CN103372986B - 柔性管体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
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- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
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- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
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- F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
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- F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种柔性管体和制造柔性管体的方法。该方法可包括:提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成柔性管体的聚合物层;从该聚合物层径向向外提供强度层;以及用非环境温度和压力处理该聚合物层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性管体及其制造方法。具体但不排除地,本发明涉及包括用于形成一层或多层柔性管体的热塑性材料的聚合物的应用,以及一种增强该聚合物特性的处理方法。
背景技术
传统柔性管用于从一个位置向另一位置运输产品流体,诸如油和/或气体和/或水。柔性管在连接海底位置(其可以是深水水下,例如1000米或更多)到海平面位置中特别有用。该管可以具有典型地高达约0.6米的内直径。柔性管一般形成为柔性管体和一种或多种端部配件的组件。该管体典型地形成为形成耐压管道的层状材料的组合体。该管结构允许大挠度而不引起在其整个使用期内损害管的功能性的弯曲应力。该管体一般制成为包括金属层和聚合物层的组合结构。
无粘合柔性管已经用于深水(小于3300英尺(1005.84米))开发和超深水(大于3300英尺)开发。对于石油的增长需求正在引起在越来越深的环境因素更极端的深度进行勘探。例如,在这种深水环境和超深水环境中,洋底温度增加产品流体冷却至可以导致管阻塞的温度的风险。增加的深度也增加与该柔性管必须工作的环境相关的压力。结果,增加了对来自该柔性管体层的高水平性能的需要。
柔性管也可以用于浅水应用(例如小于约500米深)或甚至用于海岸(陆路)应用。
在柔性管中经常使用可以通过挤出而形成的聚合物,诸如PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)。大部分聚合物将具有远大于材料损坏风险的特定的最大容许应变。在聚合物层邻接于铠装层(诸如聚合物阻挡层邻接金属压力铠装层)的柔性管中,该聚合物层可能会承受相当严重的不均一的高度局部应变。这是因为该铠装层通常由特定横截面的互锁线形成,而且在邻接的缠绕物之间具有特定间隙。在压力下,该聚合物层倾向于变形并进入到该间隙中。
依照行业法规,柔性管结构在销售之前必须经历工厂验收试验(FAT)。这包括在1.5倍的通常使用压力下用诸如水的流体来加压管孔。因此,水是加压介质。
对该管施加内部压力(即来自该孔内的压力)在所有的层中产生径向膨胀,而且这时聚合物层经历变形并倾向于进入到上覆的铠装层的间隙。在高压(约8000psi/55MPa或更高)下,聚合物层内所得的应变分布可能被高度集中到该间隙周围的区域,而聚合物材料会通过空化(cavitation)而不是塑性流动而变形。这可以反过来导致微裂纹(microcrazing)或微裂缝(microcracking)形成在聚合物层的径向内表面上。在任何后续的装载(诸如正常用于输送产品流体过程中经历的装载)过程中,此微裂纹可以随后延伸以形成遍及聚合物层的更长/更深的裂缝。这增加聚合物层的破坏风险,并最终导致压力密封损失。对柔性管的寿命具有不利的影响。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种制造柔性管体的方法,包括:
提供聚合物材料的管状长度(tubular length)以形成柔性管体的聚合物层;
从该聚合物层径向向外提供强度层;以及
用非环境温度和压力处理该聚合物层。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供一种制造柔性管体的方法,包括:
提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成柔性管体的聚合物层;
从该聚合物层径向向外提供强度层;以及
用化学品来处理该聚合物层的表面以从而改变该层的一种或多种物理性能。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供一种通过以下方法形成的柔性管体,所述方法包括:
提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成柔性管体的聚合物层;
从该聚合物层径向向外提供强度层;以及
用非环境温度和压力处理该聚合物层。
根据本发明的第四方面来提供一种通过以下方法形成的柔性管体,所述方法包括:
提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成柔性管体的聚合物层;
从该聚合物层径向向外提供强度层;以及
用化学品来处理该聚合物层的表面以从而改变该层的一种或多种物理性能。
根据本发明的第五方面,提供了基本上如本文中参照附图所述的方法,
根据本发明的第六方面,提供了基本上如本文中参照附图所述的柔性管体。
本发明的某些实施方式提供了以下优点,即提供已被处理的柔性管体以降低、抑制或完全防止微裂纹产生。
本发明的某些实施方式提供了以下优点,即提供处理柔性管体的方法,其中,流体可以首先用来处理该管体以降低、抑制或防止微裂纹产生,并随后在工厂验收试验中再使用。
附图说明
在下文中,参照附图进一步描述本发明的实施方式,其中:
图1示出了柔性管体;
图2示出了立管组件;
图3示出了提供柔性管体的方法;
图4示出了柔性管体的横截面;
图5示出了用于处理柔性管体的设备;以及
图6示出了提供柔性管的另一种方法。
具体实施方式
在附图中,相同的附图标记指代相同部件。
在整个说明书中,将参照柔性管。应理解,柔性管是管体的一部分和一个或多个端部配件的组件,在每个端部配件中,终止该管体的相应端部。图1示出了管体100如何根据本发明的实施方式由形成耐压管道的层状材料的组合形成。虽然许多具体的层示于图1中,但是应理解,本发明广泛地可适用于同轴管体结构,包括由各种可能的材料制成的两层或更多层。应进一步注意,该层厚度仅为说明目的而示出。
如图1所示,管体包括可选的最里面的胎体层(carcass layer)101。该胎体提供可用作最内层的互锁构造,以便全部地或部分地防止由管减压、外部压力以及拉伸铠装压力(tensile armour pressure)和机械断裂载荷而导致的内部压力护套102毁坏。应理解,本发明的某些实施方式适用于“平滑孔”操作(即没有胎体)以及“粗糙孔”应用(有胎体)。
内部压力护套102充当流体保留层,并包括确保内部流体完整性的聚合物层。应理解,此层本身可包括多个子层。应理解,当使用可选的胎体层时,该内部压力护套经常被本领域技术人员称作阻挡层。在没有这种胎体的操作(所谓的平滑孔操作)中,该内部压力护套可以称为衬里。
可选的压力铠装层103是具有布设角度(lay angle)接近90°的结构层,该结构层提高柔性管对内部压力和外部压力以及机械断裂载荷的抵抗力。该层也在结构上支持内部压力护套,并且典型地由互锁构造组成。
柔性管体还包括可选的第一拉伸铠装层105和可选的第二拉伸铠装层106。每个拉伸铠装层是具有典型10°~55°的布设角度的结构层。每个层用于承受拉伸载荷和内部压力。拉伸铠装层经常成对地相对缠绕。
所示的柔性管体还包括可选的带层104,该可选的带层104含有下层,并可以充当牺牲磨损层以帮助防止邻接层之间的磨损。
柔性管体典型地还包括可选的绝缘层107和外护套108,外护套108包括用于保护该管免受海水和其他外部环境的渗透、腐蚀、磨损和机械损坏的聚合物层。
每个柔性管包括管体100的有时被称为段或节的至少一个部分以及位于至少一个柔性管端部的端部配件。端部配件提供在该柔性管体和连接器之间形成过渡的机械器件。在该端部配件中以在该柔性管和连接器之间转移负载的方式终止例如图1所示的不同管层。
图2示出了适于从海底位置201向浮动设施202运输产品流体(诸如油和/或气体和/或水)的立管组件200。例如,在图2中,海底位置201包括海底出油管线。柔性出油管线205包括柔性管,该柔性管全部或部分搁在海床204上或埋在海床下,并用于静态应用。浮动设施可以通过平台和/或浮标或者如图2所示的船而提供。立管组件200提供为柔性立管,也就是说柔性管203连接船和海床装置。柔性管可以在具有连接的端部配件的柔性管体的段中。
应理解,如本领域技术人员所周知的,存在不同类型的立管。本发明的实施方式可用于任何类型的立管,诸如自由悬浮(无悬链线立管)、一定程度上受限的立管(浮标、链)、完全受限的立管或封闭在管子(I形管或J形管)内的立管。
图2还示出柔性管的部分是如何可以被用作出油管线205或跨接管线206。
图3示出了本发明制造柔性管体的实施方式。在第一步骤S11,提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成该柔性管体的聚合物层。在此实施例中,聚合物材料是作为该管体衬里的PVDF,并通过以已知方式挤压到芯轴上而提供。
在第二步骤S12中,强度层提供在衬里上,在此情况下该强度层是压力铠装层。压力铠装层由具有大致Z形横截面轮廓的碳钢细长条带形成。条带由线材轧制法形成以具有相应的外螺纹连接器部分和内螺纹连接器部分,使得该条带缠绕在邻接缠绕物互锁体的聚合物层上。
聚合物层402和强度层404的横截面示于图4。
在第三步骤S13中,处理阶段通过在压力和热下处理聚合物层来进行。热水用于加压该管体的孔,即冲入并被保持在管体内,并保持在压力下。因此,管体经受内部加压。来自热水的热将传导至该聚合物层并加热该聚合物层。
图5更详细地示出了处理阶段。流体入口管道502连接到加热器504。在此实施例中,水进入加热器504并被加热至约40℃。然后,水离开加热器并通过泵部件508而导入柔性管体501的第一端部506(在箭头A的方向上)。经历处理阶段的同时,将管体501方便地存储在卷轴510上。热水通过管线被泵吸,该管线通过排气孔512排气以从该系统中除去空气。从管体的第二端部514离开的水(在箭头B的方向上通过部分示出的管道516)再次循环回到加热器,直到整个系统的温度稳定在约40℃的预定温度。然后,通过阀关闭管体的第二端部514,且管体501通过使用泵508而加压到55MPa的预定压力并保持在该压力下2小时。
接着处理阶段,阀可以再打开以降低管体501内的压力回至环境压力,水冷却至环境温度,且使用相同的水通过加压管体至预定压力来对管体进行工厂验收试验。也就是说,处理阶段可以立即由FAT接着,而且对于两个阶段使用相同的设置和相同的流体。可替代地,FAT可以在单独的后期阶段中进行。该管体可排空水,切成更短的长度,然后将单独的长度再次终止并经受FAT。
图3的方法有效地提供了聚合物层的可控加压和变形,而没有损坏聚合物层。聚合物层通过加热而有些软化;贯穿该层的宽度将存在热梯度。材料软化与压力应用的组合引起聚合物材料移动成与强度层更紧密的关系,塑性且永久地移入存在于强度层的缠绕物之间的任何间隙406。
已发现,在某一特别温度下促使该聚合物进入该间隙有助于该聚合物部分流入间隙内,而无空化且在相对低的应力下。一旦该聚合物已经移动所需的量进入该间隙内,那么作为处理阶段的结果,该聚合物保持在那个位置,在温度移除后再次硬化。
通过上述发明,惊奇地发现,在已知的管布置中由于邻近间隙406而在高压(来自FAT或在使用中)下可能已承受的高局部应变的聚合物层的区域408在进一步的使用中并没有承受此高应变。也就是说,即使当管体经历在FAT或使用中的高压时,该应变水平不像其它已知布置一样高。这已证明在处理阶段后,在包括FAT和运输产品流体的应用的将来使用期间,会显著减少或完全防止聚合物层中的任何微裂纹产生。
可对如上所述的细节布置进行各种修改。例如,聚合物层可以是管体的任何层,并不限于衬里和阻挡层。强度层可类似为柔性管体的任何层,诸如压力铠装层、拉伸铠装层等。聚合物层不需要直接邻接强度层,可以有中间层,诸如牺牲带层。对于具有多于一个聚合物层的柔性管体,上述方法可以实施多于一次,以便依次或同时处理每个聚合物层。处理阶段可以在胎体层存在的阻挡层上进行,因为胎体层不是液封的,且允许加压流体在其间流动以进入聚合物阻挡层。
强度层可以不是上述碳钢线,但是可以由不锈钢条带、增强聚合物复合材料或其他这样合适材料制成,并具有任何合适的横截面。
用于处理阶段的温度、压力、保留时间和处理流体可以根据具体柔性管体材料、设计和未来FAT测试压力而选择。聚合物层可以是诸如PVDF的含氟聚合物、诸如PA-12的聚酰胺、诸如聚苯硫醚的另一种材料或它们的组合,且可以具有额外成分,诸如分散于其中的金属线或纳米颗粒。
适当地,处理阶段所用的温度是约30~100℃。该温度可以是例如30~90℃,30~80℃,30~70℃,30~60℃,30~50℃,或30~40℃。
适当地,处理阶段所用的压力是10~350MPa。压力可以是例如50~300MPa,50~250MPa,或更适当地为50~200MPa,50~150MPa,50~100MPa。
适当地,在应用压力和温度时,处理的持续时间可以是例如2分钟~24小时,5分钟~6小时,5分钟~4小时,或30分钟~3小时。
虽然上面的描述中涉及使用热水加压管体,但是可使用其他流体。例如,蒸汽、油、乙二醇或乙二醇与水的混合物可以用于上述方法。
热流体可以例如由具有独立或分开的加热系统的储存单元来提供,而不是由在预定温度下提供流体的加热器来提供。
可替代地,流体可以在环境温度下提供到柔性管体中,然后可从外部加热完整系统至均一的预定温度,然后对内部流体加压。
处理阶段可替代地在管体上以基本直线的配置或任何其它配置进行,而不是在卷轴上以缠绕(弯曲的)配置对管体进行处理阶段。
图6示出了本发明制造柔性管体的另一个实施方式。在第一步骤S21中,提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成该柔性管体的聚合物层。在此实施例中,该聚合物材料是作为管体衬里的PVDF,并通过已知方式挤压到芯轴上而提供。
在第二步骤S22中,强度层被提供在衬里上,在此情况下该强度层是压力铠装层。压力铠装层由具有大致Z形横截面轮廓的碳钢细长条带形成。该条带由线材轧制法形成以具有相应的外螺纹连接器部分和内螺纹连接器部分,使得该条带缠绕在邻接缠绕物互锁体的聚合物层上。
聚合物层402和强度层404的横截面通常如图4所示。
在第三步骤S33中,处理阶段通过用化学品处理聚合物层来进行。更具体地,用化学品浸泡该聚合物层的径向内表面,以便改变该层的至少一种物理性能。
现将描述处理阶段S33的实施例。类似图5所示设备的设备可以用于化学处理阶段。然而,加热器在此实施例中不是必须的(虽然可以被可选地使用)。
流体入口管道通过泵部件而连接到柔性管体的第一端部。经历处理阶段的同时,将管体方便地存储在卷轴上。然后泵吸丙酮通过管体。从管体的第二端部离开的丙酮可以重新循环回到管体的第一端部。此丙酮冲洗持续长达2小时。
处理阶段后,该管体然后可以通过加压管体到预定压力而立即或单独经历工厂验收试验。该管体可以切成较短的长度,然后使单独的长度经受FAT。在FAT的同时,该聚合物层可以仅膨胀进入强度层的间隙。然而,对内表面的化学处理足以降低应变并从而减少该层的微裂纹。
图6的方法有效地提供聚合物层的径向内表面以预定的时间长度暴露于丙酮中的处理阶段。该暴露引起径向内侧处的聚合物层的一部分的刚度发生变化,而没有引起聚合物层的有害劣化。该化学品充当半溶剂,具有软化聚合物而没有溶解聚合物的效果。
已发现,聚合物层径向内部分的处理在柔性管体的之后加压期间令人惊奇地具有减少或防止在聚合物层中产生微裂纹的作用。以可控的方式应用该处理,使得仅影响聚合物层的径向内表面处的部分。这种对聚合物层的表面的分子结构的改变足以防止产生微裂纹,即使该层径向外部部分(这是外部强度层中的间隙之间被施压的部分)没有被处理。认为,化学处理提高在内表面处在压力下该聚合物的弹性和刚性,足以防止微裂缝的引发。
可对如上所述的详细布置进行各种修改。例如,该聚合物层可以是管体的任何层,而不仅限于衬里或阻挡层。强度层可类似为柔性管体的任何层,诸如压力铠装层、拉伸铠装层等。聚合物层不需要直接邻接强度层,可以有中间层,诸如牺牲带层。对于具有多于一个聚合物层的柔性管体,上面描述的方法可以实施多于一次,以便依次或同时处理每个聚合物层。处理阶段可以在胎体层存在的阻挡层上进行,因为胎体层不是液封的,且允许加压流体在其间流动以进入聚合物阻挡层。
用于处理阶段的温度、压力、保留时间和处理化学品可以根据具体柔性管体材料、设计和未来FAT测试压力而选择。聚合物层可以是诸如PVDF的含氟聚合物、诸如PA-12的聚酰胺、诸如聚苯硫醚(PPS)的另一种材料或它们的组合,且可以具有额外成分,诸如分散于其中的金属线或纳米颗粒。
虽然对于该处理阶段不需要升高温度,但是在其他实施方式中,可以额外使用热,例如,高达100℃。
虽然化学品可以被泵吸或冲洗通过管体而足以使化学品与聚合物层充分接触(基本上注满管体孔),但是化学品的压力可以提升至高达350MPa或较低的量。
适当地,当应用化学品时,处理阶段的持续时间可以是例如2分钟~24小时、5分钟~6小时、5分钟~4小时或30分钟~3小时。
虽然上面的描述涉及使用丙酮,但是可以使用很多化学品,以便改变聚合物层的物理性能。化学品可以是烃油或流体;极性溶剂(诸如普通醇);非极性溶剂(例如苯或甲苯);或者离子液体溶剂或超临界液体溶剂。物理性能可以是形状、弹性模量、应力-应变关系、裂纹的阈值应变、表面硬度、表面张力、聚合物纤维链运动的摩擦、聚合物链分布的微观结构和密度中的一种或多种。
化学品可以以短暂的方式(诸如沿着管体的长度使流体的弹状物(slug)通过两块铸块(pig)之间)或另一种方式(诸如通过喷涂另一个邻接层的外表面或通过紧靠聚合物层缠绕掺杂带(液体包封带)并施加压力以引爆该包封体)而被喷涂到该层上,而不是用化学品冲洗或泵吸柔性管体的孔。可替代地,可在FAT测试本身期间使用化学品。
虽然上面实施方式描述了对聚合物层的内表面应用化学品,可替代地或另外地,可以处理该聚合物层的外表面。
本发明不限于示于图3和图6的流程图中的步骤顺序。
本领域技术人员清楚,涉及任何上述实施方式所描述的特征在不同实施方式之间可替换应用。上述实施方式是阐述本发明各种特征的实例。
在整个此说明书的描述和权利要求中,词语“包括”和“含有”及其变型意味着“包括但不限于”,并且它们不会(且不)排除其它部分、添加剂、成分、整数或步骤。在整个此说明书的描述和权利要求中,除非上下文另有要求,单数形式包括复数。特别是在使用不定冠词时,除非上下文另有要求,本说明书将理解为考虑多个以及单个。
结合本发明的特定方面、实施方式或实施例所描述的特征、整数、特性、化合物、化学部分或基团将理解为适用于本文所描述的任何其它方面、实施方式或实施例,除非与其不相容。此说明书(包括任何所附权利要求、摘要和附图)所公开的所有特征和/或如此公开的任何方法或过程的所有步骤可以以任意结合的方式相结合,除了至少一些这些特征和/或步骤相互排斥的结合。本发明并不限于任何前述实施方式的细节。本发明扩展到此说明书(包括任何所附权利要求、摘要和附图)中所公开的特征的任何一个新特征或任何新特征的组合,或扩展到如此公开的任何方法和过程的步骤的任何一个新步骤或任何新步骤的组合。
读者的注意力被引至与此申请相关的本说明书同时或之前递交且与此说明书一起开放给公众查阅的所有论文和文献,并且所有这些论文和文献的内容通过引用而并入本文。
Claims (6)
1.一种制造用于海底运输产品流体的柔性管体的方法,包括:
形成管体,所述管体包括内部管状热塑性层和强度层,所述强度层径向向外位于所述内部管状热塑性层的径向外部部分的外面,所述强度层在其邻接的缠绕物之间具有间隙;
用化学品处理所述热塑性层的径向内表面以提高所述热塑性层的弹性,其中,所述化学品具有软化聚合物而没有溶解聚合物的效果,
其中,所述处理减少所述热塑性层内的微裂纹产生,所述微裂纹由引起所述热塑性层的径向外部部分进入所述间隙内的所述管体的内部压力产生。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述处理的步骤包括:应用丙酮到所述热塑性层的所述表面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述热塑性层包括聚合物和另一种成分的复合混合物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述处理的步骤进行2分钟~24小时。
5.一种通过以下降低、抑制或完全防止微裂纹产生的方法形成的柔性管体,所述方法包括:
提供聚合物材料的管状长度以形成柔性管体的热塑性层;
从所述热塑性层径向向外提供强度层;以及
用化学品处理所述热塑性层的径向内表面以提高所述热塑性层的弹性,其中,所述化学品具有软化聚合物而没有溶解聚合物的效果。
6.根据权利要求5所述的柔性管体,其中,所述热塑性层是阻挡层或衬里,且所述强度层是压力铠装层。
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EP12164837.2A EP2653291B1 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2012-04-19 | Method of producing a flexible pipe body |
EP12164837.2 | 2012-04-19 |
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EP (3) | EP3034921B1 (zh) |
CN (3) | CN107718482B (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2013205311B2 (zh) |
BR (3) | BR122019024372B1 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2813262A1 (zh) |
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DE102011117401A1 (de) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-02 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines Bearbeitungsergebnisses bei einer Oberflächenbearbeitung von Bauteilen |
GB2514785A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-10 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Flexible pipe body layer and method of producing same |
FR3009856B1 (fr) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-08-21 | Technip France | Procede de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible |
WO2015028025A1 (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-05 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | A flexible pipe |
GB201319099D0 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2013-12-11 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Detection apparatus and method |
FR3016019B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-01-01 | Technip France | Conduite tubulaire flexible a haute resistance et procede de fabrication |
GB201411874D0 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-08-20 | Wellstream Int Ltd | Curvature sensor and sensing method |
DE102014217372A1 (de) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines lokal verstärkten Profilbauteils |
WO2016034181A1 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | An unbonded flexible pipe |
BR112017012641B1 (pt) | 2014-12-17 | 2021-07-13 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Tubo compósito, seu método de formação e aparelho |
CN105175845A (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽春辉仪表线缆集团有限公司 | 一种汽车用耐化学腐蚀电缆料及其制备方法 |
CA2994739C (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2023-08-22 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | An unbonded flexible pipe |
FR3042840B1 (fr) * | 2015-10-27 | 2018-07-06 | Technip France | Methode de mise en pression de l'espace interne d'ecoulement d'une conduite flexible destinee au transport d'hydrocarbures |
TW201722699A (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-01 | 聖高拜塑膠製品公司 | 複合管及其製造與使用方法 |
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GB201905431D0 (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-05-29 | Victrex Mfg Ltd | Improved pipe and method of production |
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