JP3139260U - Plant rearing system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant breeding system that can easily emit light having different wavelengths with sufficient intensity by using an LED that further promotes power saving, and that is also suitable for a special purpose of growing commercial plants.
An illuminating device in which a light emitter module 9 capable of irradiating light to a cultivated plant 3 is arranged via a circuit board 16 attached to a bottom portion 15a of an aluminum housing 15 is used as a growing device 5. The light emitter module 9 includes three surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a, 11b, and 11c that emit light in the first wavelength range of red, and an LED light emitting element 11d that emits light in the second wavelength range of blue. The surface-directed LED light emitting elements 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are arranged adjacent to each other and controlled independently from each other, and are irradiated to a plant as supplementary light at a predetermined timing. The plant growing system includes a support mechanism 6 and a controller in addition to the growing device 5.
[Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant growing system, and in particular, a facility gardening illumination in which a plurality of light emitting modules capable of irradiating light separately from natural light from above are arranged on a substrate on plants grown in a row in the facility. The present invention relates to a plant growing system equipped with a device.

  There exists an illuminating device used for plant growth as described in Patent Document 1. The illuminating device specifically described in Patent Document 1 includes a light emitting device in which a light source is disposed so as to radiate light of two or more colors radially with respect to a central axis, such as a fluorescent lamp. The light-emitting device rotates about the central axis as a rotation axis, and can select the wavelength of light that irradiates an irradiated object called a plant. Patent Document 1 also shows that LEDs are used instead of fluorescent lamps.

  In addition, the inventor of the present application creates an LED incubator for an education site or a research site as shown in FIG. 16 in addition to a plant cultivation LED illuminator for an education site or a research site as shown in FIG. Yes. FIG. 15B and FIG. 16B also show controllers.

JP 2007-188799 A

  However, in the illumination device described in Patent Document 1, if it is rotated to irradiate light of different wavelengths, a rotation mechanism is indispensable, and not only there are structural restrictions, but also the positional relationship between the light emitting device and the irradiated object There were also large restrictions.

  Further, the plant cultivation LED illuminator and the LED incubator by the inventors of the present application are not for commercial or mass production because they are educational and research devices. In terms of commercial and mass production, so-called bullet-type LEDs are used, and there are still insufficient points. In other words, in the bullet-type LED, a small amount of light from the chip is collected by a dome lens to give directionality. As a result, if the directivity is narrowed because the intensity of light emission is insufficient, it will be possible to increase the brightness, but when the equipment is enlarged and multiple cannonball LEDs are arranged for commercial use etc. However, there was a problem that unevenness of light became obvious.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a plant breeding system that can easily emit light of different wavelengths with sufficient intensity, and that is suitable for special purposes such as commercial plant breeding, with LEDs that have further promoted power saving. The purpose is to do.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a facility horticulture lighting device in which a plurality of light emitting modules capable of irradiating light separately from natural light from above onto plants cultivated in a row in a facility are arranged on a substrate. A plant growing system comprising: a holding mechanism for holding the lighting device at a predetermined position in the facility; and each of the light emitter modules includes a surface-directed LED light emitting element that emits light in a predetermined wavelength range. The substrate is a metal base substrate extending corresponding to each row, and the cross section thereof has a substantially U shape with a predetermined taper angle, and the plurality of light emitter modules are disposed at the bottom of the metal base substrate. It is arranged at an interval and faces the plant.

  The invention according to claim 2 is a facility horticulture lighting device in which a plurality of light emitting modules capable of irradiating light separately from natural light onto plants cultivated in a row in a facility are arranged on a substrate. A plant growth system comprising a holding mechanism for holding the lighting device at a predetermined position in the facility, wherein each of the light emitter modules emits light in a first wavelength range. An LED light-emitting element and a second surface-directed LED light-emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength range, the first surface-directed LED light-emitting element and the second surface-directed LED light-emitting element Are disposed adjacent to each other, and the substrate is a metal base substrate extending corresponding to each row, and the cross-section thereof has a substantially U-shape having a predetermined taper angle, and the plurality of light emitter modules are Arranged at the bottom of the metal base substrate and spaced apart It is opposed to the thing.

  The light emitted from the LED light emitting element is irradiated on the plant, and in addition to the photosynthesis of the plant, the photomorphogenesis can be promoted to produce a natural fruit, and a great effect in commercial plant growth can be obtained.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a growing apparatus as an example of use of an illumination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of FIG.

  This breeding device 5 is used in a greenhouse 1 as a facility. The greenhouse 1 has cultivated plants 3 extending in rows in the depth direction, and a necessary number of cultivating devices 5 are arranged above the cultivated plants 3 corresponding to the rows of the cultivated plants 3. For this arrangement, the growing device 5 is supported by the support mechanism 6. The support mechanism 6 has a height adjusting unit 7 that adjusts the intensity of supplemented light separately from natural light so that the brightness is 80 Lux or more at a position 1.5 m away from a light emitter module described later. . The plant growing system includes a growing device 5, a support mechanism 6, and the following controller (not shown).

  3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the light emitter module of the growing apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 from below, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the light emitter module 9 includes four surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d. The size of the light emitter module 9 is about 1 cm square. The surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a to 11c can emit red light, and the surface-oriented LED light emitting element 11d can emit blue light. The wavelength of red light is normally adjusted to 660 nm, and the wavelength of blue light is normally adjusted to 470 nm. Note that they are controlled independently from each other by a controller (not shown). The wavelength range of the red wavelength is preferably in the range of 625 nm to 690 nm, more preferably in the range of 640 nm to 660 nm, but here it is adjustable in the range of 625 nm to 660 nm. The wavelength range of the blue wavelength is preferably in the range of 420 nm to 490 nm, more preferably in the range of 460 nm to 470 nm, and here it can be adjusted in the range of 460 nm to 470 nm. As shown in FIG. 4, lenses 13 a and 13 b made of glass for adjusting directivity (illustration of 13 c and 13 d is omitted in FIG. 4) are attached to the surface-directed LED light emitting elements 11 a to 11 d. .

  Here, since the quantization rate of the light emitter module 9 is 30% to 40%, it is important how to perform the radiation function. Therefore, for example, an aluminum housing 15 may be used as a metal base substrate, and the light emitter module 9 is attached to the bottom portion 15a via the circuit board 16. The aluminum housing 15 not only radiates heat generated from the surface-oriented LED light emitting elements 11a to 11d but also serves as a reflector. Therefore, the aluminum housing 15 is not only subjected to a surface treatment for reflection, but the side wall 15b is inclined so that a taper angle indicated by α is formed. This taper angle depends on the intensity of light emitted from the surface-directed LED light emitting elements 11a to 11d and the distance to the cultivated plant 3, as well as the extent of the leaf of the cultivated plant 3 and the light required at the position of the cultivated plant 3. It is determined from the strength of the.

  Although not shown in detail, the surface-oriented LED light emitting element has a heat slug portion, and copper tungsten (CuW), aluminum nitride (AlN), diamond, or the like may be used.

  Also, depending on the directivity of the surface-oriented LED light-emitting element (and the reflector such as an aluminum plate), if the directivity width is narrow, a cylindrical glass rod is condensed and reflected below it. A device used for the purpose may be used.

  Furthermore, in the above, the number of blue surface-oriented LED light emitting elements of the red surface-oriented LED light emitting element is set to 3: 1, but instead of the number, the area ratio of the light emitting surface is set to 3: 1. It may be a thing. Therefore, the red surface-oriented LED light-emitting element may be arranged at the apex position of the regular triangle, and the blue surface-oriented LED light-emitting element may be arranged at the center of gravity.

  Furthermore, in the above, two colors of red and blue were used, and the ratio was 3: 1 as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it depends on the type of plant, growth status, other climate, etc. In addition to the ratio, the wavelength may be selected.

  Furthermore, although red and blue are shown as two colors, it may be a combination including other colors such as far red, white, purple (red + blue), and may emit three or more colors. .

  Incidentally, the relationship between light and plants is as shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the role of light in regulating the life cycle of plants.

  “Red light / far-red light” is an effective light, which is the action of “morphogenesis such as germination induction, germination inhibition, growth regulation, stem elongation / leaf area expansion, germination, pigment synthesis” The action and each stage of germination, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, aging are related. In addition, "blue" is an effective light "formation such as stem elongation, leaf speed, leaf thickness, phototropism, stomatal opening, chloroplast movement, flower bud formation such as flowering, It is the action of “Synchronization of day rhythm, pigment synthesis”, and each action is related to each period described above. Furthermore, in relation to each action in each of these phases, the corresponding ones of “phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin” are related.

  Further, phytochrome is also described in Plant Factory Research Institute HP, but plants such as seed germination, flower bud differentiation, flowering, cotyledon development, chlorophyll synthesis internode expansion, etc., through the action of a pigment called phytochrome. It is said that photomorphogenesis, which is a qualitative change, is induced by weak light reaction and strong light reaction. It is also said that chlorophyll synthesis under strong light is promoted by blue light and tends to be inhibited by red light. In addition, the effect of red light of 640 nm to 690 nm is the largest for photosynthesis, and blue light of 420 nm to 470 nm is required for normal morphogenesis of leaves, and depending on the plant species and growth stage, It is believed that there is an optimal ratio (R / B) ratio of blue light.

  The inventor of the present application has set the R / B ratio to be a standard for plant cultivation to 3: 1 as described above by the following experiment in consideration of such an idea.

  In the following, experiments on the principle prototype of the plant cultivating LED illuminator for supplementary light at the high-altitude cultivation facility for summer strawberries will be shown as the subject of institutional horticulture. Ten strawberry seedlings are planted in a staggered pattern in a 90 cm x 40 cm planter for a depth of 60 meters in a greenhouse, and three rows of tall strawberry seedlings are provided to supply nutrient solution through an irrigation tube. Strawberry seedling varieties are shipped as cake strawberries in Pettika. The experimental site is in Furano near Asahikawa, and the period is about two months from September 18th to November 16th, 2007. Here, it is pointed out that the sunshine hours for three months from September to November are quite different between Tokyo and Asahikawa. In other words, the change in daylight hours per month is small in Tokyo, but in Asahikawa it falls to about 40% of those hours in November compared to September and October. Needless to say, since November, the greenhouses are also affected by snow, so the sunshine hours become even shorter, and the average temperature drops, so the strawberry strain moves to a dormant state and ends production activities. In order to prevent this, supplementary light that does not rely only on natural light has great significance. It is added that the experiment was conducted in Furano near Asahikawa as a region where the effect of supplementary light appears in this experiment.

  In order to compare each wavelength, it was divided into seven sections (LH red section, LH blue section, LH white section, PLT red section, PLT blue section, PLT white section, non-process section). Here, “red”, “blue”, and “white” in the LH red section to the LH white section represent the types of colors emitted by the LEDs, and the specific installation status is the status shown in FIG. “Red”, “blue”, and “white” in the PLT red area to the PLT white area also represent the types of colors that emit light. That is, in order to analyze the characteristics of the wavelength, “red”, “blue”, and “white” monochromatic light sources were used. The distinction between “LH” and “PLT” employs a different irradiation mechanism due to the difference in the directivity of the surface-oriented LED light-emitting elements (and the reflector such as an aluminum plate). The “PLT” side has a wide directivity, and the “LH” side has a narrow directivity, and a contrivance is made to use a cylindrical glass rod for condensing and reflecting at the bottom. Auxiliary light was used at night and at dawn. And other six types of LED irradiation zones (LH red zone, LH blue zone, LH white zone, PLT red zone, PLT blue zone, PLT white zone) so that supplementary light is not performed in the untreated zone The area is 5m away from each other as it is not affected by disturbance.

  FIG. 7 shows the difference between the red LED used and other lighting devices. From the viewpoint of low power consumption and PAR (Photosynthesis Effective Radiation) efficiency, it can be understood that red LEDs are preferable LED light emitting elements when used in lighting devices suitable for plant cultivation compared to other lighting devices. In addition, the lifetime has been confirmed to be 50,000 hours of lighting in the experiment, and unlike other light sources, there is also an effect that there is less risk of a broken ball.

  FIG. 8 is a table summarizing the experimental results. 9 is a graph of data on the petiole length of FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a graph of data on the petiole diameter (petiole cross-sectional diameter) of FIG. 8, and FIG. 11 is a graph of FIG. FIG. 12 is a graph of the height data, FIG. 12 is a graph of the leaf width of FIG. 8, and FIG. 13 is the data of the leaf circumference (leaf size) of FIG. FIG. 14 is a graph of data, and FIG. 14 is a graph of data on the sugar content of FIG.

  According to the experimental results, the following can be said from the whole data. First, the green color of the leaves was darker in the red and blue irradiated areas. Therefore, it can be said that photosynthesis was activated. Secondly, the red light had a fast rise of the flower bunches. Thirdly, red light colored the fruits quickly. Fourth, the red light produced fruits with large and large fruit grains. Fifth, the blue light became low and stocky. Sixth, sugar content rose in all irradiation sections. Seventh, it was effective in preventing strain fatigue.

  In summary, as can be seen from the non-treated section of FIG. 8, when it is carried out with only natural light, the leaf leaves become dormant, strain fatigue occurs, and harvesting ends and the dormant state occurs around October. On the other hand, in each section where light supplementation was performed, the result was that photosynthesis was more active than in the non-treated section (especially in the red irradiation section called PLT Aka-ku, the grass was swelled, and the result was that the strain was felt. It was possible to harvest until after November. In other words, by irradiating light from the LED, strain fatigue was less likely to occur and the harvesting period could be extended. In addition, not only has the yield increased due to the extended harvest period, but also the time to harvest can be shortened by accelerating the photosynthetic rate, and it is possible to adjust the timing of flower bud formation. Because of the good growth, the energy of the strain increased, the number of harvested fruits decreased, the number of harvested fruits increased, and the yield increased even during the same period. Furthermore, since photosynthesis was promoted, the amount of sugars from carbon dioxide and water increased, and the sugar content of the harvested strawberries increased.

  The supplementary LED illuminator for plant cultivation based on the experimental results described above enables cultivation even in situations where it is difficult to grow using only natural light, and increases the sugar content in addition to increased yield. A new effect like this can also be produced.

  In the experiment in the above embodiment, strawberry was described. However, since the apparatus itself is small, it does not interfere with the control work and is suitable not only for other high-growth cultivation such as chrysanthemum, roses, and lisianthus. The application range may be used for other horticultural horticultures other than high cultivation.

It is a figure for demonstrating the breeding apparatus as an example of utilization of the illuminating device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which expanded a part of FIG. It is the figure which expanded the part of the light-emitting body module of the growth apparatus of FIG.1 and FIG.2 from the downward direction. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. It is the figure which showed the role of the light in the life cycle regulation of a plant. It is the figure which showed the principle prototype of the plant cultivation LED illuminator for supplementary light. It is the figure which showed the difference with the used red LED and another illuminating device. It is the figure which showed the table | surface which put together the experimental result. It is the figure which plotted the data about the petiole length of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the petiole diameter (petiole cross-sectional diameter) of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the leaf height of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the leaf width of FIG. It is the figure which plotted the data about the leaf circumference (leaf size) of FIG. It is the figure which graphed data about the sugar content of FIG. It is the figure which showed the plant cultivation LED illuminator for the educational field or research field proposed by the inventor. It is the figure which showed the LED incubator for the educational field or research field proposed by the inventor.

Explanation of symbols

5 Growth device 6 Support mechanism

Claims (2)

A plant growth system comprising a facility horticulture lighting device in which a plurality of light emitter modules capable of irradiating light from above to plants cultivated in a row in a facility are arranged on a substrate. ,
A holding mechanism for holding the lighting device at a predetermined position in the facility;
Each of the light emitter modules has a surface-directed LED light emitting element that emits light in a predetermined wavelength range,
The substrate is a metal base substrate extending corresponding to each row, and has a substantially U-shaped cross section with a predetermined taper angle,
The plant breeding system, wherein the plurality of light emitter modules are arranged at intervals on a bottom portion of the metal base substrate and face the plant. A plant growth system comprising a facility horticulture lighting device in which a plurality of light emitter modules capable of irradiating light from above to plants cultivated in a row in a facility are arranged on a substrate. ,
A holding mechanism for holding the lighting device at a predetermined position in the facility;
Each of the light emitter modules has a first surface-directed LED light-emitting element that emits light in a first wavelength range and a second surface-directed LED light-emitting element that emits light in a second wavelength range. The first surface-directed LED light-emitting element and the second surface-directed LED light-emitting element are disposed adjacent to each other,
The substrate is a metal base substrate extending corresponding to each row, and has a substantially U-shaped cross section with a predetermined taper angle,
The plant breeding system, wherein the plurality of light emitter modules are arranged at intervals on a bottom portion of the metal base substrate and face the plant.