CN103355096B - Production process capable of shortening fungus age in factorization production of hypsizygus marmoreus - Google Patents
Production process capable of shortening fungus age in factorization production of hypsizygus marmoreus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production process capable of shortening a fungus age in the factorization production of hypsizygus marmoreus. The production process comprises bagging, sterilization, cooling inoculation, fungus generation culturing, after-ripening treatment, bag opening, fruiting management, harvesting and packaging. During the after-ripening treatment, fungus bags subjected to the fungus generation culturing are placed in an after-ripening treatment chamber for culturing, a culturing process consists of two to three treatment cycles which are sequentially repeated, and each treatment cycle consists of (1) a low-temperature treatment stage and (2) a normal-temperature treatment stage. In each low-temperature treatment stage, temperature is 12 to 15 DEG C, relative air humidity is over 85 percent, the fungus bags are intermittently illuminated once for 30 minutes every 2 to 3 hours by using uniform light of more than 200lux, and the treatment time of each low-temperature treatment stage is 3d. In each normal-temperature treatment stage, temperature is 22 to 25 DEG C, relative air humidity is less than 70 percent, and the treatment time of each normal-temperature treatment stage is 2d. According to the production process, the after-ripening treatment time for the factorization production of the hypsizygus marmoreus can be effectively shortened, so that the fungus age in the factorization production of the hypsizygus marmoreus and the production cycle are shortened, the production cost is lowered, economic benefits are improved, and the effects of saving energy, reducing the consumption, saving the cost and improving the efficiency are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bacterial strain production technology, particularly a kind of production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age.
Background technology
Bai Zhenji mushroom has another name called beautiful gill fungus, white beech mushroom, the title of " fragrant at matsutake; taste is at jade " is had in Japan, it is rich in lysine, arginine, glucan, have promote that juvenile intelligence is grown, anticancer, reduce cholesterol, improve the effect such as body immunity, be Rare edible fungus new varieties newly developed in recent years, firmly get consumer and like, at home and abroad there are wide market prospects.The factorial praluction of current true Ji mushroom obtains throughout the country and develops fast, the management technique that its bacterium is cultivated is substantially all carry out sending out bacterium under the bacterium bag connecting bacterium is formed on 20-25 DEG C of condition to cultivate, coordinate and suitably ventilate, meet the requirement of mycelial growth to temperature and air, usually sending out bacterium incubation time is 35-45 days, and some producer of difference according to planting technique even sends out bacterium and cultivates the just 60 day time of cost.After mycelia purseful, still the indwelling of bacterium bag is carried out After-mature cultivation in culturing room, incubation time 45-60 days.After bacterium maturation pending, then proceed to out bag and management of producing mushroom.The above method cell age time is long, at least takes more than 90 days, adds management of producing mushroom and also takes about 30 days, and the whole production cycle is usually more than 120 days.As everyone knows, edible fungus industrial need of production builds industrialized agribusiness room and mushroom room, configuration cooling installation, the length of cell age is directly connected to the availability of storehouse i.e. the number of turnover in the unit interval, have enough to meet the need faster, storehouse availability is higher, and investment in fixed assets is less, thus cost is lower, otherwise benefit is just higher.Simultaneously, bacterium bag is cultivated and still will be kept corresponding temperature and pure and fresh air in storehouse, only has the time when bacterium bag is placed in storehouse shorter, and energy consumption could be relatively low, thus reduce the unit cost of bacterium bag, increase substantially white hypsizigus marmoreus in factory productivity effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age, this production technology effectively can shorten the Aging storage time of factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom, thus shorten cell age and the production cycle of factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom, reduce production cost (i.e. single bacterium bag fixed investment occupancy volume and saving energy consumption), increase economic efficiency, reach effect that is energy-saving and cost-reducing and cost-saving synergistic.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age, and it comprises the following steps: bag, sterilizing, cooling inoculation, send out bacterium cultivation, Aging storage, open bag, management of producing mushroom and packaging of gathering; It is characterized in that: described Aging storage step the bacterium bag after sending out bacterium and cultivating is placed in Aging storage room cultivate, and whole incubation is made up of two-three treatment cycles repeated successively, and each treatment cycle was made up of following two stages:
First stage: low temperature treatment stage, the temperature of this stage control Aging storage room is 12-15 DEG C, and relative air humidity is more than 85%, keeps storehouse with fresh air, and every 2-3h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min; Processing time is 3d;
Second stage: the processing stage of normal temperature, the temperature of this stage control Aging storage room is 22-25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is less than 70%, keeps storehouse with fresh air; Processing time is 2d.
State in the Aging storage step described in technical scheme on the invention, each stage of each treatment cycle all by the 1 time/2-3h that takes a breath to keep storehouse with fresh air.
The relative air humidity of the first stage of each treatment cycle is preferably 85%, preferably every 2h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min; The relative air humidity of the second stage of each treatment cycle is preferably 65%.
In addition, further improvement of the present invention is as follows: when to open bag, also can carry out slight mycelium stimulation process to bacterium bag surface.The method of operating of described slight mycelium stimulation process is as follows: scratch the old bacterial classification block of charge level with comparatively sharp palladium or shovel, and only carry out slight mechanical stimulus to charge level.
Opening one's minds of production technology of the present invention utilizes temperature, light, wet triple induction, promote that mycelia is to raw-material decomposition, impel the quick after-ripening of bacterium bag, shorten latter stage of ripening, and carry out slight mycelium stimulation process when to open bag, thus the problem that when solving true true No. 2 cellar cultures in Ji mushroom Fujian, cell age is longer, its cell age shortens to 60-70 days by conventional 90-100d, and make the whole production cycle shorten 20-30 days, output aspect no significant difference (namely difference is not remarkable) compared with former conventional method after shortening cell age, fruit body color and luster is pure white, piece type rounding, smooth surface, commodity property is good.Concrete grammar of the present invention is: in Aging storage step, utilizes thermal stimulation to interrupt the nourishing and growing of mycelia, promote reproductive growth, coordinate light induction (illumination can adopt portable illumination simultaneously, also batch (-type) illumination can be adopted, intensity of illumination is at more than 200lux, in fact, portable illumination is owing to moving on to another side from this side, namely intermittent illumination for individual), can according to existing utility equipment in actual production, carry out every 2h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min, processing time is 3d, require uniform illumination between all angles and layer frame, and require that simultaneously During Illumination coordinates low temperature stimulation to carry out (namely carrying out when the low temperature treatment stage), time until Aging storage room returns normal temperature processing stage, stop illumination, move in circles with this, the moisture management also change that be combined with temperature the same as illumination management carries out, that is utilize low temperature stimulation when the low temperature treatment stage cultivates, keep higher relative air humidity, its relative air humidity requires to reach more than 85%, and when cultivating normal temperature processing stage, its humidity also turns back to the humidity (lower than 70%) needed for cellar culture, moves in circles with this, in addition, the present invention also requires that process workshop air is fresh, and no matter how temperature, humidity change, and all wants the fresh air having abundance in holding chamber, indoor fresh air can derive from ambient atmos namely to carry out indoor-outdoor air and directly carries out air exchange, namely usually said ventilation.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention effectively can shorten the cell age of factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom, shorten the cycle that white hypsizigus marmoreus in factory is produced, thus not only reduce production cost (i.e. single bacterium bag fixed investment occupancy volume and saving energy consumption), increase economic efficiency, make more general public can enjoy the true Ji mushroom product of super quality and competitive price, and reach effect that is energy-saving and cost-reducing and cost-saving synergistic.
(2) operating procedure of the present invention is simple, can guarantee the quality safety health of product.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, content of the present invention is described in detail:
Embodiment 1:
Its technique comprises following processing step:
1, bag.Comprise three links such as batching, spice, pack, factorial praluction true Ji mushroom formula kind is a lot, and the present invention selects the group of formula that our province is comparatively conventional, with volume ratio 3 parts of cotton seed hullss, 1 part of corncob (or wood chip, or bacterium grass meal, or bagasse etc.), 1 part of wheat skin, be aided with appropriate fine particle calcium carbonate and lime, when spice completes, regulate pH value to be about 8, water content is about 62%, with sack filling machine pack, the heavy 1-1.1kg/ bag of wet feed, frames up and send sterilizing chamber.
2, sterilizing.Sterilizing can adopt autoclaving, also normal-pressure sterilization can be adopted, the present embodiment adopts full-automatic high-pressure sterilizing, namely vacuum is-0.05, vacuumizes 2 times, maintains 40min under being warmed up to 105 DEG C of conditions, then 40min is maintained under being warmed up to 115 DEG C of conditions, then be warmed up to 125 DEG C of voltage stabilizing sterilizing 150min, sterilizing terminates rear boiling in a covered pot over a slow fire and puts 40min, is cooled to less than 80 DEG C and comes out of the stove.
3, cooling inoculation.After sterilizing completes, open sterilizer door when actuator temperature subject to sterilization is down to below 80 DEG C bacterium bag to be moved on between 100,000 grades of fresh breeze cooling vehicles and cool, when bacterium bag temperature drops to below 60 DEG C, bacterium bag is moved into ten thousand grades strong cold strong cold, when in bacterium bag, composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature is down to below 28 DEG C, can inoculate, be seeded in hundred grades of cleaning shops, and under being in the condition of malleation, by sterility requirements, continuous productive process is inoculated.
4, send out bacterium to cultivate.In order to save energy cost, the present embodiment adopts cascade storehouse to cultivate, by selecting peripheral insulation material, regulate and control cascade water temperature and set rational storage capacity, guarantee culturing room's temperature summer not higher than 28 DEG C, winter is not less than 20 DEG C and cultivates, do not consider summer to ventilate, winter, according to temperature height proper ventilation, namely reaches the custom requirements of Bai Zhenji mushroom cultural hypha to temperature and air.
5, Aging storage.Under cascade storehouse constant temperature culture condition, general 35-40d mycelia can purseful, the present embodiment the bacterium bag sending out bacterium cultivation more than 51d is moved into Aging storage workshop carry out processing (the disposable immigration of 5d output), whole processing procedure is made up of the treatment cycle that two repeat successively, and each treatment cycle was made up of following two stages:
First stage, control Aging storage workshop temperature at about 14 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 85%, and 1 time/2h takes a breath, and keeps storehouse with fresh air, every 2h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min, processing time 3d.
Second stage, control Aging storage workshop temperature at about 24 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 65%, and 1 time/2h takes a breath, and keeps storehouse with fresh air, processing time 2d.
After completing a treatment cycle, carry out again second treatment cycle, namely return and process by first stage processing mode, the bacterium bag that now second batch need be able to be processed moves into Aging storage workshop (being also the output of 5d); After completing, then continue process by second stage requirement, processing mode according to this cycle of modes is reciprocal, often criticizes the total coprocessing of bacterium bag and is about the 10d time, namely from the 11st day, opens a bag fruiting to the bacterium bag of first time process.
6, bag is opened.Have mycelia guttation symptom through the bacterium bag surface of Aging storage, observe bacterium bag surface and seem comparatively sturdy along bag wall mycelia, bacterium bag becomes comparatively soft, and rich surface is flexible, now should open bag in time, if overlong time, causing surface to form former base can affect certain output.Opening a bag method is take out cotton plug (or filtering cover), the collar, sack is folded, sack is made to be about 5cm from charge level height, wipe a bag wall attachment, scratch charge level old bacterial classification block with comparatively sharp palladium or shovel and slight mechanical stimulus is carried out to charge level, also claiming gently to scratch, mycelium stimulation backsight material surface dry and wet condition, every bag is sprayed 20-50ml clear water, bacterium bag is moved on to mushroom producing multi-layer shelf, covers moisturizing covering.
7, management of producing mushroom.Ways of fruiting is fruiting in the usual way, and specific requirement is: the first stage, and mushroom room temperature controls at 12-15 DEG C, and every day, to covering watering twice, keeps blanket surface moistening, and storehouse relative moisture is more than 85%, and every 2h ventilation once, maintains the about 3d time; Second stage, namely puts 3-8d in storage at bacterium bag, and except processing by first stage requirement, another every 2h gives more than 200lux illumination 30min; Phase III, about 8-10d after bacterium bag warehouse-in, charge level forms needlepoint type mushroom bud gradually, now mushroom room temperature still should be controlled at 12-15 DEG C, every day, keep blanket surface moistening, storehouse relative moisture was more than 90% to covering watering twice, every 1h ventilation once, increase amount of oxygen, keep every 2h to give more than 200lux illumination 30min, guarantee the synchronous growth of young shoot, to capture high yield, last about 3d; Fourth stage, is also at bacterium bag warehouse-in about 10-12d, now can increases light application time to 30min/h, keep last stage temperature and ventilation, allows a large amount of thin bud shape form the young small mushroom bud of uniform band cap; Five-stage, after cap is formed, 12-15d namely after bacterium bag warehouse-in, the moisturizing thing covering bacterium bag can be opened, depending on fruit body cap size and growth regularity situation, still keep 12-15 DEG C, reduce or stop ventilating, utilize illumination that the fruit body that growth is uneven is suppressed neat further, improve output; In 6th stage, fruit body extends the stage, now to keep storehouse humidity, mushroom room temperature can be brought up to 14-16 DEG C, closes and ventilates and illumination, and improve gas concentration lwevel, fruit body stem can be extended rapidly, and about 8-10d just can gather.
8, gather and packaging.
Treat that fruit body stem is elongated to 18-20cm, gather during bacteria cover diameter≤1.5cm, enter precooling storehouse after gathering and fruit body is chilled to less than 4 DEG C rapidly in advance, but can not freeze, have ready conditions and can pack by low temperature make-up room below 15 DEG C, also can carry out fast package under normal temperature condition.
Implement 2:
Embodiment 2 is except the 5th Aging storage step is as described below, and all the other steps are with embodiment 1:
Aging storage: the bacterium bag sending out bacterium cultivation more than 51d is moved into Aging storage workshop and carries out processing (the disposable immigration of 5d output), whole processing procedure is made up of the treatment cycle that two repeat successively, and each treatment cycle was made up of following two stages:
First stage, control Aging storage workshop temperature at about 12 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 90%, and 1 time/3h takes a breath, and keeps storehouse with fresh air, every 3h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min, processing time 3d.
Second stage, control Aging storage workshop temperature at 22 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 70%, and 1 time/3h takes a breath, and keeps storehouse with fresh air, processing time 2d.
After completing a treatment cycle, carry out again second treatment cycle, namely return and process by first stage processing mode, the bacterium bag that now second batch need be able to be processed moves into Aging storage workshop (being also the output of 5d); After completing, then continue process by second stage requirement, processing mode according to this cycle of modes is reciprocal, often criticizes the total coprocessing of bacterium bag and is about the 10d time, namely from the 11st day, opens a bag fruiting to the bacterium bag of first time process.
Implement 3:
Embodiment 3 is except the 5th Aging storage step is as described below, and all the other steps are with embodiment 1:
Aging storage: the bacterium bag sending out bacterium cultivation more than 51d is moved into Aging storage workshop and carries out processing (the disposable immigration of 5d output), whole processing procedure is made up of the treatment cycle that two repeat successively, and each treatment cycle was made up of following two stages:
First stage, control Aging storage workshop temperature at about 15 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 88%, and 1 time/2.5h takes a breath, and keeps storehouse with fresh air, every 2.5h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min, processing time 3d.
Second stage, control Aging storage workshop temperature at 25 DEG C, relative air humidity is adjusted to 60%, and 1 time/2.5h takes a breath, and keeps storehouse with fresh air, processing time 2d.
After completing a treatment cycle, carry out again second treatment cycle, namely return and process by first stage processing mode, the bacterium bag that now second batch need be able to be processed moves into Aging storage workshop (being also the output of 5d); After completing, then continue process by second stage requirement, processing mode according to this cycle of modes is reciprocal, often criticizes the total coprocessing of bacterium bag and is about the 10d time, namely from the 11st day, opens a bag fruiting to the bacterium bag of first time process.
Implement 4:
Embodiment 4 makes treatment cycle into three cycles by two cycles when the 5th Aging storage step, and all the other steps are with embodiment 1.
Implement 5:
Embodiment 5 makes treatment cycle into three cycles by two cycles when the 5th Aging storage step, and all the other steps are with embodiment 2.
Implement 6:
Embodiment 6 makes treatment cycle into three cycles by two cycles when the 5th Aging storage step, and all the other steps are with embodiment 3.
The cell age of above-described embodiment shortens to 60-70 days by conventional 90-100d, the whole production cycle is made to shorten 20-30 days, and output aspect no significant difference (namely difference is not remarkable) compared with former conventional method after shortening cell age, fruit body color and luster is pure white, piece type rounding, smooth surface, commodity property is good.
Claims (5)
1. can shorten a production technology for factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age, it comprises the following steps: bag, sterilizing, cooling inoculation, send out bacterium cultivation, Aging storage, open bag, management of producing mushroom and packaging of gathering; It is characterized in that: described Aging storage step the bacterium bag after sending out bacterium and cultivating is placed in Aging storage room process, and whole processing procedure is made up of two-three treatment cycles repeated successively, and each treatment cycle was made up of following two stages:
First stage: low temperature treatment stage, the temperature of this stage control Aging storage room is 12-15 DEG C, and relative air humidity is more than 85%, keeps storehouse with fresh air, and every 2-3h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min; Processing time is 3d;
Second stage: the processing stage of normal temperature, the temperature of this stage control Aging storage room is 22-25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is less than 70%, keeps storehouse with fresh air; Processing time is 2d.
2. the production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in Aging storage step, and each stage of each treatment cycle all keeps storehouse with fresh air by the 1 time/2-3h that takes a breath.
3. the production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in Aging storage step, the relative air humidity of the first stage of each treatment cycle is 85%, every 2h 200lux above uniform light intermittent illumination 30min; The relative air humidity of the second stage of each treatment cycle is 65%.
4. the production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: when to open bag, carry out slight mycelium stimulation process to bacterium bag surface.
5. the production technology that can shorten factorial praluction Bai Zhenji mushroom cell age according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the method for operating of described slight mycelium stimulation process is as follows: scratch the old bacterial classification block of charge level with comparatively sharp palladium or shovel, and only slight mechanical stimulus is carried out to charge level.
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| CN101292605B (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-07-21 | 上海浦东天厨菇业有限公司 | Industrial speedy cultivation method for hypsizygus mushroom |
| KR100965722B1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-06-24 | 농업회사법인주식회사 뜰아채 | Mushroom culture, preparation methods of the same, and the functional foods comprising the same |
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