CN103373225B - 用于机动车的传动系 - Google Patents

用于机动车的传动系 Download PDF

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CN103373225B
CN103373225B CN201310132039.4A CN201310132039A CN103373225B CN 103373225 B CN103373225 B CN 103373225B CN 201310132039 A CN201310132039 A CN 201310132039A CN 103373225 B CN103373225 B CN 103373225B
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prime mover
gear box
power train
auxiliary gear
output shaft
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CN103373225A (zh
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M·梅茨
U·潘瑟
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的传动系，包括主原动机和辅助原动机，该主原动机通过主变速器驱动机动车的驱动轴的轮，该主变速器通过变速器输出轴与支承在驱动轴上的第一差速器连接，该辅助原动机通过辅助变速器连接到所述变速器输出轴上，用于在低速度时驱动机动车。为了在使用所述辅助原动机时减小结构空间，所述辅助原动机、优选电动机相对于所述变速器输出轴同轴地设置。

Description

用于机动车的传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的传动系，包括主原动机和辅助原动机，该主原动机通过主变速器驱动机动车的驱动轴的轮，该主变速器通过变速器输出轴与支承在驱动轴上的第一差速器连接，该辅助原动机通过辅助变速器连接到所述变速器输出轴上，用于在低速度时驱动机动车。
背景技术
从文献WO00/20243A1中公开了一些机动车，在所述机动车中，在所述机动车的传动系内部的电动机连接通过变速器实现。此外公知的是，电动机设置相对于变速器输出轴轴线平行地设置并且通过辅助变速器和耦合元件、优选自由轮连接到所述变速器输出轴上。替代地，所述耦合元件也可以构造为离合器。所述离合器不能直接连接到所述变速器输出轴上，相反的是，在所述变速器输出轴上设置至少一个齿轮。
此外，应用启动-停止-自动装置的机动车是公知的。为此，在堵车或者在走走停停运行中由启动-停止-自动装置控制内燃机并且视交通工具是否停止而定使内燃机启动或者关停。如果所述内燃机处于运行中，则该内燃机通过换挡变速器或自动变速器和车轴差速器驱动所述机动车的载有轮子的驱动轴，由此使所述机动车运动。
在低速度时（在堵车或者在走走停停运行中，例如在城市行驶时会出现低速），内燃机必须总是重新启动。所述内燃机的经常启动和关停在此既不舒适，对于所述机动车的传动系的各部件的使用寿命又不有利。
发明内容
因此本发明的任务在于，给出一种用于机动车的传动系，其中，禁止在以低速行驶时主原动机的频繁重启。
根据本发明，所述任务通过以下方式解决，即，辅助原动机、优选电动机相对于所述变速器输出轴同轴地设置。这样的好处是，所述辅助原动机可以具有更大的直径，因此可以实现更有力的转矩。用于实现预给定的轴力矩的必要的传动比在此变得更小。这样的布置允许所述机动车在低速度时（如它在堵车行驶时和在走走停停运行中是必要的）能够纯电动行驶。即使启动-停止-自动装置导致所述构造为内燃机的主原动机关停，但是尽管如此在城市交通中仍可以通过配备小功率的辅助原动机缓慢行驶。因此也可以在所描述的状况中在无需重新启动内燃机的情况下实现机动车的缓慢移动，此外由于所述辅助原动机的较高力矩也可以实现较高的速度。
有利地，至少一个单级的辅助变速器设置在所述辅助原动机下游。通过这个辅助变速器调节所述希望的传动比用于实现预给定的轴力矩。
在一构型中，所述辅助变速器具有一用于全轮驱动的通往一个不可由主原动机驱动的轴的支线。通过这个支线以如下方式确保所述全轮驱动，即，借助于所述辅助原动机使所述不可由所述主原动机驱动的轴的轮移动，而由主原动机驱动所述驱动轴的轮。所述辅助变速器因此允许所述支线连接到所述变速器输出轴上。由此使得所述辅助原动机不仅可以加速可由所述主原动机驱动的轴而且也可以加速不可由主原动机驱动的轴。
在一个变型方案中，所述支线包括中间轴，该中间轴与第二差速器连接，该差速器控制不可由主原动机驱动的第二轴。由于这个非常简单的结构构型能够可靠地形成全轮驱动。
在一个改进方案中，所述支线具有用于接通或关断全轮驱动的第一解耦元件、优选离合器。通过操纵该第一解耦元件，驾驶员可以随时决定应不应该激活全轮驱动。
有利地，所述辅助变速器具有附加的用于使所述辅助原动机的力矩提高的变速器级。这个附加的变速器级提高在调节所述原动机力矩时的自由度并且在此实现有针对性地调节所述原动机力矩以驱动所述不可由所述主原动机驱动的轴。
在另一个实施例中，在所述辅助变速器的背离所述辅助原动机的输出侧的后面，第二解耦元件、优选离合器或者自由轮与所述变速器输出轴连接。这个第二解耦元件尤其通过所述辅助变速器相对于变速器输出轴的同轴布置可以直接连接到所述变速器输出轴上，这减少了在构造所述全轮驱动时的结构空间。此外，当主原动机关停时，激活的耦合元件使所述辅助原动机与所述可由所述主原动机驱动的驱动轴连接，由此使得所述辅助原动机驱动这个驱动轴。
所述第二解耦元件可以在此安装在所述变速器输出轴和所述辅助原动机之间的任意位置上。但是，为了把损耗功率减少到最低限度，优选所述第二解耦元件在所述辅助变速器的最后的变速器级后面与所述变速器输出轴连接，所述辅助变速器面向所述可通过主原动机驱动的驱动轴。只有在该构型中，在所述主原动机的运转时整个辅助变速器相对于所述辅助原动机停止并且不被牵引。
特别地，所述辅助原动机优选地在外部用法兰连接在所述辅助变速器的壳体上。这样的辅助变速器-辅助原动机-单元特别紧凑地构成并且可以代替在全轮驱动中设置的分动器使用。
在一个构型中，所述辅助变速器构造为行星齿轮变速器或者圆柱齿轮变速器。尤其在使用同样相对于变速器输出轴旋转对称地安装在所述传动系中的行星齿轮变速器时，在所述辅助原动机同轴安装的情况下得到特别紧凑并且节省结构空间的传动系。
附图说明
本发明允许很多的实施方式。借助于图中展示的附图进一步阐明所述实施方式之一。
附图中：
图1示出了一个根据本发明的带有行星齿轮变速器的传动系的第一实施例；
图2示出了一个根据本发明的带有圆柱齿轮变速器的传动系的第二实施例，其具有全轮驱动功能；
图3示出了一个根据图2的带有辅助变速器级的传动系；
图4示出了一个带有多级圆柱齿轮变速器的传动系。
相同的技术特征用相同的附图标记来表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个传动系1，比如它被使用在机动车中。在此，内燃机形式的主原动机2与具有变速器输出轴4的主变速器3连接，该变速器输出轴引向设置在机动车的驱动轴6上的第一轴差速器5。基于这样的构型，主原动机2驱动被连接到所述第一驱动轴6上的轮10、11。
安装为辅助原动机的、构造为外转子的电动机7与辅助变速器8连接，所述辅助变速器又实施为单级的或者多级的行星齿轮变速器。该辅助变速器8的最后的变速器级8a在此与离合器形式的耦合元件9连接，该耦合元件使所述电动机7与所述变速器输出轴4连接或者使该连接分开。所述电动机7和所述辅助变速器8在此作为紧凑的单元直接设置在所述主变速器3的输出端上，所述主变速器可以构造为自动变速器或手动换挡变速器。该辅助变速器8在此利用在全轮驱动时通常对于分动器设置的结构空间。所述电动机7不局限于外转子的形式，而是也可设想其他的电动机类型。
所述电动机7根据图1围绕所述变速器输出轴4同轴地设置。这样设置的优点是，所述电动机7具有更大的直径并且因此可以产生更强的转矩。所需的可通过所述辅助变速器8调节的、用于实现希望的轴力矩的变速比可由于所述电动机7的较大的形状而构造得较小。
所述离合器9可以安装在所述辅助变速器8的任意位置上，以便使所述辅助变速器8的部件解耦。但是特别有利的是，离合器9设置在所述辅助变速器8的最后的变速器级8a和所述变速器输出轴4之间，因为由此保证：所述辅助变速器8在所述变速器输出轴4通过所述主原动机2驱动时完全解耦并且因此所述辅助变速器8不被牵引。
所述离合器9例如构造为可转换的湿式离合器或者干式离合器，其贡献在于，所述电动机7通过旋转方向颠倒也可以被用来进行向后行驶。代替所述可转换的离合器9也可设想的是，在所述电动机7和所述变速器输出轴4之间连接自由轮，尤其是可转换的自由轮。
图2示出了一个传动系1，其中，所述辅助变速器8构造为两级的圆柱齿轮变速器。一个这样的辅助变速器8的使用提供了全轮驱动的可能性。为此，在图2中用虚线展示的中间轴12经过第二差速器13连接到不可由所述主原动机2驱动的轴14上。一个连接到所述中间轴12中的第二离合器15可以在需要时将由电动机7发出的力矩引导到所述不可由主原动机驱动的轴14上。该轴力矩在所展示的情况下很小，因为放弃了所述辅助变速器8的传动级，但是为此传递的转数更大了。
通过中间轴12和离合器15形式的附属驱动装置在一定程度上产生具有不同输出轴的两档变速器。如果所述电动机7的功率经过所述第一离合器9引导到所述也可通过所述主原动机2驱动的驱动轴6上，则通过所述电动机7可以在小转速的情况下将高的力矩传递到所述驱动轴6上。相应地能够仅仅以小的速度行驶。如果所述电动机7的功率经过所述第二离合器15传递到所述不可由主原动机驱动的轴14上，则至少省略一个传动级。相应地，可传递的力矩更小了，转数和因此同样机动车的可行驶的速度更大了。
由所述电动机7引导到所述离合器15的力矩的大小可以在一定的范围内通过构造为圆柱齿轮变速器的辅助变速器8的单个的变速器级的传动比的改变调节。在此，在所述原动机7和所述变速器输出轴4之间的总传动比保持不变。该总传动比通过所述电动机7以及在驱动轴6上要求的力矩的选择预给出。另一变速器级和因此同样所述中间轴12允许在离合器15上有针对性地调节所述电动机7的力矩。
图3示出了所述根据图2带有构造为圆柱齿轮变速器的辅助变速器8的传动系1，该辅助变速器具有一个辅助变速器级8b。因为对于电动的全轮驱动不可缺少的是，在不可通过所述主原动机2驱动的轴14上提供更大的力矩，因此通过所述离合器15将所述辅助变速器级8b引进到功率路径中。通过所述可转换的离合器15和所述电动机7在所述主原动机2运转期间可实现的解耦，所述电动机7通过旋转方向颠倒也用于进行向后行驶。替代地也可以应用转数控制的离合器15。
在接下来的表格中列举出单个的工作状态。VM在此代表所述构成为内燃机的主原动机2，EM代表电动机，K1代表所述离合器9并且K2代表所述离合器15。在所述离合器K1、K2中打叉意味着，在给出的行驶状态中所述离合器是闭合的并且在传动系中产生连接。
行驶状态 VM EM K1 K2
正常行驶状态 ×
电动启动 × ×
在较高速时电动共转 × ×
全轮 × × ×
余热利用 × × ×
在正常行驶状态中，两个离合器是打开的。所述构造为内燃机的主原动机2驱动机动车并且所述电动机7不工作。
对于电动行驶，所述主原动机2保持关掉。所述离合器9（K1）闭合并且通过电动机7（EM）进行驱动。如果超过一定的速度并且此外存在纯电动行驶的需求，则进行所述离合器9（K1）和15（K2）的叠化换挡。现在以另一变速比从所述电动机7向所述不可由所述主原动机2驱动的第二轴14进行驱动。如果调用更强的加速或更高的功率，则接通所述主原动机2（VM）并且两个离合器9,15（K1，K2）被打开。
假如行驶状态要求，也还可以与通过作用在驱动轴6上的主原动机2进行的驱动并行地通过所述电动机7驱动所述不可由所述主原动机2驱动的第二轴14。为此，所述离合器15(K2)闭合，而所述离合器9（K1）打开。在最后提到的状态中，离合器9（K1，打开）、离合器15(K2，闭合)可以在利用所述主原动机2行驶时通过所述被带动的驱动轴6进行余热利用。
图4示出了第二变型方案，如所述电动机7作为带有所述辅助变速器8的单元可以直接设置在所述主变速器3的输出端上。所述辅助变速器8在此构造为多级的圆柱齿轮变速器。所述电动机7同心地设置在所述变速器输出轴4上。同样在所述情况下，所述电动机7与所述辅助变速器8共同作为单元设置在所述机动车的主变速器3的输出端上，并且因此利用在全轮驱动时通常对于分动器设置的结构空间。
所阐明的传动系1在此适应于构造为带有后驱的前-纵置-原动机的主原动机2。但是也存在这样的可能性：将主原动机2作为用于前驱或者后驱的前-横置-原动机使用。由于所述本发明的布置，不仅所述可由主原动机2驱动的驱动轴6而且所述不可由主原动机2驱动的轴14的电动驱动是可能的。由于经过所述中间轴12和所述辅助变速器级8b的所述辅助驱动，所述电动行驶可达到50公里/小时的最高速度，而没有所述辅助变速器级8bd行驶只能实现最大25公里/小时。尤其是所述两档方案为提高在电动行驶时的最大速度做出了贡献。通过所述辅助变速器8的传动级的选择，在可由所述主原动机2驱动的驱动轴6和不可由所述主原动机2驱动的轴14间的转数比是可调节的。
所建议的方案允许将具有小功率的电动机7安放在用于全轮驱动的分动器的区域中。此外可能的是，在堵车或者在走走停停运行时使用所述电动机7进行纯电动行驶，其中，可以决定哪个轴应该通过电动机7驱动。因此，可以更舒适地构造启动-停止-系统并且可以有效地减少所述构造为内燃机的主原动机2的启动的数目。在堵车行驶时也可以在所述辅助变速器8的小档位中纯电动地行驶。因此，在这种状况中不进行主驱动原动机的频繁重启。由此使得所述电动机2负载更少并且延长其部件的使用寿命。
参考标记列表
1 传动系
2 主原动机
3 主变速器
4 变速器输出轴
5 差速器
6 驱动轴
7 电动机
8 辅助变速器
8a 变速器级
8b 辅助变速器级
9 耦合元件
10 轮
11 轮
12 中间轴
13 差速器
14 轴
15 离合器

Claims (9)

1.一种用于机动车的传动系，包括主原动机(2)和辅助原动机(7)，所述主原动机通过主变速器(3)驱动所述机动车的驱动轴(6)上的轮(10，11)，所述主变速器通过变速器输出轴(4)与支承在所述驱动轴(6)上的第一差速器(5)连接，所述辅助原动机通过辅助变速器(8)连接到所述变速器输出轴(4)上，用于在低速度时驱动所述机动车，其特征在于，所述辅助原动机(7)相对于所述变速器输出轴(4)同轴地设置，其中所述辅助原动机(7)为电动机，所述辅助变速器(8)具有通往不能由主原动机(2)驱动的第二轴(14)的支线，用于全轮驱动。
2.根据权利要求1的传动系，其特征在于，至少一个单级的辅助变速器(8)设置在所述辅助原动机(7)的下游。
3.根据权利要求2的传动系，其特征在于，所述支线包括与第二差速器(13)连接的中间轴(12)，所述差速器控制所述不能由所述主原动机(2)驱动的第二轴(14)。
4.根据权利要求3的传动系，其特征在于，所述支线具有用于接通或关断所述全轮驱动的第一解耦元件(15)。
5.根据上述权利要求1-4中任一项的传动系，其特征在于，所述辅助变速器(8)具有附加的用于提高力矩的变速器级(8b)。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的传动系，其特征在于，在所述辅助变速器(8)的背离所述辅助原动机(7)的输出侧的后面，第二解耦元件(9)与变速器输出轴(4)连接。
7.根据权利要求6的传动系，其特征在于，所述第二解耦元件(9)在所述辅助变速器(8)的最后的变速器级(8a)的后面与所述变速器输出轴(4)连接，所述辅助变速器面向能够通过所述主原动机(2)驱动的驱动轴(6)。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的传动系，其特征在于，所述辅助原动机(7)用法兰连接在所述辅助变速器(8)的壳体上。
9.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的传动系，其特征在于，所述辅助变速器(8)构造为行星齿轮变速器或者圆柱齿轮变速器。
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