for extreme regions, and more particularly to a rice plant in an extreme region such as a desert located in a low-latitude zone around the equator.

  Non-Patent Document 1 regarding plant factories based on existing technology includes plant photoreaction, photoreaction spectrum, function of pigment in plant, unit of light intensity and conversion factor, comparison with type of light source for plant cultivation, pulse illumination by LED Effects, lighting design of LED plant factories, electrical characteristics of LEDs, influence of LED wavelength on flowering of short-day plants and long-day plants, and the like.

  Non-Patent Document 2 describes the social background of growing interest in plant factories around the world, the effects of resources input to plant factories (value creation / resource inputs), water use efficiency, artificial light type Basic 6 elements of plant factory cultivation room (1. Highly sealed structure surrounded by heat insulation wall, 2. High efficiency air conditioner, small blower fan, 3. Multistage shelf + high efficiency light source lamp, 4. Carbon dioxide application device 5. Nutrient solution supply device, 6. Environmental control device) and essential input resources (water, carbon dioxide, inorganic fertilizer, seedlings), composition ratio of production cost and example of its breakdown, Condition, Importance of Thinning “Foliar Boundary Layer” by Ventilation / Blasting for Replenishment of Carbon Dioxide Fixed by Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Production and Consumption in Plant (Respiration), Influence of LED Lighting Time , Classification of hydroponics (hydroponic, spray-plow, Cultivated medium culture), classification of hydroponic system (boiled, thin film particle), plant nutrients (essential, trace, useful), pH of nutrient solution, electrical conductivity, control of ion concentration, generation of root rot due to lack of oxygen , Etc. are described.

Patent Document 1 discloses a fully controlled plant factory system that performs cooling and dehumidification using only natural energy using snow and ice contained in an ice chamber as a cooling source, and grows plants in an artificial environment that is blocked from the outside. Is disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 also enables efficient loading and unloading of cultivation trays and plant stocks at the optimal timing, reduces wasteful space in the early stages of growth, increases the amount of cultivation per unit space, and improves space efficiency. As a plant cultivation device that can improve the work efficiency and provide the optimum environment according to the growth, it is possible to cultivate a plurality of plant strains and to arrange each of the cultivation trays arranged in multiple stages and multiple rows A plant cultivation apparatus having a plurality of cultivation tray storage shelves and a cultivation tray transfer mechanism for moving the cultivation trays into and out of an arbitrary cultivation tray storage shelf, and a specific one of the plurality of cultivation tray storage shelves The cultivation tray storage shelf is configured as a work station that can perform the irrigation work necessary for cultivation, and the work station carries the cultivation tray or the plant stock from the outside. Plant cultivation apparatus is disclosed which is characterized in that also serves as a entrance and exit part for unloading to the outside.

  According to Patent Document 3, wasteful space can be reduced without the troublesome work of transferring a plant strain to another tray according to the degree of growth, and the disease of the plant strain can be expanded. In order to provide a growth apparatus and a growth method for growing a plant with high efficiency without any problems, folds are formed in zigzags at substantially equal intervals in the longitudinal direction, and plant seeds or A belt-like cultivation floor provided with cultivation holes for planting seedlings, a folding angle control member for controlling a folding angle at each of the places where the folding folds are formed, and while holding the folding angle at a predetermined angle, A support member that supports the cultivation floor so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction, and is provided on the mountain fold side of the folding fold, and is a light source that irradiates light to the plant, and is provided at a position that matches the growth of the plant. A light source; Provided serial valley fold side, growing apparatus is disclosed which is characterized by having a nutrient supply unit for supplying a nutrient to the plant. Further, a method is described in which a reflective film is provided on the light irradiation side of the belt-shaped cultivation floor to effectively use the growing light.

Patent Document 4 discloses light from a light emitting diode that emits light having a peak wavelength of 280 nm to 450 nm in order to optimize light in two specific wavelength regions absorbed by chlorophyll depending on the growth stage of the plant and the type of plant. Excited by irradiation with light from a blue phosphor that emits blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm to 480 nm and other light emitting diodes that emit light similar to the light emitting diodes. The translucent base material containing only the red phosphor that emits red light having a peak wavelength of 610 nm to 780 nm and dispersed as the phosphor is formed into a cap shape or a sheet shape. The intensity ratio of the peak wavelength of light and the red light and the peak wavelength of the blue light and the red light A fluorescent member that can be changed according to the type of the object, the fluorescent member is a light source for plant cultivation that is detachably attached to the light-emitting diode, using a specific blue phosphor and a specific red phosphor, A light source for plant cultivation characterized in that the intensity ratio is blue light: red light = 1: 1 to 1:10 is disclosed.

  Patent Document 5 also includes a light-emitting light source and a polarization state control member that controls the polarization state of the light-emitting light source as a light source for controlling the growth of plants by polarized light irradiation. The plant growth control lighting device is disclosed in which the polarization state of the light is changed to circularly polarized light, and the degree of circular polarization of light in the control wavelength band of the irradiated light is 0.3 or more.

  Patent Document 6 also corresponds to the upper part corresponding to the elongation / growth part, the flower part and the fruiting part of the cultivated plant, and the stem part or the root part of the cultivated plant in order to sufficiently exhibit the photosynthetic ability of the plant. There is disclosed an electric cultivation apparatus characterized in that a lighting device for plant cultivation is disposed below and light is irradiated from above and below the cultivated plant.

  Patent Document 7 discloses a hermetic plant cultivation factory for growing paddy rice as a genetically modified plant factory.

Japanese Patent No. 5193235 Japanese Patent No. 5441874 JP 2014-060938 A Japanese Patent No. 5651302 Japanese Patent No. 5718715 JP 2014-176374 A JP 2012-217352 A

Masaaki Takatsuki and Yasuhiro Mori, co-authored “LED Plant Factory”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (2011) [ISBN 978-4-526-06603-0] Supervised by Toyoki Furusato, “Basics of Plant Factory Understandable by Illustration”, Seikodo Shinkosha (2014) [ISBN 978-4-416-71465-2]

  In extreme areas, such as desert areas located at low latitudes of ± 15 degrees from the equator, strong sunlight falls almost vertically during the day. Power generation is possible.

  However, when power is transmitted as electric power, since the distance to the consumption area is far away, the “power transmission loss” becomes enormous and is not practical. In addition, the method of converting sunlight into chemicals (hydrogen or hydrogenated compounds) and transporting it to the consumption area via a pipeline is low in loss, but the construction cost of the transportation line is enormous, and the area where it is installed is a religious dispute. It has not been realized because it is not easy to defend because of its high risk and long distance.

  The present invention pays attention to the production of starch by photosynthesis as a means for temporarily fixing solar energy, selects "paddy rice" as a plant suitable for hydroponics, capable of multi-hair cropping, and is a rice plant corresponding to extreme land such as deserts. The purpose is to provide.

  The present invention provides a solar cell panel provided on the rooftop, a heat exchange device between the solar cell panel and the outside air formed in the shade formed by the solar cell panel, and provided in the ground or on the ground, from the solar cell panel Electric power from the solar cell panel that supplies the plant building body driven by electric power, the rice cultivation apparatus provided in the sealed cultivation room inside the factory building body, and the cultivation light to the sealed cultivation room And an artificial light source that is cooled by the heat exchange device.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the artificial light source has controlled spectral emission characteristics and temporal emission characteristics.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, an atmospheric gas control device that controls oxygen concentration, oxygen dioxide concentration, humidity, and temperature, a blower that performs gas exchange on the leaf surface, a sterilizing gas and insecticide gas generator, and a breeding device The apparatus further includes a water circulation device, a useful component control device for growing water, a harmful component removing device for growing water, and a moisture recovery device in the plant.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the rice cultivation apparatus moves a plurality of movable cultivation buckets laterally and downward, so that the plant building main body and the rice farm bucket according to the growth of rice. Increase the distance.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the artificial light source is an LED light source, and the rice cultivating apparatus transmits an LED from the LED light source to a side surface of rice through a light guide plate provided in the same direction as the growth direction of rice. Irradiate light.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the nutrient solution for cultivation is supplied by desalination of seawater.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, a harvesting device and a processing / packaging device are further provided.

  In yet another embodiment of the invention, a biomass recovery device is further provided.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the water level, water temperature, pH, ion concentration of representative fertilizer components, air conditioning sprayed on rice in the representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket, regarding the nutrient solution of the representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket A sensor that measures the light velocity by light wavelength and the light speed density from the artificial light source irradiated from the side of the rice in the representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket, and the flow velocity of air, temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and cultivation From the artificial light source, using an image sensor that acquires image data of rice growth in a representative cultivation pot for each bucket, a data transfer device that transmits and receives data of the sensor and the image sensor, and data of the sensor and the image sensor Lighting of light, the flow rate relating to conditioned air, the air temperature, the humidity, the oxygen concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration, the water level relating to nutrient solution A processor for controlling the water temperature, the pH, ion concentration of the representative fertilizer components.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the rice planting plant corresponding to extreme land, such as a desert, which can produce paddy rice with high efficiency can be provided.

It is a key map showing elevation arrangement of a rice plant illustrated in an embodiment. It is a key map showing plane arrangement of a rice plant illustrated in an embodiment. It is a top view of a seedling cost illustrated in an embodiment, and a cultivation bucket, Comprising: The concept showing the positional relationship with a cultivation bucket, the pot for seedlings arranged in it, the arrangement of a rice plant cultivation pot, and an arrangement interval, and also a light guide plate FIG. It is a conceptual diagram of the pot for seedlings and the cultivation pot illustrated in the embodiment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following, the rice farming plant corresponding to the extreme land of the present invention is simply referred to as “rice farming plant” or “plant”.

  FIG.1 and FIG.2 is a conceptual diagram which each shows the elevation surface and planar arrangement | positioning of the rice planting plant of this embodiment. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the seedling cost and the cultivation bucket. The cultivation buckets 22 and 31 and the like, the arrangement and arrangement interval of the seedling pot 200 and the rice cultivation pot 300 arranged therein, and the light guide plate 16 are also illustrated. FIG. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the seedling pot 200 and the cultivation pot 300. The seedling pot 200 and the cultivation pot 300 have the same structure and different sizes.

  As an overview of the entire plant, the plant outer wall 1 constitutes a factory building body composed of a ceiling, side surfaces, and a bottom surface. The plant outer wall 1 is important for shielding atmospheric gas (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc.) and heat in and out of the plant building and controlling the rice growing environment in a sealed state. , Foamed concrete, ceramics, steel plate, etc.) can be suitably used. In order to reduce the influence of high temperature outside air, the plant outer wall 1 is embedded in sand or earth and sand 2 except for the heat exchange device 6. Alternatively, when the outer wall 1 including the ceiling is covered with a heat insulating panel (not shown) that prevents heat transfer due to air convection and temperature rise due to infrared rays, a plant may be provided on the ground. When installing a plant in the ground, there is no need to cut the underground for burial. If necessary, a retaining wall (not shown) is provided around the plant outer wall 1 after construction, and sand or earth and sand are carried into the gap. It ’s fine. In the case of an area with many sandstorms, it is preferable to install the plant in the ground. Also for the heat insulating panel used in combination with the plant outer wall 1, known building materials (glass wool, foamed polystyrene, foamed polyurethane, etc.) can be used. Moreover, the vacuum heat insulation panel which consists of a stainless thin film laminated film can also be used suitably.

  A solar cell panel 7 is installed above the heat exchange device 6 provided on the roof of the plant outer wall 1 through a space 100 for preventing heat exchange intake and exhaust. A solar cell cooling device 8 is provided on the back surface of the solar cell panel 7 to reduce heat generation of the solar cell due to absorption of sunlight. A number of light-blocking intake / exhaust slits 101 are provided in a shape that penetrates the solar cell panel 7 and the solar cell cooling device 8 and does not reduce the effective area of the solar cell (in FIG. 1, only one is shown for simplification). Listed).

  The minimum size of the plant can be installed in a 1 km square by arranging 10 series in parallel, for example, having a width of about 100 m and a total length of about 1 km in the plan view. By covering the ground surface with such a large area solar cell panel, it is expected that the temperature difference between the day and night in the desert can be advantageously used for temperature control of the plant.

  Seawater as a water resource for the plant is collected from the sea near the plant through the seawater pipeline 3. Although groundwater and water from nearby rivers can be used instead of seawater, the use of abundant seawater is recommended because of concerns over the risk of depletion of groundwater veins and water shortages downstream of the river. Although energy is required for pumping, seawater can be used as a valuable low-temperature source by collecting it from a deep location in the ocean. In any case, it is preferable that the seawater pipeline 3 is buried underground to avoid a temperature rise due to outside air.

  The amount of seawater pumped differs greatly between plant operation and normal operation. In the plant operation start preparation stage, the total amount of cultivation water and reserve water for stable operation are secured. After the plant starts operation, replenishment mainly for the portion immobilized on starch by photosynthesis and the portion lost from the plant outer wall becomes the main. It is also necessary to consider the replenishment of drinking and domestic water for plant workers.

  Seawater transported to the plant by the seawater pipeline 3 is converted into fresh water before purification by seawater desalination apparatuses 13 and 133 including a seawater storage tank, a pressure pump, and an ultrafiltration membrane. The seawater concentrated by the ultrafiltration membrane is returned to the sea as it is by a pipeline (not shown), and a part is used for the effective use of the water vaporization heat and the seawater components such as sodium chloride.

  Crude fresh water (fresh water raw water) 19 produced with an ultrafiltration membrane is cultivated through an ion exchange resin (ion exchange chromatography device), a cooling device, and a fresh water purification / cooling / storage device 14, 144 comprising a storage tank. The fresh water 40 is sent out, and after the components are adjusted by the fertilizer feeder 41, it is supplied as a nutrient solution to the seedling pot 200 and the rice cultivation pot 300.

  A plurality of seedling pots 200 are fixed to the movable seedling cultivation bucket 22 and move the seedlings 21 and 121 horizontally from the germination of the seedling 20 according to the growing stage.

  A plurality of the rice cultivation pots 300 are fixed to the movable cultivation buckets 31, 32, 131, 132, and follow the movable cultivation bucket moving rails 17, 177, according to the growth of the rice stock using gravity. Then move down while descending. If the horizontal distance of the moving rail is 900 m and the planting time from planting to harvesting is 90 days, the horizontal moving distance of the mobile cultivation bucket is 10 m per day, and the growth of the rice stock is 10 cm to 1 m. The vertical descent distance is 1 cm per day.

  The moving rails 17 and 177 are provided with two systems arranged in parallel with the inclination directions alternately arranged so that the movable cultivation bucket that has been emptied after cultivation is returned to the starting point of the same moving rail (total length 900 m). And the trouble can be omitted. The rice cultivation pots and movable cultivation buckets that have reached the end point and have finished harvesting and removing rice stocks are washed and disinfected, then placed on a movable stand (not shown), and wheels for moving rails (not shown) Once removed, etc., it is moved about 50 m and placed on a moving rail in the opposite direction, so that seedlings are planted. This is done daily. A plurality of moving rails 17 and 177 are installed in accordance with the number of cultivation buckets in parallel for two systems having different inclination directions. For example, when 5 rows of 10 m-wide buckets are arranged to form one system, 6 are installed in a total of 12 in the reverse inclination direction.

  The rice stock light guide plate 16 and the seedling light guide plate 161 are attached to the LED and the DC power source 15 in the “longitudinal direction”, and only the light of the growing LED is irradiated to the seedling and the rice stock. The LED and the DC power supply 15 are cooled by the heat exchange medium 63 from the heat exchange device 6, thereby extending the lifetime of the LED, preventing the room temperature from rising, and extending the lifetime of the power supply circuit components (such as a capacitor). Direct current power from the solar cell panel 7 is supplied to the direct current power source.

  Like this embodiment, by making the light for plant growth in the “longitudinal direction”, that is, the growth direction of the plant, it irradiates with a relatively mild light amount evenly on the elongated leaves, especially like rice, Photosynthesis can be performed efficiently. Such other irradiating light irradiation is difficult to realize with other irradiation methods.

  In order to avoid a collision between the seedling or the rice stock and the light guide plate, the interval between the plurality of seedling pots 200 and the rice cultivation pot 300 is controlled and attached to the movable seedling cultivation bucket 22 and the movable cultivation bucket 31, respectively. The moving directions 221 and 231 of the bucket are aligned with the horizontal mounting direction of the light guide plate.

  The air-conditioning blower 11 and the ventilation 12 are illustrated as being performed in a part of the cultivation room 10 in FIG. 1, but preferably prevent water evaporation from the water surface of the seedling pot 200 and the rice cultivation pot 300, and In order to reduce the “leaf boundary layer” related to the efficiency of photosynthesis, the air-conditioning blower 11 is uniformly applied from the growth direction of the rice leaves, that is, from below, and the heat exchanger ( It is assumed that ventilation (intake) is performed at a position (not shown).

In order to perform the air-conditioning blower 11 uniformly, a plurality of blower pipes (not shown) are attached to each of the movable seedling cultivation buckets 22 and the movable cultivation buckets 31 and directed upward from the blower opening provided in the pipes. Air-conditioned air may be sprayed upward from the rice plant of each individual rice cultivation pot. A turbine blade type axial flow fan with high blowing efficiency is attached to the root of a bundle of several blowing pipes, and the total air volume is designed so that the wind speed at the opening is about 10 to 20 cm per second. For example, when air is blown all day at a wind speed of 10 cm per second from a 3 cm ² blower port per rice planting pot, the total blown air volume is 675 m ³ per second for the number of pots in the entire plant, and the blower fan blow capacity is 336 m ³ / h. Assuming / 22W, the power consumption of the whole plant is 3819 kWh. This is estimated to be 0.17% of the total solar cell power generation (2.2 × 10 ⁶ kWh).

  In addition, the method of providing a propeller-type blower fan on the wall surface and blowing the air in the lateral direction is not preferable in that the air loss due to the wrapping of air is large and the rice leaves sway horizontally. The water recovered from the ventilation by the heat exchanger returns to the fresh water purification / cooling / storage device 14, 144 as recovered water 53, 52, 51.

  After the growth, the ears and the rice stock are taken into the harvesting device 18,188, where they are dried and threshed, and the rice is immediately sent to the processing / packing device 5,55, for example, edible just by adding water. It is processed and packed into a shape of alpha rice that can be converted into a shape, and is transported to the coastal port through the shipping line 4. Biomass such as leaves, rice stocks, rice husks, etc. is dried and recovered with the use of outside air dried by the biomass recovery device 9,99, then reduced in volume and pelletized as necessary, and burned in a boiler. It is regenerated into ash containing steam, carbon dioxide, and fertilizer components at or above. Water vapor in the combustion gas is also recovered as long as energy costs allow. If the steam recovery cost is higher than the energy required for seawater desalination, discard it. It is also possible to generate electricity with the generated steam.

  In addition, since the carbon dioxide fixed as starch shipped as rice is taken out of the system from the plant, it needs to be supplemented. In order to carry out photosynthesis efficiently, a concentration higher than the normal carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is preferable, and this is supplied from the outside to the plant by a cylinder or a tank.

  Various sensors are provided at key points, and data is sent to an environmental control device (not shown) through a communication system that uses power only during data transfer to perform various automatic controls.

[Estimation of economic efficiency]
[1] Estimated plant installation area The <desert area> on the earth is 38 million square km, which is approximately 2400 times the paddy rice cultivation area in Japan. By constructing a plant plant with a scale equivalent to 1-2% of this area and cultivating paddy rice in “4 cropping” (harvested 90 days after seedling planting), enough carbohydrates are supplied to the global population of about 10 billion < It is estimated that it can be provided as

[2] Balance of energy consumed by photovoltaic power generation and plants Solar energy falling on the equator of the earth is an average of 1 kW / m ² per year.

Assuming that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is 20% as an average for a useful life of 20 years, and assuming that the sunshine duration that can exhibit this efficiency on the equator plane is 11 hours / day, the power generation amount of the solar cell installed on the entire roof of the plant is The annual average is 200 W / m ² , and the energy per day is 2.2 kWh [kilowatt hour] (7920 kJ [kilojoule]) per 1 m ² . A solar cell with a total area of 1 square km is expected to generate 2.2 × 10 ⁶ kWh in 11 hours of sunshine.

Assuming that the plant equipment consumes 20% of this energy for air conditioning and cooling and 5% for seawater desalination / purification and nutrient solution purification and circulation, 75% of the power that can be provided for rice cultivation is 150W / a m ^2. By emitting this light with a high-efficiency wavelength-specific LED (eg, blue + red) and irradiating the rice plant leaves uniformly with a high-efficiency light guide plate, the rice production per 1 m ² of solar cells in the plant can be reduced. Aiming for an initial goal of 250 g / day / m ² and an effort goal of 500 g / day / m ² with 90 days of cultivation after seedling planting.

In addition, the productivity of rice cultivation in Japan is nearly twice the world average. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the rice cultivation period after rice planting is approximately 4 months, 530 kg / 10a (530 g / m ² ).

[3] Material balance and energy balance relating to brown rice and rice biomass The chemical formula of photosynthesis is as follows when the minimum unit composition of starch is glucose C6H ₁₂ O ₆ .
_{6CO 2 + 6H 2 O → C} 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

From the chemical formula of carbon dioxide, water, starch and oxygen, 146.57 parts by weight of carbon dioxide and 60.01 parts by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of starch and 106.57 parts by weight of oxygen molecules are synthesized (in practice, 60.01 parts by weight of water is essential during the photosynthesis process). That is, the weight of water and carbon dioxide necessary for producing a unit amount of rice is calculated at this weight ratio. To produce 500 kg of rice with a cultivation bat width of 100 m × total length of 10 m and an area of 1000 m ² per day, it is necessary to supply 300 kg of water and 733 kg of carbon dioxide. Since biomass with the same dry weight as rice is produced (the component is the same as glucose), carbon dioxide can be supplemented by burning the biomass.

  The energy fixed in the form of glucose by rice cultivation is 2803.3 kJ / mol, 15.56 kJ / g from the heat of combustion.

  Rice straw, rice husks, and the like, which are products other than glucose, are considered to be almost equivalent to glucose by dry weight, and the fuel heat is the same as glucose.

The production amount of rice (converted to brown rice) in Japan is 530 kg (0.53 kg / m ² ) on a national average per 10 a (1000 m ² ) planted area, and is 8246.8 kJ / m ^{2 when} converted as the combustion heat of glucose. When this is produced in 90 to 120 days, the fixed amount of energy by photosynthesis is 96.63 kJ / m ² / day and 68.7 kJ / m ² / day. It can be seen that the energy storage efficiency of photosynthesis when converted to combustion heat is around 1%.

In addition, when biomass generated at the same time as rice is dried with desert dry air, chipped and burned with a biomass combustion boiler, the biomass production of the plant is 0.53 kg / day / cultivation bucket 1 m ² and combustion efficiency is 20%. And 1649 kJ / day / m ² . That is, 21% (outside number) of the solar cell power generation amount can be obtained by burning biomass. This energy is used for the plant standby power (mainly air conditioning and cooling) and the processing and packing of product rice.

  Hereinafter, the plant construction procedure and each component will be described in detail.

[Selection of paddy rice type]
Candidates are selected from the existing paddy rice varieties, and varieties optimized for the plant factory are obtained during the period required to implement this embodiment. The features are listed below.
[A] Of the pest and disease resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance, and wind resistance required for paddy rice grown in the open field (only keeping the stock height low so as not to fall down in strong winds), only high temperature resistance is important for reducing air conditioning load .
[B] Maximize rice productivity per unit area and per day of cultivation.
[C] A plant in which the average energy density of sunlight is set to 1 kW / m ² and energy required for air conditioning, ventilation, seawater desalination, nutrient solution feeding, nutrient solution regeneration, and material transportation required by this plant is subtracted. Calculate light energy (considering wavelength distribution, pulse lighting, etc.) that can be supplied to grow rice plants per floor area, and achieve maximum yield at that light intensity.
[D] Varieties such as “Indeka rice” and “Japonica rice” are also considered according to the preference of the consuming country and the form of eating. However, if it is assumed that it is processed into alpha rice and shipped, the production efficiency is the first without regard to conventional rice cooking methods (indeca rice is boiled in hot water, japonica rice is cooked, etc.).

[LED and DC power supply]
A light guide plate that uses blue and red LEDs that are compatible with the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll, for example, integrated with a DC power supply on a water-cooled substrate, and the LED emits light by utilizing a refractive index distribution and interference action by a lens. To be led to high efficiency. In order to reduce reflection loss at the interface between gas and solid, it is desired that the light emitting portion of the LED is integrated with a heat-resistant glass material and bonded to the light guide plate.

  The direct current power source of the LED is not disconnected at the time of failure, but is connected in a multi-stage series connection provided with a circuit to be bypassed, and is connected to the solar cell panel 7 similarly connected in a direct current multi-stage. By multi-stage connection of the solar cell panels 7 having a bypass circuit at the time of failure, for example, a single 5V LED pulse drive power source is driven in 200 stages in series with a high voltage direct current of 1000V. As a result, it is possible to reduce the power transmission loss of the solar cell panel 7 and the LED drive power source and to make the DC wiring thin. However, DC high-voltage power supplies are extremely dangerous if a human body gets an electric shock, so it is necessary to provide multiple measures to prevent electric shock. For example, when checking and repairing a power supply circuit by hand, it is performed at night when power generation is stopped.

〔Light guide plate〕
Various known light guide plates may be used so as to meet the requirements of the plant of the present invention. The size of the light guide plate is the length of the cultivation bucket in the traveling direction (eg, 10 m) × the height of the seedling or rice plant (about 1 to 2 m), and the thickness is preferably as thin as possible unless it is bent. In particular, there is no particular problem if it is 5 to 20 mm.

[Seedling pot and rice planting pot]
FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram. A filling body 211 made of, for example, a plastic non-woven fabric or sponge having a high bubble rate is placed in a pot 200, 300 in which a bottom portion and an upper portion provided with plant planting ports 210, 310 are in close contact with a cylinder made of vinyl chloride, polyethylene, or polypropylene. , 311 are inserted. In order to reduce the cultivation room area for growing seedlings from germination to seedlings, the size of the seedling pot 200 and the rice planting pot 300 is, for example, 100 m diameter × 100 mm height and 180 mm diameter × 1 m height (root of rice plant). It is recommended to use an automatic device for “rice planting” from the nursery to the cultivation pot. When this labor is avoided, the area of the seedling is increased, but only one type of rice cultivation pot may be used.

  The seedling pot 200 and the rice cultivation pot 300 are provided with nutrient solution introduction pipes 212 and 312 and nutrient solution overflow pipes 213 and 313, injecting fresh nutrient solution from the bottom of the pot, and appropriate fertilization according to the growing stage And prevent root rot due to lack of dissolved oxygen. Although not all of the nutrient solution introduction pipes 212 and 312 are attached, a temperature / pH / ion concentration sensor or the like is attached to monitor the cultivation environment. The flow rate of the nutrient solution injected from the nutrient solution introduction pipes 212 and 312 and flowing out from the nutrient solution overflow pipes 213 and 313 maintains the dissolved oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution and prevents the growth of bacteria and algae. In order to keep the power consumption of the liquid circulation pump low, it is controlled to an optimum value. For example, when 10L of nutrient solution is circulated per day for a total of 25 liters (L) of root culture volume and root volume of 25 liters (L) with a diameter of 180 mm and a depth of 1 m, about 22.5 million pots in the whole plant, The circulation amount is 22500 kL per day. Considering the pressure loss of the filter and ion exchange resin column for regenerating and refining the nutrient solution, the performance of the 1 kW pump is about 66 kL / 22 kWh, and the shaft power for the nutrient solution circulation in the whole plant is 1 Estimated at 75,000 kWh per day. This is comparable to 3.4% of the total solar cell power generation and is relatively large. In addition, since the seawater charcoal liquefaction amount of the whole plant is 3 kL for photosynthesis, the electric power required is very small. The circulating nutrient solution is purified with a filter and an ion exchange resin, etc., mixed with fresh water 40 for cultivation supplied from the fresh water purification / cooling / storage devices 14 and 144, and inside the devices 14 and 144, and the temperature is adjusted. .

[Movable seedling bucket]
Since the inorganic fertilizer in the nutrient solution is corrosive, it is recommended to use reinforced plastics such as seedling and rice cultivation buckets made of FRP in consideration of long-term durability.

  The number of seedling pots mounted on the bucket needs to correspond to the number of cultivation pots mounted on the movable cultivation bucket described later. In order to effectively use the floor area of the cultivation room 10, a system in which seedling buckets are installed in multiple stages of about four stages is recommended.

[Movable cultivation bucket]
For example, 50 movable cultivation buckets 31 made of FRP having a length of 2 m, a width of 5 m, and a height of 1 m (corresponding to the size of a small fishing boat) are arranged in the traveling direction of the moving rail 17 and moved to an arrow 231 in FIG. One unit of the group (50m width, 10m / day, harvested 90 days after "rice planting"). Together with one unit 50 buckets group that moves in the arrow 232 direction in FIG. 2, to ensure the acreage 1000 m ² in total of 100. A total of 900 buckets (a total of 450,000 cultivation pots) operate in the smallest unit of a plant having a total length of 900 m and a total width of 100 m.

  A total of 500 rice cultivation pots 300 are attached to one cultivation bucket, 10 rows in the moving direction 2 m and 50 rows in the width 10 m. The rice plant pot nutrient solution introduction pipe 312 and the rice plant pot nutrient solution overflow tube 313 are each fixed to a header tube (not shown) 10 or 50 at a time, and the cultivation bucket is moved (10 m / day). ), The connection between the header pipe and the cultivation fresh water 40 pipe is switched every day. The piping switching of the nutrient solution is performed at night when the cultivation bucket is stopped, and a water supply test is performed every time.

  The cultivation bucket is provided with a plurality of blower pipes provided with air-conditioning air outlets, and the blower pipes are switched connection destinations at night and night as the cultivation bucket moves. In order to maintain the environment of the cultivation room 10, the blowing of conditioned air is performed all day except for the time for switching pipes.

[Various sensors]
Known devices such as a temperature / pH / ion concentration sensor are used. Sensors are based on wireless power supply and wireless data transmission in principle. About one temperature sensor is installed per cultivation bucket, and about pH and ion concentration sensors, about one piece per group of 50 cultivation buckets is installed in the pipe of the fresh water 40 for cultivation after the fertilizer feeder 41 connection. Is done. About the illuminometer according to the spectrum of the irradiation light from the temperature sensor and the light guide plate, several pieces are installed per group of 50 cultivation buckets. For air-conditioning air blowing, several propeller-type wind speed sensors are installed per group of 50 cultivation buckets.

[Heat exchange device]
It is reasonable to turn on the LED at night in order to save energy, but it is expensive and requires energy storage equipment with energy loss. Do. Therefore, the heat exchange device 6 is provided with a daytime mode and a nighttime mode, and the switching of the operation method is taken into consideration to perform maximum energy saving operation.

  A heat exchange system using sensible heat of water will be performed to level the heat exchange load during the day and night, and to reduce the air conditioning and cooling energy during the day. In order to avoid corrosion of the heat exchanger, an appropriate amount of crude fresh water produced from seawater is stored in a water tank (not shown) attached to the plant, and daytime waste heat is stored and discarded in the water tank. At night when sunshine is lost and radiant cooling occurs, the nighttime atmosphere (because it is shielded by the vast solar cell panel 7 from the cooling fins of the rooftop solar cell cooling device and the rooftop heat exchange device, than the normal outside air. To the expected low temperature). Heat dissipation from the water tank at night is performed only by a circulating pump (not shown) of crude fresh water as a sensible heat refrigerant. The circulation pump is driven by power generation using a biomass combustion boiler.

  The solar cell panel 7 is provided with a large number of light-blocking intake / exhaust slits, which is useful for heat radiation by night air convection. The light-shielding intake / exhaust slit is devised in shape so as not to reduce the effective area of the solar cell.

[For cultivation and other freshwater supplements]
Crude fresh water is produced by a known ultrafiltration system, and water quality suitable for paddy rice cultivation is realized using an ion exchange resin. A trace amount of metal ions necessary for rice cultivation can be supplemented by providing a column packed with molecular sieves or silica gel containing the components in the subsequent stage of water purification. Incidentally, the energy of the pressure pump required for the preparation of the crude fresh water is about 5 kWh / freshwater 1 m ^3.

  As described above for photosynthesis, the water for photosynthesis required to ship 100 parts by weight of rice is 60 parts. When rice production is 500 kg / day, the water supply requirement is 300 kg. The water content in the rice product (excluding the water in the starch component) depends on the form of shipment. Assuming 15% of the rice product, if the rice production is 500 kg / day, the water in the shipped product is 75 kg / day. is there. It is necessary to supply daily fresh water in an amount obtained by adding the amount of water vapor scattered from the sealed cultivation room 10 to these.

[Nutrient solution]
After adjusting the temperature of ion-exchanged water supplemented with trace metal ions required for rice cultivation, it is fed as fresh water 40 for cultivation, and in the fertilizer feeder 41, the essential essential ingredients (nitrogen and Phosphoric acid / potassium) is added, and the nutrient solution is supplied to each cultivation pot through the nutrient solution introduction tube. About the temperature of nutrient solution, it shall be an optimal value according to the cultivar. In addition to lighting time, it is also known that stress such as temperature of nutrient solution exerts good effects on the occurrence of rice buds (examples where seed-producing modes are difficult to appear if the environment is too good) There).

[Disinfection / sterilization equipment]
Since it is a variety of rice specialized for cultivation in the cultivation room 10 which is highly sealed and the environment is controlled, there is a concern that it is vulnerable to pest damage compared to rice in the open ground. It should also be avoided that sputum and algae are generated in the nutrient solution. With regard to the delivery of articles to the cultivation room 10 and the entry and exit of people, careful attention comparable to that of a bioclean room is required. In particular, pathogens, spider spores, resting algae and pest eggs must be prevented from entering through clothes and shoes. Moreover, in order to repeatedly use the cultivation pots 200 and 300 that have been cultivated, it is recommended to perform disinfection and sterilization. For example, a method of heating and washing with a hypochlorous acid aqueous solution is preferable.

  It is also recommended to install an ultraviolet sterilizer and ozone oxidation water purifier at the key points of the cultivation fresh water production equipment. As described above, since the amount of fresh water to be newly supplied to the running plant, particularly the nutrient solution, is relatively small, careful processing is possible.

  As an indirect disinfection / sterilization measure, a technique of applying antibacterial coating to the inner wall of the cultivation room 10 can be taken.

  Moreover, since it is said that copper ion has an antibacterial / antifungal function, a copper fine wire or the like may be mixed into the filling bodies 211 and 311 in the cultivation pots 200 and 300. In addition, about 0.28 ppm of copper is present in rice as a trace amount of metal.

[Seawater pipeline]
When the plant is started up, the amount of fresh water to be secured for cultivation is about 300 t. To this, crude fresh water fed to a sensible heat storage water tank and crude fresh water for cement for building construction are added. The required amount of seawater after the plant starts running is about several m ³ .

  When constructing a new plant in the adjacent land, the seawater pipeline is extended and used, but even in that case, it can be distributed and supplied during the construction period. There is no concern that the size of the liquid pump will be enormous.

(Fire countermeasures)
Combustible inside the plant is a plastic cultivation pot. Since this is filled with nutrient solution, there is little risk of fire except in the regeneration process. FRP is difficult to burn. What should be noted is a cable fire due to leakage in the high-voltage DC transmission facility. Fire extinguishing is not easy, so nonflammable or flame retardant cable jackets are recommended. In addition, if leakage occurs at two locations on the DC power transmission line, cable damage will occur. Therefore, it is recommended to install a leakage detection circuit.

[Shipment product form]
The shipping mode of rice is selected according to the national circumstances, preference and usage pattern of the shipping destination, and depending on whether or not the amount of water going out of the plant as a product is minimized. For example, the following forms are assumed. In addition, “Alpha rice”, which is one option of the shipping form, has been used in a conventional manufacturing method in which a conventional rice cooking process is followed by a drying process, which has been difficult to recommend from the viewpoint of energy saving. A method of mechanically friction-grinding rice having a water content of about 12% at around 120 ° C. and converting it into a mechanochemical in a very short time has been developed (Japanese Patent No. 5503585).

  (A) The form of shipping as alpha rice powder (water content of about 12%) that can be edible simply by adding water at room temperature is suitable for countries lacking food and energy. In cultivation, varieties and cultivation conditions are set with an emphasis on productivity rather than taste. For the temperature rise during processing, the heat of the biomass combustion boiler linked to the biomass recovery devices 9 and 99 is used. In the case of a processing amount of 500 kg / day, the energy required for the motor power of the friction grinding device is at most several tens of kWh.

  (B) Since brown rice is protected by rice husk, rice bran is suitable for the conventional shipping form. However, it is not suitable for the concept of the plant of this embodiment in which threshing is concentrated and effectively used as biomass.

  (C) Threshed rice (brown rice) is suitable for shipment to countries where brown rice food and rice milling facilities are available. Packing to protect brown rice from drying and pests and pests is essential.

  (D) Rice polishing is usually performed immediately before consumption. When rice milling is carried out in the plant, “rice bran”, which is usually difficult to recover, can be reused as biomass. If there is a packaging material or a packaging method that is energy-saving and excellent in hermeticity, it can be one of the shipment forms of the plant of this embodiment.

  (E) Cooked rice sealed in a sterile state is not suitable for the shipping form of the plant of this embodiment because of the large energy required for cooking. Convenient as food for the workers of this plant.

[Shipping packing]
“Returnable containers” are unsuitable due to difficulties in recovering beyond the country.

  Tin cans and thermoplastic films that are relatively easy to recover and reuse after use, and those having high oxygen and water barrier properties are preferably used. Although steel cans are relatively heavy, they have excellent long-term sealability, and in countries where food is scarce and energy is scarce, a high recovery rate is expected due to reuse or a charge as a valuable material.

[Sensors]
The extreme land corresponding rice cultivation plant of this embodiment may be provided with the sensor which measures the following physical quantity.
(1) Water level, water temperature, pH of representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket, ion concentration of representative fertilizer components (2) Flow rate of air-conditioning air sprayed on rice plant in representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket, temperature, Humidity, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration (3) Light intensity and light speed density according to wavelength of LED cultivation light irradiated from the side of the rice plant in the representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket (4) In the representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket Image data of rice growth

[Plant control by collecting and analyzing sensor data]
Moreover, you may provide the data transfer apparatus which transmits / receives the data of these various sensors by wire or radio | wireless, and the computer which controls automatically the lighting time according to the wavelength of LED cultivation light, etc. using the data and image data of various sensors. The computer includes a processor, a program memory such as a ROM, a working memory such as a RAM, a storage device such as a hard disk, an optical disk, and a semiconductor memory, an input / output interface, a communication interface, an input device, and an output device. The processor inputs various sensors and image data from the data transfer device according to the processing program stored in the program memory, outputs a control signal to the LED light source using these data, and controls the lighting time of the LED cultivation light, etc. To do.

[Work environment improvement for plant workers]
During the day, the inside of the planting room 10 of the plant is filled with LED light having a spectral distribution significantly different from that of normal illumination such as white light. For example, electronic cameras and video cameras that use solid-state imaging devices that are supposed to be used with normal light may not function correctly, and red light may be overexposed and cause halation. The same adverse effects are expected for the naked eye of the human body, so avoid working for a long time in a plant under LED lighting, and work at night when the LED light is turned off only at the work place, at night when LED irradiation is stopped. Is recommended. In order to reduce the air-conditioning load for workers, the work environment and recreational facilities will be maintained so that the day and night are reversed, the person goes to sleep during the day, and performs regular work at night. When it is necessary to work under LED lighting, it is preferable to turn on local working light such as goggles that block blue and red LED light and white light headlamps.

  In the plant cultivation room 10, workers are required to wear dust-free clothing to prevent rice pests. Corresponding to this, it is recommended to strengthen the cooling in the work execution section in order to complete the work environment.

  In any case, the work environment will be complete so that work without mistakes and accidents can be carried out regularly in a special environment for a long time in extreme areas.

[Plant construction procedure]
The extreme area-capable rice farming plant of the present embodiment may be constructed, prepared for operation, and commissioned according to the following procedure to start full operation.
[1] First, as common facilities for constructing and operating the plant group, harbor facilities, equipment and material stock yards, cement factories, common desalination facilities, common solar power generation facilities, wind power generation on the neighboring coast Building equipment and administrative office equipment. Employee accommodation, cafeteria, and recreational facilities will be installed near key plants.
[2] Lay the seawater pipeline and shipping line for the plant at the plant construction site.
[3] Temporary, trial operation and full-scale operation of solar power generation equipment for the plant at the plant construction site.
[4] The same seawater desalination facility is installed, commissioned, and fully operational.
[5] Use the shipping line to carry in materials, and carry in steel frames, reinforcing bars and cement powder for plant building construction.
[6] The plant building is constructed by mixing cement from cement powder and surrounding sand using the produced fresh water. Dig the sand and use it as cement to extend the building and bury the building smoothly.
[7] The building is extended, for example, every 100 m in the longitudinal direction, and a solar cell panel and a heat exchange device are installed / tested / actually operated on the roof of the building.
[8] Installation and trial operation of air-conditioned equipment in a partially constructed building.
[9] Carry pots and cultivation buckets and install.
[10] Fill the outer periphery of the building (excluding the rooftop) with earth and sand.
[11] Checking and repairing water vapor confinement performance, trial operation of various devices and sensors, sterilization and sterilization of insect pests in the cultivation room, circulation test of nutrient solution, environmental control of the cultivation room Conducted trial run and adjustment.
[12] Seed planting on seedbed, germination, seedling cultivation, transfer to cultivation bucket, rice plant cultivation started.
[13] First harvest, processing and packaging.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, it adds that the following elemental technologies are included in this embodiment.

(1) Facilities and methods for efficiently converting strong sunlight during the daytime into electric power and utilizing it as artificial light for plant cultivation,
(2) Facilities and methods for efficiently converting strong sunlight during the daytime into electric power and at the same time efficiently managing the temperature in the plant factory,
(3) Highly sealed plant factory and its operating system to use seawater transported from the sea without waste for hydroponic and photosynthesis,
(4) Cultivation bucket and its operating system that efficiently handle the growth of rice stock from seedling to harvest,
(5) A light source device that efficiently responds to the growth of rice plants and a method for controlling wavelength, deflection, and irradiation interval,
(6) Facilities and operating systems that prevent the effects of viruses, pathogens, pests, moths and algae that hinder the growth of rice
(7) An apparatus and operation system for effectively reusing biomass (roots, straw, rice husks) generated at the same time as harvested rice and recovering water, carbon dioxide, fertilizer elements and energy,
(8) Means and method for minimizing the water and energy required for cooking to make edible rice and presenting the shipping form for efficiently transporting and storing it, and a facility for the installation in the plant factory ,
(9) High-efficiency blower and operation system for performing ventilation in the cultivation room with energy saving,
(10) Anti-corrosion measures for factory equipment against hydroponic liquid containing fertilizer components with corrosive properties,
(11) Measures for workers working in a lighting environment different from natural light.

1 plant outer wall, 2 sand or earth and sand, 3 seawater pipeline, 4 shipping line,
5,55 Processing / packaging equipment, 6 Heat exchange equipment,
7 solar panel, 8 solar battery cooling device,
9,99 Biomass recovery device, 10 cultivation room,
11 Air conditioning ventilation, 12 Ventilation,
13,133 seawater desalination equipment,
14,144 Fresh water purification / cooling / storage device,
15 LED and DC power supply, 16 light guide plate for rice plant,
17,177 Movable cultivation bucket moving rail,
18,188 Harvester, 19 Freshwater raw water,
20 seedlings, 21,121 seedlings, 22 movable seedling cultivation buckets,
30 Paddy rice, 31, 32, 131, 132 Movable cultivation bucket,
40 fresh water for cultivation, 41 fertilizer feeder, 51-53 recovered water,
61-66 heat exchange medium, 100 space, 101 light-blocking intake / exhaust slit,
161 light guide plate for seedlings,
200 seedling pot, 201 seedling just after germination, 202 seedling just before planting,
210 seedling pot planting port, 211 seedling pot filling,
212 Seedling pot nourishing liquid introduction pipe (attached to temperature sensor etc.),
213 seedling pot nutrient solution overflow pipe,
214 Seedling pot nourishing water level,
221 Movement direction of movable seedling cultivation bucket,
231, 232 Movement direction of movable cultivation bucket,
300 rice planting pot, 301 rice planting just after planting,
302 Rice stock immediately after the start of rice growth, 303 Rice stock during growth,
304 Rice plants and ears just before harvesting,
310 Rice planting pot planting port, 311 rice plant pot filling,
312 Rice plant pot nutrient solution introduction tube (attached to temperature sensor, etc.)
313 rice plant pot nutrient solution overflow pipe,
314 Rice pot water level.

Claims (9)

A solar panel provided on the roof;
A heat exchange device with the outside air provided in the shade formed by the solar cell panel on the roof;
A factory building body that is provided in the ground or on the ground and is driven by power from the solar panel,
Rice cultivation apparatus provided in a closed cultivation room inside the factory building body,
An artificial light source that supplies the cultivation light to the sealed cultivation room, is driven by power from the solar cell panel, and is cooled by the heat exchange device;
A rice plant for extreme areas, characterized by comprising Spectral luminescence characteristics and temporal luminescence characteristics are controlled by the artificial light source. An atmospheric gas control device for controlling oxygen concentration, oxygen dioxide concentration, humidity and temperature;
A blower that performs gas exchange on the surface of the leaves;
A sterilizing gas and insecticidal gas generator;
A water circulation device for breeding,
A useful component control device for water for cultivating,
A harmful component removal device for water for cultivation,
A water recovery device in the plant;
The extreme rice planting plant according to claim 1, further comprising:   The said rice cultivation apparatus extends the distance between the ceiling of the said factory building main body and a rice-growing bucket according to the growth of a rice by moving a some movable cultivation bucket to a horizontal direction and the downward direction. Rice farming plant for extreme land according to any one. The artificial light source is an LED light source,
The said rice cultivation apparatus irradiates the LED light from the said LED light source to the side surface of a rice through the light guide plate provided in the same direction as the growth direction of rice. A rice plant for extreme areas.   The rice cultivation plant for extreme areas according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the nutrient solution for cultivation is supplied by desalination of seawater.   The rice cultivation plant for extreme land according to claim 1, further comprising a harvesting device and a processing / packaging device.   The extreme land-compatible rice plant according to claim 1, further comprising a biomass recovery device. Water level, water temperature, pH, ion concentration of typical fertilizer components, the flow rate of air-conditioned air sprayed on rice in the typical cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket, temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, A sensor that measures the light amount by wavelength and the light speed density of the light from the artificial light source irradiated from the side surface to the rice in the representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket,
An image sensor for acquiring image data of the growth of rice in a representative cultivation pot for each cultivation bucket;
A data transfer device for transmitting and receiving data of the sensor and the image sensor;
Using the sensor and image sensor data,
Lighting of light from the artificial light source, the flow velocity relating to conditioned air, the air temperature, the humidity, the oxygen concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration, the water level relating to nutrient solution, the water temperature, the pH, and the ion concentration of the representative fertilizer component A processor for controlling
A rice planting plant for extreme land according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising: