CN103374568A - 使用分子标记鉴定银杏性别 - Google Patents

使用分子标记鉴定银杏性别 Download PDF

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CN103374568A
CN103374568A CN2013101330682A CN201310133068A CN103374568A CN 103374568 A CN103374568 A CN 103374568A CN 2013101330682 A CN2013101330682 A CN 2013101330682A CN 201310133068 A CN201310133068 A CN 201310133068A CN 103374568 A CN103374568 A CN 103374568A
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洪镕杓
李济完
张经焕
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Abstract

本发明涉及区分银杏雌株和雄株的分子标记,更具体而言,涉及银杏性别鉴定方法,该方法与使用随机引物相比较具有增加的稳定性、并相对于显性标记提供有限的信息,是改善的,该方法同时使用银杏雄株特异性SCAR-GBM引物以及本领域已开发的线粒体DNA的现有atp1引物,执行多重PCR,其中所述SCAR-GBM引物基于显示出鉴定银杏雄株的遗传性质的RAPD片段的序列开发。

Description

使用分子标记鉴定银杏性别
发明领域
本发明涉及使用分子标记对银杏(Gingko biloba)进行性别鉴定,并且更具体而言涉及可以区分银杏雄株和雌株的分子标记和在使用该分子标记的鉴定方法中使用的多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)条件。
背景技术
银杏树具有悠久的历史,被称为地球上的活化石,并且广泛分布在全世界。在韩国,银杏大多数用作行道树,和用于收获其果实,即白果。银杏是雌雄异株,包括雄株以提供用于结实的花粉和雌株以结实。然而,当银杏用作行道树时,其自身令人不快的气味和在秋季收获季节中的落果通常有损市容。同时,由于难于区分银杏雌株和雄株,白果农民目前在仅栽培和开发银杏雌株以收获白果方面碰到问题。迄今为止,为了鉴定银杏的性别,已检查花的形态或果实的收获。然而,幼小植物(幼苗)难以区分,且基本上在其成长为成年植物且达到其开花的花期前无法鉴定。因此,这需要长时间,且由于在成株过程中的劳力和经济成本的增加,在银杏的生产和使用方面存在效率低下的问题。
克服上述问题的技术在韩国仍未开发,并且通过综述国外的研究案例,Jiang等人(2003),Identification of a sex-associated RAPD marker inGingko biloba,Acta Botanica Sinica,2003,45:742-747,报道了可以区分银杏雌株和雄株的RAPD遗传方面。此外,Liao等人(2009),Development and application of SCAR markers for sex identification in thedioecious species Gingko biloba L.,Euphytica,169:49-55,报道了分别用于银杏雌株和雄株的SCAR标记。然而,这些研究未排除RAPD技术的不稳定性,且不能弥补SCAR标记的显性标记特征。此外,上述研究的结果明确不同于通过本发明的分子标记和鉴定方法的结果。
发明概述
为了解决使用任意随机引物的RAPD技术的稳定性问题和克服衍生自RAPD技术多态性的典型SCAR技术的显性标记特征问题,本发明人基于在RAPD技术中报道的DNA序列开发了对于银杏雄株特异的SCAR标记。因此,本发明提供了银杏性别鉴定方法,该方法具有极佳稳定性并在提供信息方面具有改善,该方法同时使用独立于银杏的性别在任何个体的线粒体DNA上均产生稳定PCR产物的引物atp1、以及通过本发明开发的银杏雄株特异性SCAR标记,以便执行多重PCR。
可以通过本发明完成的技术任务并不具体局限于上文描述的那些,并且此类其他技术任务对于本发明所属领域的技术人员是易于明了的。
根据本发明的一个方面,为了实现上述目的,提供一对‘SCAR-GBM’引物作为对银杏雄株具有特异性的SCAR标记,其基于银杏雌株和雄株(下文,通常被称为“银杏”)的多态性RAPD片段的序列开发。此外,提供一种系统鉴定方法,该方法同时使用atp1引物以及上文描述的SCAR-GBM引物执行多重PCR,其中所述atp1引物是用于扩增本领域开发的已有线粒体DNA的特异性位点的引物。
简言之,本发明提供了一对SCAR-GBM引物(下文,“SCAR-GBM引物”),包括SEQ.ID No.1中所示的正向引物和SEQ.ID No.2中所示的反向引物。
此外,根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了同时使用线粒体DNA的atp1引物和上文描述的SCAR-GBM引物执行多重PCR的方法。
此外,根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了鉴定银杏性别的方法,其包括同时使用atp1引物和SCAR-GBM引物执行多重PCR。
根据本发明,使用该开发的SCAR-GBM引物,可以稳定和确定地区分银杏雌株和雄株,从而用作科学地验证银杏的性别鉴定的分子标记。当使用本发明方法时,与现有方法相比较,可以减少用于性别鉴定所需的时间和劳力。此外,就银杏的应用而言,可以早期选择银杏雄株,以阻止将银杏雌株作为行道树种植,由此可以保护城市环境,不被由银杏雌株组成的行道树形成的白果的不良气味和由此造成的街道污染所恶化。另外,本发明可以使银杏农民能够早期仅选择和种植银杏雌株,从而有助于白果的生产。
附图简述
本发明的上述和其他目的、特点和其他优点根据以下详细描述和附图,将是更为易于理解的,其中:
图1举例说明使用用于银杏性别鉴定的SCAR-GBM分子标记的多重PCR的分级分离(♂:雄株,♀:雌株)。
实施方案详述
以下,将参考附图,详细描述本发明。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明提供了命名为‘SCAR-GBM’的一对寡核苷酸引物组。
作为本发明提供的用于银杏性别鉴定的引物,SCAR-GBM分子标记具有基于RAPD片段的序列开发的序列,并且这首次在本发明中公开。
就本发明而言,“引物”指与待拷贝的核酸链互补的单链寡核苷酸序列,其可以用作引物延伸产物合成的起点。引物的长度和序列必须足以使得延伸产物的合成能够起始。引物的具体长度和序列可以取决于使用该引物的条件,例如目的DNA靶的复杂性、温度和离子强度等。
在本申请中,用作引物的寡核苷酸还可以包括核苷酸类似物,例如硫代磷酸酯、烷基硫代磷酸酯或肽核酸、或嵌入剂。
在使用本发明的SCAR-GBM引物和本领域开发的现有atp1引物执行银杏样品的多重PCR、随后使用琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳后,所处理的样品显示出了遗传多态性。当分析该遗传多态性时,在银杏雄株中观察到分别具有约1050bp和675bp的DNA片段。而另一方面,银杏雌株仅显示出具有约1050bp的DNA片段。在扩增的DNA片段中,发现具有1050bp的DNA片段是通过atp1引物扩增的片段,而具有675bp的DNA片段是通过SCAR-GBM引物扩增的片段。通过电泳PCR扩增产物,参考DNA大小标记物,可以明显地观察到1050bp的DNA片段;基于相对引物扩增的序列(从用于合成引物的序列得到)和DNA大小标记物而计算的长度,观察到675bp的DNA片段。尽管该观测值可能会随进行电泳观察的个人而稍有不同,但只要在观察上未出现大的偏差,可以认为靶DNA位点被正确扩增。
为了观察如上所述的多态性,多重PCR反应混合物(12μl)可以具有下述组成:银杏基因组DNA,10ng;一对SCAR-GBM引物,各0.3μM;一对atp1引物,各0.3μM;10×PCR缓冲溶液,1.2μl;dNTP,0.25mM;BSA,25μg/ml;1单位DNA聚合酶;和平衡量的蒸馏水。PCR反应的温度条件如下:在94℃使模板DNA变性5分钟后,在94℃进一步变性1分钟;在63℃退火1分钟;和在72℃延伸1分钟。该程序重复总共35次。最后,在72℃延伸10分钟。以180伏,使用2%琼脂糖凝胶,电泳扩增产物一个半小时。通过UV射线照射,鉴定条带的扩增情况。下表1显示了用于多重PCR的本发明SCAR-GBM引物组和apt1引物组的序列信息。
表1
Figure BDA00003061113800041
aG或I=肌苷(2′-脱氧-肌苷)
如上所述,本发明的优选实施方案已得到描述。然而,这些仅用于举例说明本发明,本发明并不特别地局限于此。本领域技术人员将容易理解,多种改变和修饰均可以落入本发明的范围和精神内,并且此类改变和修饰当然包括在本发明中。同时,发明详述中提到的组分的材料可以容易地选自和/或替换为本领域已知的多种材料。此外,本领域技术人员可以省略详述中述及的一些组分而不损害由本发明实现的性能,和/或可以加入其它组分以进行改善。此外,考虑到工作环境或设备,本领域技术人员可以改变在详述中解释的本发明方法的步骤次序。相应地,本发明的范围应当由后附权利要求及其等同物而不是上文描述的优选实施方案所决定。
Figure IDA00003061114600011

Claims (3)

1.SCAR-GBM引物,其包括SEQ ID No.1中所示的正向引物和SEQID No.2中所示的反向引物。
2.一种方法,其同时使用线粒体DNA的atp1引物和根据权利要求1的SCAR-GBM引物执行多重PCR。
3.一种鉴定银杏性别的方法,其包括根据权利要求2通过同时使用atp1引物和SCAR-GBM引物执行多重PCR。
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CN105087813A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2015-11-25 南京林业大学 一种银杏品种分子检测引物组合物及其品种检测方法
CN105087813B (zh) * 2015-09-21 2019-01-15 南京林业大学 一种银杏品种分子检测引物组合物及其品种检测方法
CN110195068A (zh) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-03 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所 一种用于鉴定银杏雌雄株的多核苷酸及其应用
WO2020253630A1 (zh) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-24 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所 一种用于鉴定银杏雌雄株的多核苷酸及其应用
US12000005B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2024-06-04 Agricultural Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Polynucleotide for identifying the sex of a Ginkgo biloba plant and use thereof
CN110484642A (zh) * 2019-08-20 2019-11-22 宁波检验检疫科学技术研究院 一种试剂盒、其应用以及银杏的实时荧光pcr检测方法
CN110484642B (zh) * 2019-08-20 2023-05-05 宁波检验检疫科学技术研究院 一种试剂盒、其应用以及银杏的实时荧光pcr检测方法
CN110923304A (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-03-27 浙江大学 一种用于鉴别银杏性别的分子标记、引物对和方法
CN111270002A (zh) * 2020-03-22 2020-06-12 临沂大学 一种银杏雌雄株性别早期鉴定的scar标记方法
WO2021190456A1 (zh) * 2020-03-24 2021-09-30 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所 一种基于代谢组全局分析的植物性别鉴定方法

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