CN103361180B - Extraction method of plant essential oil - Google Patents
Extraction method of plant essential oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103361180B CN103361180B CN201310303360.4A CN201310303360A CN103361180B CN 103361180 B CN103361180 B CN 103361180B CN 201310303360 A CN201310303360 A CN 201310303360A CN 103361180 B CN103361180 B CN 103361180B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction method of plant essential oil. The extraction method includes blending, puffing, extraction and other processes. By combining the puffing technology with other processes, structural properties of plant raw materials are improved, and the essential oil component can be easy to escape. Subsequently, ultrasonic reinforced supercritical or subcritical extraction is employed to acquire the plant essential oil. The essential oil product prepared by the method has fewer impurities and high quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extracting process of plants essential oil, belong to natural product manufacture field.
Background technology
Essential oil, claims again volatile oil, and English name essential oil is the general name that the class that contains in plant has the oily composition of aromatic odour.It is mixture, concrete comparison of ingredients complexity, and main fatty compounds and aromatics, comprise alcohols, ester class, phenols, ethers, terpenes etc.
Scientific research discovery, plant-derived essential oil mostly has the nerve of releiving, calmness, antibacterial bacteriostatic, beauty treatment, treatment disease texts, is widely used in medical science, food, essence and flavoring agent industry.For example, Flos Rosae Rugosae quintessence oil has anti-melancholy, it is nervous to alleviate, and improves spirit, makes people's excitement, assists body circulation, can shrink capillary blood vessel, and cholecystitis, conjunctivitis, ophthalmia are had to antiinflammation, can purify the blood, sharp spleen, stomach invigorating, benefit body, preventing or arresting vomiting are told etc.Peppermint essential oil throat-clearing throat-moistening, offset the good effect of antihalitosis, can shrink capillary blood vessel, get rid of vivotoxin, improve eczema, tinea, releive itch, inflammation and burning, soft skin, eliminates blackhead, be of value to oiliness hair quality and skin quality, the curative effect of the body and mind of releiving in addition.
Derived essential oil is the essence of plant, and content is few, and percentage extraction neither be very high, therefore, and price general charged costliness.Current essential oil extracting process mainly contains steam distillation, using microwave-assisted, ultrasonic wave auxiliary extraction method, overcritical, subcritical abstraction etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of extracting process of plants essential oil, from plant, extract natural volatile oil component.Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
An extracting process for plants essential oil, it comprises the steps:
Allotment: add W-Gum, tapioca (flour) or the wheat starch of raw material weight 10%-20% in plant material, regulating mixture moisture content is 20wt%-25wt%, and making beating, stirs;
Expanded: to adopt screw extrusion, air current puffing or microwave bulking technology, make mixture expanded after treatment, then beat powder, cross 20-60 mesh sieve; The parameter of screw extrusion processing is: screw speed 180-220r/min, and extrusion temperature 110-150 DEG C, rate of feeding is 15-25r/min; Air current puffing technical finesse parameter is: service temperature 60-80 DEG C, and bulking pressure is poor is 200-400kPa, expanded time 40-80min; Microwave bulking technical parameter is: microwave power 1000-2000w, treatment time 2-4min;
Extraction: adopt overcritical or subcritical abstraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting in extraction, obtain derived essential oil; Supercritical extraction parameter: supercritical CO
2extraction, supercritical operation pressure 30-40MPa, temperature 35-45 DEG C, extraction time 60-80min; Subcritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 10-15MPa, temperature 20-30 DEG C, extraction time 20-40min; Subcritical Water Extraction, extracting pressure 12-16MPa, temperature 120-130 DEG C, extraction time 30-50min; In extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 150-250W/L, ultrasonic frequency 20-25kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is irradiation time 5-10s, intermittent time 5-10s.
In the extracting process of above-mentioned plants essential oil, plant, starch mixture after extraction essential oil use as feed.
Further preferred, described plant is: orchid, sweet osmanthus, Flos Caryophylli, Tea Flower, Rose, Flos Rosae Chinensis, peppermint, lavandula angustifolia, fennel, Semen Myristicae, Chinese cassia tree, anise, tsaoko, Rosmarinus officinalis, a kind of and other plants that can extract essential oil in ginger, Chinese prickly ash, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, shaddock ped, orange peel, orange peel.
The present invention is compared with existing essential oil extraction scheme, tool has the following advantages and technique effect: (1) utilizes puffing technology, under the synergy of other techniques, make the cellularstructure of plant material become loose, cell wall rupture, be conducive to the extraction of subsequent fine oil component, improve essential oil yield.(2) in plant material, add starch, the one, in order to ensure expansion effect, the 2nd, for the residue that makes to extract after essential oil has utility value.(3) the existing starch substance of extract residue, also mainly contains plant fiber component, can be used as animal-feed, thereby realizes the comprehensive utilization of raw material, turns waste into wealth.(4) to the more sensitive essential oil product of ratio of specific heat, be applicable to selecting air current puffing and supercritical CO
2, subcritical CO
2abstraction technique; To the insensitive essential oil product of heat, can select screw extrusion, microwave bulking and Subcritical Water Extraction technology.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, enforcement of the present invention is described further, but enforcement of the present invention and protection are not limited to this.
Embodiment mono-: choose quality good, non-rot sweet osmanthus is raw material; Add the W-Gum of raw material weight 10%, regulate mixture moisture content at 20wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt air current puffing technology, 70 DEG C of service temperatures, bulking pressure is poor is 300kPa, expanded time 60min makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 20 mesh sieves; Adopt supercritical CO
2extraction, supercritical operation pressure 30MPa, 40 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 60min, in extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 150W/L, ultrasonic frequency 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is ultrasonic continuous irradiation time/ultrasonic intermittent time of 10s/10s(), obtain derived essential oil; Plant, starch mixture after extraction essential oil can be used as feed and uses.
Embodiment bis-: choose quality good, non-rot Chinese cassia tree is raw material; Add the tapioca (flour) of raw material weight 20%, regulate mixture moisture content at 25wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt twin screw extruding and puffing technology, screw speed 200r/min, 130 DEG C of extrusion temperatures, rate of feeding is 20r/min, makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 40 mesh sieves; Adopt Subcritical Water Extraction, extracting pressure 15MPa, 120 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 40min, in extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 250W/L, ultrasonic frequency 25kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is ultrasonic continuous irradiation time/ultrasonic intermittent time of 5s/5s(), obtain derived essential oil; Plant, starch mixture after extraction essential oil can be used as feed and uses.
Embodiment tri-:
Choose quality good, non-rot ginger is raw material; Add the wheat starch of raw material weight 15%, regulate mixture moisture content 22%, making beating, stirs; Adopt microwave bulking technology, microwave power 1500w, treatment time 2min, makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 60 mesh sieves; Adopt subcritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 12MPa, 25 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 30min adds intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 200W/L, ultrasonic frequency 20kHz in extraction, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is ultrasonic continuous irradiation time/ultrasonic intermittent time of 8s/8s(), obtain derived essential oil; Plant, starch mixture after extraction essential oil can be used as feed and uses.
Embodiment tetra-:
Choose quality good, non-rot pomelo peel is raw material; Add the W-Gum of raw material weight 20%, regulate mixture moisture content at 25wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt single screw extrusion, screw speed 220r/min, 140 DEG C of extrusion temperatures, rate of feeding is 15r/min, makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 40 mesh sieves; Adopt Subcritical Water Extraction, Subcritical Water Extraction, extracting pressure 16MPa, 130 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 30min; In extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 250W/L, ultrasonic frequency 25kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is ultrasonic continuous irradiation time/ultrasonic intermittent time of 10s/10s(), obtain derived essential oil; Plant, starch mixture after extraction essential oil can be used as feed and uses.
Table 1 is in the situation that other conditions are identical, adopts the correlation data of technique scheme of the present invention and existing methodical essential oil yield, and as known from Table 1, the present invention has significantly improved essential oil yield.
The comparison of table 1 essential oil yield
Claims (6)
1. an extracting process for plants essential oil, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Allotment: add W-Gum, tapioca (flour) or the wheat starch of raw material weight 10%-20% in plant material, regulating mixture moisture content is 20wt%-25wt%, and making beating, stirs; Described plant is: orchid, sweet osmanthus, Flos Caryophylli, Tea Flower, Rose, Flos Rosae Chinensis, peppermint, lavandula angustifolia, fennel, Semen Myristicae, Chinese cassia tree, anise, tsaoko, Rosmarinus officinalis, one in ginger, Chinese prickly ash, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, shaddock ped, orange peel, orange peel;
Expanded: to adopt screw extrusion, air current puffing or microwave bulking technology, make mixture expanded after treatment, then beat powder, cross 20-60 mesh sieve; The parameter of screw extrusion processing is: screw speed 180-220r/min, and extrusion temperature 110-150 DEG C, rate of feeding is 15-25 r/min; Air current puffing technical finesse parameter is: service temperature 60-80 DEG C, and bulking pressure is poor is 200-400kPa, expanded time 40-80min; Microwave bulking technical parameter is: microwave power 1000-2000w, treatment time 2-4min;
Extraction: adopt overcritical or subcritical abstraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting in extraction, obtain derived essential oil; Supercritical extraction parameter: supercritical CO
2extraction, supercritical operation pressure 30-40MPa, temperature 35-45 DEG C, extraction time 60-80min; Subcritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 10-15MPa, temperature
20-30dEG C, extraction time 20-40min; Subcritical Water Extraction, extracting pressure 12-16MPa, temperature 120-130 DEG C, extraction time 30-50min; In extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 150-250W/L, ultrasonic frequency 20-25kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is irradiation time 5-10s, intermittent time 5-10s.
2. a kind of extracting process of plants essential oil according to claim 1, the plant, the starch mixture that it is characterized in that extracting after essential oil use as feed.
3. the extracting process of plants essential oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Choosing non-rot sweet osmanthus is raw material; Add the W-Gum of raw material weight 10%, regulate mixture moisture content at 20wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt air current puffing technology, 70 DEG C of service temperatures, bulking pressure is poor is 300kPa, expanded time 60min makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 20 mesh sieves; Adopt supercritical CO
2extraction, supercritical operation pressure 30MPa, 40 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 60min, in extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 150W/L, ultrasonic frequency 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is every irradiation 10s, and intermittently 10s, obtains derived essential oil.
4. the extracting process of plants essential oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Choosing non-rot Chinese cassia tree is raw material; Add the tapioca (flour) of raw material weight 20%, regulate mixture moisture content at 25wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt twin screw extruding and puffing technology, screw speed 200r/min, 130 DEG C of extrusion temperatures, rate of feeding is 20 r/min, makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 40 mesh sieves; Adopt Subcritical Water Extraction, extracting pressure 15MPa, 120 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 40min adds intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 250W/L in extraction, ultrasonic frequency 25 kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is intermittently 5s of every irradiation 5s, obtains derived essential oil.
5. the extracting process of plants essential oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Choosing non-rot ginger is raw material; Add the wheat starch of raw material weight 15%, regulate mixture moisture content at 22wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt microwave bulking technology, microwave power 1500w, treatment time 2min, makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 60 mesh sieves; Adopt subcritical CO
2extraction, extracting pressure 12MPa, 25 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 30min adds intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting in extraction, ultrasonic power density 200W/L, ultrasonic frequency 20kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is intermittently 8s of every irradiation 8s, obtains derived essential oil.
6. the extracting process of plants essential oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Choosing non-rot pomelo peel is raw material; Add the W-Gum of raw material weight 20%, regulate mixture moisture content at 25wt%, making beating, stirs; Adopt single screw extrusion, screw speed 220r/min, 140 DEG C of extrusion temperatures, rate of feeding is 15 r/min, makes mixture expanded after treatment, then beats powder, crosses 40 mesh sieves; Adopt Subcritical Water Extraction, Subcritical Water Extraction, extracting pressure 16MPa, 130 DEG C of temperature, extraction time 30min; In extraction, add intensified by ultrasonic wave effect of extracting, ultrasonic power density 250W/L, ultrasonic frequency 25kHz, ultrasound wave irradiation mode is intermittently 10s of every irradiation 10s, obtains derived essential oil.
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Effective date of registration: 20160712 Address after: 527200 Guangdong city of Yunfu province Luoding City Tan bin Zhen Hui Ling Patentee after: Luoding Hao spice Co., Ltd. Address before: 511458 Guangdong city of Guangzhou province Nansha District City Ring South Road No. 25 Hua University Guangzhou Research Institute Patentee before: South China University of Technology |