JP2009125007A - Method for raising, method for production, and lighting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method etc., for raising with a lighting apparatus capable of simply emitting light at wavelengths of sufficiently different intensities by using LEDs more promoting electric power-saving, and suitable even for special uses such as raising etc., of commercial plants. <P>SOLUTION: The method for raising with the lighting apparatus in which a light-emitting module 9 capable of irradiating cultivated plants 3 with light is arranged through a circuit substrate 16 attached to the bottom 15a of an aluminum housing 15 is provided. The light-emitting module 9 includes three surface-directed type LED light-emitting elements 11a, 11b, and 11c for emitting red light in a first wavelength region, and an LED light-emitting element 11d for emitting blue light in a second wavelength region. The surface-directed type LED light-emitting elements 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are mutually adjacently arranged, and mutually independently controlled. The plants are irradiated with the light serving as supplementary light at predetermined timings. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a growing method, a production method, and a lighting device, and more particularly to a growing method using a lighting device in which a light emitter module capable of irradiating light to a plant is arranged on a substrate.

  There exists an illuminating device used for plant growth as described in Patent Document 1. The illumination device specifically described in Patent Document 1 includes a light-emitting device such as a fluorescent lamp in which a light source is disposed so as to emit light of two or more colors radially with respect to the central axis. Rotates around the central axis, and the wavelength of the light to be irradiated on the irradiated object called a plant can be selected. Patent Document 1 also shows that LEDs are used instead of fluorescent lamps.

  In addition, the inventor of the present application creates an LED incubator for an education site or a research site as shown in FIG. 16 in addition to a plant cultivation LED illuminator for an education site or a research site as shown in FIG. Yes. FIG. 15B and FIG. 16B also show controllers.

  In addition, as an illuminating device using LED, there exists a thing as shown in patent document 2. FIG.

JP 2007-188799 A JP 2007-41622 A

  However, in the illumination device described in Patent Document 1, if it is rotated to irradiate light of different wavelengths, a rotation mechanism is indispensable, and not only there are structural restrictions, but also the positional relationship between the light emitting device and the irradiated object There were also large restrictions.

  Further, the plant cultivation LED illuminator and the LED incubator by the inventors of the present application are not for commercial or mass production because they are educational and research devices. In terms of commercial and mass production, so-called bullet-type LEDs were used, and there were still insufficient points. In other words, in the bullet-type LED, a small amount of light from the chip is collected by a dome lens to give directionality. As a result, if the directivity is narrowed because the intensity of light emission is insufficient, it will be possible to increase the brightness, but when the equipment is enlarged and multiple cannonball LEDs are arranged for commercial use etc. However, there was a problem that unevenness of light became obvious.

  Patent Document 2 shows the case of a bullet-type LED and a surface-mount type LED, but the LED of the same color is simply arranged to emit light, and is insufficient for uses such as plant growth. Met.

  Therefore, the present invention uses a lighting device that can easily emit light of different wavelengths with sufficient intensity, and that is also suitable for special uses such as growing commercial plants, by an LED that further promotes power saving. The purpose is to provide a training method and the like.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a growing method using a lighting device in which a light emitter module capable of irradiating light to a plant is disposed on a substrate, wherein the light emitter module emits light in a first wavelength range. The light emitting device includes at least a first LED light emitting element that emits light and a second LED light emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength range, and the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element are adjacent to each other. The light emitted from the first LED light emitting element is emitted to the plant at a predetermined timing, and the second LED light emitting element emits light. Or the plant is irradiated with light emitted by the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element.

  The invention according to claim 2 is a production method in which a light emitting module capable of irradiating light on a plant is grown by a lighting device arranged on a substrate to produce a natural fruit, the light emitting module comprising: At least a first LED light emitting element that emits light in a first wavelength band and a second LED light emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength band, and the first LED light emitting element and the first LED light emitting element The two LED light emitting elements are disposed adjacent to each other and controlled independently from each other. At a predetermined timing, the plant emits light emitted from the first LED light emitting element, The light emitted from the LED light emitting element is irradiated on the plant, or the light emitted from the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element is irradiated on the plant for photosynthesis of the plant. In addition, it promotes photomorphogenesis and produces natural fruits.

  The invention according to claim 3 is an illumination device in which a light emitter module is disposed on a substrate, the light emitter module including a first LED light emitting element that emits light in a first wavelength region and a second wavelength. At least a second LED light emitting element that emits light in the region, and the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element are disposed adjacent to each other.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the first LED light emitting element emits red light, and the second LED light emitting element emits blue light, and is disposed in the light emitter module. The area ratio of the light emitting surface is adjusted to 3: 1 with respect to the number of the first LED light emitting elements and the second LED light emitting elements.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the third or fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided control means for independently controlling light emission of the first LED light emitting element and light emission of the second LED light emitting element.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the third to fifth aspects, the directivity of light emission of the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element is a surface directivity.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in any one of the third to sixth aspects, the substrate has a substantially U-shaped cross section with a predetermined taper angle, and the light emitter module is disposed at the bottom of the substrate. Be placed.

  In an invention according to claim 8, in claim 3 or 7, the substrate is a metal base substrate.

  In the invention according to Claim 9, in Claim 3, 660 nm is included in a wavelength range of light emitted from the first LED light emitting element, and 470 nm is included in a second wavelength range emitted from the second LED light emitting element. Is included. In the case where the lighting device is used for plant growth, from the viewpoint of photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis, the wavelength region emitted by the first LED light emitting element is preferably in the range of 625 nm to 690 nm, and more preferably 640 nm. The wavelength range in which the second LED light emitting element emits light is preferably in the range of 420 nm to 490 nm, and more preferably in the range of 460 nm to 470 nm. As a result, the plant can be irradiated with red light having a great effect on photosynthesis, and the plant can be irradiated with blue light having a great effect on normal morphogenesis of leaves.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the light emitting module includes the first LED light emitting element that emits light in the first wavelength range and the second LED light emitting element that emits light in the second wavelength range. At least the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element are disposed adjacent to each other, controlled independently of each other, and the first LED light emitting element emits light at a predetermined timing. Irradiating plants with light, irradiating plants with light emitted by the second LED light emitting element, or irradiating plants with light generated by the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element. Thus, it is possible to easily obtain a result in a special application such as growing a commercial plant by using light of different wavelengths with sufficient intensity.

  According to the invention of claim 2, natural fruit is produced by irradiating a plant with light emitted by the first LED light-emitting element and the second LED light-emitting element and promoting photomorphogenesis in addition to plant photosynthesis. Can be produced, and a great effect in commercial plant cultivation can be obtained.

  According to the inventions according to claims 3 to 9, the first LED light emitting element that emits light in the first wavelength range and the second LED light emitting element that emits light in the second wavelength range are provided on the light emitter module. By arranging the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element adjacent to each other at least, plant growth according to the invention of claim 1 is also possible.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a growing apparatus as an example of use of an illumination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of FIG.

  This breeding device 5 is used in a greenhouse 1 as a facility. The greenhouse 1 has cultivated plants 3 extending in rows in the depth direction, and a necessary number of cultivating devices 5 are arranged above the cultivated plants 3 corresponding to the rows of the cultivated plants 3. For this arrangement, the growing device 5 is supported by the support mechanism 6. The support mechanism 6 has a height adjusting unit 7 that adjusts the intensity of supplemented light separately from natural light so that the brightness is 80 Lux or more at a position 1.5 m away from a light emitter module described later. .

  3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the light emitter module of the growing apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 from below, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the light emitter module 9 includes four surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d. The size of the light emitter module 9 is about 1 cm square. The surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a to 11c can emit red light, and the surface-oriented LED light emitting element 11d can emit blue light. The wavelength of red light is normally adjusted to 660 nm, and the wavelength of blue light is normally adjusted to 470 nm. Note that they are controlled independently from each other by a controller (not shown). The wavelength range of the red wavelength is preferably in the range of 625 nm to 690 nm, more preferably in the range of 640 nm to 660 nm, but here it is adjustable in the range of 625 nm to 660 nm. The wavelength range of the blue wavelength is preferably in the range of 420 nm to 490 nm, more preferably in the range of 460 nm to 470 nm, and here it can be adjusted in the range of 460 nm to 470 nm. As shown in FIG. 4, lenses 13 a and 13 b made of glass for adjusting directivity (illustration of 13 c and 13 d is omitted in FIG. 4) are attached to the surface-directed LED light emitting elements 11 a to 11 d. .

  Here, since the quantization rate of the light emitter module 9 is 30% to 40%, it is important how to perform the radiation function. Therefore, for example, an aluminum housing 15 may be used as a metal base substrate, and the light emitter module 9 is attached to the bottom portion 15a via the circuit board 16. The aluminum housing 15 not only radiates heat generated from the surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a to 11d but also serves as a reflector. Therefore, the aluminum housing 15 is not only subjected to a surface treatment for reflection, but the side wall 15b is inclined so that a taper angle indicated by α is formed. This taper angle depends on the intensity of light emitted from the surface-directed LED light emitting elements 11a to 11d and the distance to the cultivated plant 3, as well as the extent of the leaf of the cultivated plant 3 and the light required at the position of the cultivated plant 3. It is determined from the strength of the.

  Although not shown in detail, the surface-oriented LED light emitting element has a heat slug portion, and copper tungsten (CuW), aluminum nitride (AlN), diamond, or the like may be used.

  Also, depending on the directivity of the surface-oriented LED light-emitting element (and the reflector such as an aluminum plate), if the directivity width is narrow, a cylindrical glass rod is condensed and reflected below it. A device used for the purpose may be used.

  Furthermore, in the above, the number of blue surface-oriented LED light emitting elements of the red surface-oriented LED light emitting element is set to 3: 1, but instead of the number, the area ratio of the light emitting surface is set to 3: 1. It may be a thing. Therefore, the red surface-oriented LED light-emitting element may be arranged at the apex position of the regular triangle, and the blue surface-oriented LED light-emitting element may be arranged at the center of gravity.

  Furthermore, in the above, two colors of red and blue were used, and the ratio was 3: 1 as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it depends on the type of plant, growth status, other climate, etc. In addition to the ratio, the wavelength may be selected.

  Furthermore, although red and blue are shown as two colors, it may be a combination including other colors such as far red, white, purple (red + blue), and may emit three or more colors. .

  Incidentally, the relationship between light and plants is as shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the role of light in regulating the life cycle of plants.

  “Red light / far-red light” is an effective light, which is the action of “morphogenesis such as germination induction, germination inhibition, growth regulation, stem elongation / leaf area expansion, germination, pigment synthesis” The action and each stage of germination, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, aging are related. In addition, "blue" is an effective light "formation such as stem elongation, leaf speed, leaf thickness, phototropism, stomatal opening, chloroplast movement, flower bud formation such as flowering, It is the action of “Synchronization of day rhythm, pigment synthesis”, and each action is related to each period described above. Furthermore, in relation to each action in each of these phases, the corresponding ones of “phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin” are related.

  Further, phytochrome is also described in Plant Factory Research Institute HP, but plants such as seed germination, flower bud differentiation, flowering, cotyledon development, chlorophyll synthesis internode expansion, etc., through the action of a pigment called phytochrome. It is said that photomorphogenesis, which is a qualitative change, is induced by weak light reaction and strong light reaction. It is also said that chlorophyll synthesis under strong light is promoted by blue light and tends to be inhibited by red light. In addition, the effect of red light of 640 nm to 690 nm is most effective for photosynthesis, and blue light of 420 nm to 470 nm is required for normal morphogenesis of leaves, and depending on the plant species and growth stage, It is believed that there is an optimal ratio (R / B) ratio of blue light.

  The inventor of the present application has set the R / B ratio to be a standard for plant cultivation to 3: 1 as described above by the following experiment in consideration of such an idea.

  In the following, experiments on the principle prototype of the plant cultivating LED illuminator for supplementary light at the high-altitude cultivation facility for summer strawberries will be shown as the subject of institutional horticulture. Ten strawberry seedlings are planted in a staggered pattern in a 90 cm x 40 cm planter for a depth of 60 meters in a greenhouse, and three rows of tall strawberry seedlings are provided to supply nutrient solution through an irrigation tube. Strawberry seedling varieties are shipped as cake strawberries in Pettika. The experimental site is in Furano near Asahikawa, and the period is about two months from September 18th to November 16th, 2007. Here, it is pointed out that the sunshine hours for three months from September to November are quite different between Tokyo and Asahikawa. In other words, the change in daylight hours per month is small in Tokyo, but in Asahikawa it falls to about 40% of those hours in November compared to September and October. Needless to say, since November, the greenhouses are also affected by snow, so the sunshine hours become even shorter, and the average temperature drops, so the strawberry strain moves to a dormant state and ends production activities. In order to prevent this, supplementary light that does not rely only on natural light has great significance. It is added that the experiment was conducted in Furano near Asahikawa as a region where the effect of supplementary light appears in this experiment.

  In order to compare each wavelength, it was divided into seven sections (LH red section, LH blue section, LH white section, PLT red section, PLT blue section, PLT white section, non-process section). Here, “red”, “blue”, and “white” in the LH red section to the LH white section represent the types of colors emitted by the LEDs, and the specific installation status is the status shown in FIG. “Red”, “blue”, and “white” in the PLT red area to the PLT white area also represent the types of colors that emit light. That is, in order to analyze the characteristics of the wavelength, “red”, “blue”, and “white” monochromatic light sources were used. The distinction between “LH” and “PLT” employs a different irradiation mechanism due to the difference in the directivity of the surface-oriented LED light-emitting elements (and the reflector such as an aluminum plate). The “PLT” side has a wide directivity, and the “LH” side has a narrow directivity, and a contrivance is made to use a cylindrical glass rod for condensing and reflecting at the bottom. Auxiliary light was used at night and at dawn. And other six types of LED irradiation zones (LH red zone, LH blue zone, LH white zone, PLT red zone, PLT blue zone, PLT white zone) so that supplementary light is not performed in the untreated zone The area is 5m away from each other as it is not affected by disturbance.

  FIG. 7 shows the difference between the red LED used and other lighting devices. From the viewpoint of low power consumption and PAR (Photosynthesis Effective Radiation) efficiency, it can be understood that red LEDs are preferable LED light emitting elements when used in lighting devices suitable for plant cultivation compared to other lighting devices. In addition, the lifetime has been confirmed to be 50,000 hours of lighting in the experiment, and unlike other light sources, there is also an effect that there is less risk of a broken ball.

  FIG. 8 is a table summarizing the experimental results. 9 is a graph of data on the petiole length of FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a graph of data on the petiole diameter (petiole cross-sectional diameter) of FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 is a graph of FIG. FIG. 12 is a graph of the height data, FIG. 12 is a graph of the leaf width of FIG. 8, and FIG. 13 is the data of the leaf circumference (leaf size) of FIG. FIG. 14 is a graph of data, and FIG. 14 is a graph of data on the sugar content of FIG.

  According to the experimental results, the following can be said from the whole data. First, the green color of the leaves was darker in the red and blue irradiated areas. Therefore, it can be said that photosynthesis was activated. Secondly, the red light had a fast rise of the flower bunches. Thirdly, red light colored the fruits quickly. Fourth, the red light produced fruits with large and large fruit grains. Fifth, the blue light became low and stocky. Sixth, sugar content rose in all irradiation sections. Seventh, it was effective in preventing strain fatigue.

  In summary, as can be seen from the non-treated section of FIG. 8, when it is carried out with only natural light, the leaf leaves become dormant, strain fatigue occurs, and harvesting ends and the dormant state occurs around October. On the other hand, in each section where light supplementation was performed, the result was that photosynthesis was more active than in the non-treated section (especially in the red irradiation section called PLT Aka-ku, the grass was swelled, and the result was that the strain was felt. It was possible to harvest until after November. In other words, by irradiating light from the LED, strain fatigue was less likely to occur and the harvesting period could be extended. In addition, not only has the yield increased due to the extended harvest period, but also the time to harvest can be shortened by accelerating the photosynthetic rate, and it is possible to adjust the timing of flower bud formation. Because of the good growth, the energy of the strain increased, the number of harvested fruits decreased, the number of harvested fruits increased, and the yield increased even during the same period. Furthermore, since photosynthesis was promoted, the amount of sugars from carbon dioxide and water increased, and the sugar content of the harvested strawberries increased.

  The supplementary LED illuminator for plant cultivation based on the experimental results described above enables cultivation even in situations where it is difficult to grow using only natural light, and increases the sugar content in addition to increased yield. A new effect like this can also be produced.

  In the experiment in the above embodiment, strawberry was described. However, since the apparatus itself is small, it does not interfere with the control work and is suitable not only for other high-growth cultivation such as chrysanthemum, roses, and lisianthus. The application range may be used for other horticultural horticultures other than high cultivation.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the growing device as the lighting device has been described. However, the growing device may be used as a lighting device for a special purpose such as a fishing light in a squid fishing boat.

It is a figure for demonstrating the breeding apparatus as an example of utilization of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which expanded a part of FIG. It is the figure which expanded the part of the light-emitting body module of the growth apparatus of FIG.1 and FIG.2 from the downward direction. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. It is the figure which showed the role of the light in the life cycle regulation of a plant. It is the figure which showed the principle prototype of the plant cultivation LED illuminator for supplementary light. It is the figure which showed the difference with the used red LED and another illuminating device. It is the figure which showed the table | surface which put together the experimental result. It is the figure which plotted the data about the petiole length of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the petiole diameter (petiole cross-sectional diameter) of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the leaf height of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the leaf width of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the leaf circumference (leaf size) of FIG. It is the figure which graphed data about the sugar content of FIG. It is the figure which showed the plant cultivation LED illuminator for the educational field or research field proposed by the inventor. It is the figure which showed the LED incubator for the educational field or research field proposed by the inventor.

Explanation of symbols

  5 training equipment

Claims (9)

A light emitting module capable of irradiating light to a plant is a growing method by a lighting device arranged on a substrate,
The light emitter module includes at least a first LED light emitting element that emits light in a first wavelength range, and a second LED light emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength range,
The first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element are disposed adjacent to each other and controlled independently of each other;
At a predetermined timing, the plant is irradiated with light emitted from the first LED light-emitting element, and the plant is irradiated with light emitted from the second LED light-emitting element, or the first LED A growing method of irradiating the plant with light emitted by the LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element. A light emitting module capable of irradiating light to a plant is produced by a lighting device arranged on a substrate to produce a natural fruit,
The light emitter module includes at least a first LED light emitting element that emits light in a first wavelength range, and a second LED light emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength range,
The first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element are disposed adjacent to each other and controlled independently of each other;
At a predetermined timing, the plant is irradiated with light emitted from the first LED light-emitting element, and the plant is irradiated with light emitted from the second LED light-emitting element, or the first LED A method for producing natural fruits by irradiating the plant with light emitted by the LED light-emitting element and the second LED light-emitting element, and promoting photomorphogenesis in addition to photosynthesis of the plant. A lighting device in which a light emitter module is disposed on a substrate,
The light emitter module includes at least a first LED light emitting element that emits light in a first wavelength range and a second LED light emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength range,
The lighting device, wherein the first LED light-emitting element and the second LED light-emitting element are disposed adjacent to each other.   The first LED light emitting element emits red light, the second LED light emitting element emits blue light, and the first LED light emitting element and the second LED light emitting element disposed in the light emitting module. The lighting device according to claim 3, wherein the area ratio of the light emitting surface is adjusted to be 3: 1 with respect to the number of the LED light emitting elements.   5. The lighting device according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit that independently controls light emission of the first LED light emitting element and light emission of the second LED light emitting element.   6. The illumination device according to claim 3, wherein the directivity of light emission of the first LED light-emitting element and the second LED light-emitting element is a plane directivity.   The lighting device according to claim 3, wherein the substrate has a substantially U-shaped cross section with a predetermined taper angle, and the light emitter module is disposed at a bottom portion of the substrate.   The lighting device according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is a metal base substrate.   The lighting device according to claim 3, wherein 660 nm is included in a wavelength range of light emitted from the first LED light emitting element, and 470 nm is included in a second wavelength range of light emitted from the second LED light emitting element.