CN103339774A - 抗冻燃料电池燃料压力调节器 - Google Patents

抗冻燃料电池燃料压力调节器 Download PDF

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CN103339774A
CN103339774A CN201180066740XA CN201180066740A CN103339774A CN 103339774 A CN103339774 A CN 103339774A CN 201180066740X A CN201180066740X A CN 201180066740XA CN 201180066740 A CN201180066740 A CN 201180066740A CN 103339774 A CN103339774 A CN 103339774A
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G.W.芬克
D.M.费雷拉
C.J.卡内瓦勒
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Audi AG
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Abstract

燃料压力调节器单元安装在歧管上。燃料压力调节器单元包括壳体，壳体提供燃料入口通道、调节燃料出口通道、感测压力通道、再循环通道以及混合燃料通道。压力调节器设置在所述壳体中并且在流体上布置在燃料入口通道和调节燃料出口通道之间。感测通道将混合燃料通道和压力调节器在流体上互连。压力调节器构造成响应于来自感测压力通道的压力来调节从燃料入口通道至调节燃料通道的燃料流。喷射器布置在壳体内并且在流体上位于调节燃料出口通道与混合燃料通道之间。喷射器构造成从再循环通道接收再循环燃料。

Description

抗冻燃料电池燃料压力调节器
技术领域
本公开内容涉及利用再循环燃料的燃料电池压力调节器系统。更具体地，本公开内容涉及抗冻燃料电池燃料压力调节器单元和燃料再循环管线。
背景技术
燃料电池包括阳极和阴极，所述阳极和阴极分别接收燃料和氧化剂，例如氢气和空气。一些燃料电池结合有燃料再循环管线，在所述燃料再循环管线中，来自燃料电池阳极的未被使用的氢气再循环回到阳极入口。
水是燃料电池内的化学反应的副产物，并且水还可用作燃料电池内的冷却剂。取决于在燃料电池内使用的分离板的类型，再循环燃料可满载潮湿空气。因此，燃料电池内的各种特征在冷气候条件下可能被冻结。如果冰阻塞燃料电池内的某些通道，那么燃料电池不能够被再启动。燃料电池还必须能够在车辆通常所经历的各种倾斜角度下在冷冻状况下被启动。
发明内容
公开了燃料电池，所述燃料电池具有包括阳极和阴极的燃料电池堆。阳极和阴极构造成分别接收燃料和氧化剂。歧管与阳极流体连通。
在一个示例中，燃料压力调节器单元安装在歧管上。所述燃料压力调节器单元包括壳体，所述壳体提供燃料入口通道、调节燃料出口通道、感测压力通道、再循环通道以及混合燃料通道。压力调节器设置在所述壳体中并且在流体上布置在所述燃料入口通道和所述调节燃料出口通道之间。所述感测通道将所述混合燃料通道和所述压力调节器在流体上互连。所述压力调节器构造成响应于来自所述感测压力通道的压力来调节从所述燃料入口通道至调节燃料通道的燃料流。喷射器布置在所述壳体内并且在流体上位于所述调节燃料出口通道与所述混合燃料通道之间。喷射器构造成从所述再循环通道接收再循环燃料。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考下述详细说明，本公开内容可被进一步理解，在附图中：
图1A是示例燃料电池组件的透视图；
图1B是如图1A所示的燃料电池组件的侧面正视图；
图1C是如图1A所示的燃料电池组件的端视图；
图2是燃料电池、燃料压力调节器单元以及包括再循环管线的各种流体管线的高度示意图；
图3是压力调节器单元的局部截面图；
图4是歧管和再循环管线的一部分的局部截面图；
图5A是具有内部加热器的一个示例燃料压力调节器单元的高度示意图；
图5B是具有外部加热器的燃料压力调节器单元的高度示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1A至图1C中示出了示例燃料电池组件10。燃料电池组件10包括由框架12支承的燃料电池堆21，所述框架被用于将燃料电池组件10固定到车辆上。燃料电池组件10包括第一和第二歧管14、16，这些歧管被用于根据需要在燃料电池组件10内传送反应剂、氧化剂和/或冷却剂。
参考图2的燃料电池组件10的示意图，燃料电池堆21包括阳极18、阴极20和冷却器22。第一和第二歧管被固定到燃料电池堆21。阳极18例如通过反应剂管线32从氢气源24接收反应剂或燃料。未被使用的氢气可通过再循环管线34被驱出，以在被再次供应到阳极18之前与未被使用的氢气混合。再循环管线34是大致竖直的而无90度弯头，以确保水或冰不积聚在再循环管线34内。诸如空气26的氧化剂由泵28供应到阴极20。冷却剂回路30使冷却剂在燃料电池组件10内循环，以将燃料电池堆21保持在期望操作温度。
来自氢气源24的氢气具有高压力，该高压力在被供应到反应剂管线32之前被降低至较低压力。在一个示例中，燃料压力阀25被提供成紧邻氢气源24。控制阀38布置在燃料压力阀25的下游，并且计量至燃料压力调节器单元52的氢气流。加热器40和温度传感器42被用于加热并调节氢气在其到达燃料压力调节器单元52之前的温度，使得该被加热氢气被提供给燃料电池堆21，以改善燃料电池堆的操作效率。
参考图1A至图1C，第二歧管16被用于将氢气燃料分配进出燃料电池堆21内的阳极18。第二歧管16包括由侧壁46结合到彼此的上壁44和下壁48。外部竖直壁50邻接上壁44、侧壁46和下壁48。燃料压力调节器单元52在安装方位中布置在上壁44上方（如图1A至图1C所示），以在各种倾斜角度下促进水通过管线81从燃料压力调节器单元52排出。
在图2和图3中更详细地示出了燃料压力调节器单元52。各种通道被集成到公共壳体56中，以提供可以由公共的相对小的加热器100加热的紧凑燃料压力调节器单元52，这在图2中被示意性地示出。所述燃料压力调节器单元52包括燃料入口通道54，其将氢气从反应剂管线32通过燃料入口供应装配件58传送，所述燃料入口供应装配件58固定到在燃料入口通道54处的壳体56上。可包括隔膜和弹簧的燃料压力调节器60被设置在燃料入口通道54和调节燃料出口通道62之间，所述调节燃料出口通道62响应于来自壳体56内的感测压力通道64的压力输入来提供压力调节的氢气。感测压力通道64被设置在壳体56内，当壳体56在安装方位中时处于一角度，如图1A至图1C所示。
喷射器66布置在壳体56内、大致竖直、位于调节燃料出口通道62的下游。喷射器66借助壳体56内的再循环通道68接收再循环氢气。再循环装配件70在再循环通道68处固定到该壳体上，并且从再循环管线34供应再循环氢气。再循环装配件70以大约45度的角度向下成角度，以将水排出壳体56。所述喷射器66从燃料压力调节器60接收调节燃料，该调节燃料在通过喷射器66的扩散器部段76被驱出之前在再循环燃料入口74处与再循环氢气混合。混合的压力调节燃料和再循环燃料从喷射器66被提供给混合燃料通道78。感测压力通道64在流体上连接在混合燃料通道78和燃料压力调节器60之间。竖直取向的燃料出口装配件80在混合燃料通道78处固定到所述壳体56上并且供应氢气至在上壁44处的第二歧管16。
在图4中更详细地示出了第二歧管16。示例第二歧管16包括入口部90和出口部92，所述出口部使氢气与阳极18连通，所述阳极具有如由大箭头示意性地示出的折返的阳极通道。也就是说，与第二歧管16相对的歧管用作返回部。再循环管线34包括装配件73，所述装配件固定到设置在第二歧管16上的凸台71上。装配件73内的通道82以及凸台71内的通道84定位成在安装方位内在水平方向上方例如处于45度的角度，以促进水从再循环管线34排出。吹扫通道86被设置在下壁48中。吹扫阀88被固定到在吹扫通道86处的下壁48，并且可被致动以从第二歧管16排出水。
参考图1C，氢气浓度传感器94和燃料入口压力传感器96以竖直取向设置在上壁44上，以能够使水从这些位置排出。
燃料压力调节器单元52是紧凑的，以使其能更容易被加热。如图5A中示意性所示的，具有外部98的壳体56包括加热器腔102，加热器100可设置在所述加热器腔中。燃料入口通道54、调节燃料出口通道62、感测压力通道64、再循环通道68、混合燃料通道78、燃料压力调节器60以及喷射器66全部定位在壳体56的外部98内。控制器104与加热器100以及温度传感器106通信。控制器104被编程以指令加热器100将壳体56加热至大于冻结的温度，以例如在启动期间将壳体56内的任何冰融化。
在图5B中示出了另一示例加热布置。燃料压力调节器单元152包括壳体156，所述壳体具有围绕壳体156的外部198缠绕的加热器200。控制器204与加热器200以及温度传感器206通信，并且以与针对上述控制器104描述的方式相似的方式来操作。
虽然已经公开了示例实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员会认识到，一些修改会落入权利要求的范围内。鉴于此，下述权利要求书应当被研究以确定其真实范围和内容。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于燃料电池的燃料压力调节器单元，所述燃料压力调节器单元包括：
壳体，所述壳体提供燃料入口通道、调节燃料出口通道、感测压力通道、再循环通道以及混合燃料通道；
压力调节器，所述压力调节器设置在所述壳体中并且在流体上布置在所述燃料入口通道和所述调节燃料出口通道之间，所述感测压力通道将所述混合燃料通道和所述压力调节器在流体上互连，并且所述压力调节器构造成响应于来自所述感测压力通道的压力来调节从所述燃料入口通道至所述调节燃料通道的燃料流；以及
喷射器，所述喷射器布置在所述壳体内，在流体上位于所述调节燃料出口通道与所述混合燃料通道之间，所述喷射器构造成从所述再循环通道接收再循环燃料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料压力调节器单元，包括接合所述燃料压力调节器单元的加热器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料压力调节器单元，其中，所述壳体包括加热器腔，并且所述加热器布置在所述加热器腔内。
4.根据权利要求2所述的燃料压力调节器单元，其中，所述加热器围绕所述壳体缠绕。
5.根据权利要求2所述的燃料压力调节器单元，包括控制器，所述控制器与所述加热器和温度传感器通信，所述控制器被编程以响应于冷冻状况来指令所述加热器加热所述壳体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃料压力调节器单元，其中，所述壳体包括安装方位，以及所述感测管线以一角度布置，并且所述喷射器布置成在所述安装方位中是大致竖直的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料压力调节器单元，包括再循环管线，所述再循环管线包括位于相对端部处的第一和第二再循环装配件，所述第一再循环装配件在所述再循环通道处被连接到壳体，以及所述第二再循环装配件包括位于所述安装方位中的成角度通道。
8.一种燃料电池，所述燃料电池包括：
燃料电池堆，所述燃料电池堆包括构造成分别接收燃料和氧化剂的阳极和阴极、与所述阳极流体连通的歧管；以及
燃料压力调节器单元，所述燃料压力调节器单元安装在所述歧管上并且包括：
壳体，所述壳体提供燃料入口通道、调节燃料出口通道、感测压力通道、再循环通道以及混合燃料通道；
压力调节器，所述压力调节器设置在所述壳体中并且在流体上布置在所述流体入口通道和所述调节燃料出口通道之间，所述感测通道将所述混合燃料通道和所述压力调节器在流体上互连，并且所述压力调节器构造成响应于来自所述感测压力通道的压力来调节从所述燃料入口通道至所述调节燃料通道的燃料流；以及
喷射器，所述喷射器布置在所述壳体内，在流体上位于所述调节燃料出口通道与所述混合燃料通道之间，所述喷射器构造成从所述再循环通道接收再循环燃料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的燃料电池，其中，所述歧管包括凸台，以及再循环管线在流体上连接在所述凸台与所述再循环通道之间，所述再循环管线包括固定到所述凸台的装配件，所述装配件具有朝向所述燃料电池堆组件成角度的装配件通道。
10.根据权利要求8所述的燃料电池，其中，所述歧管具有上壁，所述燃料压力调节器单元安装在所述上壁上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的燃料电池，包括氢气浓度传感器和燃料入口压力传感器，所述氢气浓度传感器和燃料入口压力传感器安装在所述上壁上，竖直地位于安装方位中。
12.根据权利要求8所述的燃料电池，包括接合所述燃料压力调节器单元的加热器。
13.根据权利要求8所述的燃料电池，包括再循环管线，所述再循环管线包括位于相对端部处的第一和第二再循环装配件，所述第一再循环装配件在所述再循环通道处被连接到壳体，以及所述第二再循环装配件包括位于所述安装方位中的成角度通道。
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