CN103338970A - 用于保护充电线缆的方法和充电装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于保护对可电驱动的车辆(5)的车辆电池(3)充电的充电装置(1)中的充电线缆(36)的方法。在方法中确定电阻值,所述电阻值相应于充电缆线(36)的两个触点(44,46)之间的电阻(40)的大小,其中电阻的大小说明充电缆线(36)的载流能力。根据所确定的电阻值将多个在充电装置中布置的线路保护设备(20,22,24,26)中的一个接通到充电电流路径中。此外本发明还涉及一种充电装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于保护对可电驱动的车辆的车辆电池充电的充电装置中的充电线缆的方法和这样的充电装置。
背景技术
电动车辆具有车辆电池(蓄电池),其提供对于行驶运行所需的电能。放电的电池在需要时必须借助充电装置再充电。为此将可电驱动的车辆的车辆电池和充电装置借助充电线缆电相连。相应于充电线缆的载流能力(导流能力),该充电线缆具有不同的导线横截面。例如存在具有13A的载流能力的充电缆线。其他充电缆线具有例如20A、32A或63A的载流能力。根据标准IEC62196-2,这样的充电缆线具有电插头,其例如构造为所谓的Typ-2插头。根据该标准IEC62196-2,这些插头即使当设置用于具有不同大的载流能力的充电缆线时也具有相同的几何尺寸。由此根据插头的几何尺寸并不能得知与该插头相连的缆线适合于何种载流能力。
按照标准IEC61851-1,在这些插头中借助连接在插头的触点“Proximity”和“PE”之间的电阻说明(编码)充电缆线的载流能力。在此,特定的电阻值与充电缆线的特定的载流能力对应。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,实现一种能够在充电时安全和可靠保护充电缆线的方法和装置。
按照本发明通过按照独立权利要求的方法和装置解决上述技术问题。方法和装置的优选构造是相应的从属权利要求的内容。
按照本发明提出一种用于保护对可电驱动的车辆的车辆电池充电的充电装置中的充电线缆的方法,其中在方法中确定电阻值,所述电阻值相应于充电缆线的两个触点之间的电阻的大小,并且根据所确定的电阻值将多个在充电装置中布置的、对于不同大小的额定电流强度构造的线路保护设备中的一个接通到充电电流路径中。换言之,每个线路保护设备对应一个特定的电阻值。在此在充电缆线的两个触点之间的电阻说明充电缆线的载流能力。
在该方法中特别有利的是,确定电阻值并且根据该确定的电阻值自动地将线路保护设备接通地充电电流路径中。该线路保护设备例如具有额定电流强度,其与充电缆线的相应于电阻值的载流能力相应。由此自动地将与充电缆线的载流能力相应的线路保护设备连接到充电电流路径中,从而借助合适的线路保护设备保护充电缆线。在此特别有利的是,在充电装置中可以将标准线路保护设备用于分别所需的额定电流强度。例如可以采用针对13A、20A、32A和63A的保险装置。可以在价格方面非常有利地提供那些对于仅分别一个额定电流强度构造的线路保护设备。
可以这样构造该方法,使得充电电流只有在线路保护设备接通到充电电流路径中之后才经由充电电流路径传导。由此确保,充电缆线只有当充电缆线通过线路保护设备保护时才被加载充电电流。
也可以这样构造该方法,使得确定电阻值,该电阻值相应于充电缆线的插头的两个触点之间的电阻的大小。在此例如确定电阻值,其相应于在充电缆线的按照标准IEC62196构造的插头的触点“Proximity”和“PE”之间的电阻的大小。
该方法也可以这样进行,即,充电电流附加地经由故障电流保护开关传导(不管线路保护设备中的哪个接通到充电电流路径中)。借助该故障电流保护开关可以有效地阻止故障电流和例如与之相关的对于触摸充电缆线的人的健康危险。
按照本发明还提出了一种用于对可电驱动的车辆的车辆电池充电的充电装置,其具有:
-用于与对车辆电池充电的充电缆线电相连的接口,
-用于确定电阻值的测量装置,其相应于在充电缆线的两个触点之间的电阻的大小,其中,电阻的大小说明了充电缆线的载流能力,
-至少两个线路保护设备,其构造为用于不同大的额定电流强度(其中每个线路保护设备对应一个特定的电阻值),
-开关装置,其构造为,分别将线路保护设备之一接通到充电电流路径中,和
-开关控制装置,其这样控制开关装置,使得开关装置根据所确定的电阻值分别将线路保护设备之一接通到充电电流路径中。该充电装置构造为用于执行上面描述的方法。
该充电装置可以具有控制装置,所述控制装置在线路保护设备接通到充电电流路径中之后才经由充电电流路径传导充电电流。
此外,充电装置可以这样构造,使得测量装置构造为用于确定电阻值,该电阻值相应于充电缆线的插头的两个触点之间的电阻的大小。特别地,测量装置可以构造为用于测量电阻值,该电阻值相应于在充电缆线的按照标准IEC62196构造的插头的触点“Proximity”和“PE”之间的电阻的大小。
充电装置可以这样实现,即,其具有接通到充电电流路径中的故障电流保护开关。
该充电装置同样具有上面结合按照本发明的方法说明的优点。
附图说明
以下借助实施例详细解释本发明。其中,
图1示出了充电装置的实施例,
图2示出了用于保护充电缆线的方法的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于对可电驱动的车辆5的车辆电池3充电的充电装置1。该充电装置1借助连接缆线8与供电网10相连。电流从供电网10经由连接缆线8和故障电流保护开关12传导到充电装置1的开关14。故障电流保护开关12例如可以构造为用于80A的电流强度。开关14由控制单元18控制并且可以由该控制单元18断开或闭合。在开关14之后,电路分支到充电装置的多个并联的线路保护设备:在实施例中,具有13A的额定电流强度的第一线路保护设备20、具有20A的额定电流强度的第二线路保护设备22、具有32A的额定电流强度的第三线路保护设备24、具有63A的额定电流强度的第四线路保护设备26在充电装置中并联。四个线路保护设备20、22、24、26分别实现过电流保护和短路保护。其例如可以构造为用于13A、20A、32A和63A的电流强度的保险装置。所述线路保护设备20、22、24和26的输入端与开关14相连,线路保护设备20、22、24、26的输出端与开关装置30相连。
开关装置30构造为使得每次四个线路保护设备20、22、24、26中的仅一个可以接通到充电电流路径中。根据开关装置30的开关位置,线路保护设备20、22、24、26中的一个的输出端与布置在充电装置1上的接口32(插座、插口)电相连。该接口32在实施例中这样构造,使得其与充电缆线36的插头34兼容。该充电缆线36将充电装置1与可电驱动的车辆5的车辆电池3相连。
插头34在该实施例中构造为所谓的Typ-2插头,其相应于标准IEC62196-2构造。该插头具有7个电触点:用于传输三相交变电流的四个触点、触点“Pilot”42、触点“Proximity”44和触点“PE”46(标准IEC61851-1)。在插头34内部在触点“Proximity”和“PE”之间安装电阻器40。借助该电阻器件40,充电缆线36的额定电流按照标准IEC61851-1编码。在此适用如下关联:
充电缆线的额定电流 | 电阻值 |
13A | 1.5kΩ |
20A | 680Ω |
32A | 220Ω |
63A | 100Ω |
充电缆线36包括仅6个线路/管线,因为该充电缆线不具有用于触点“Proximity”的线路。
当插头34插入接口32中时,则尤其可以将插头34的触点“Proximity”44和触点“PE”46与接口32的相关触点电相连。接口32的这些触点在充电装置1内部与测量装置50电相连。(附加地,触点“Pilot”42也与测量装置50并且由此也与控制单元18相连;经由触点“Pilot”可以进行在充电装置1和车辆5之间的通信)。测量装置50在插入插头34的情况下测量在插头34的触点“Proximity”和“PE”之间的电阻并且因此确定在这两个触点之间的相应的电阻值。该电阻值被转发给开关控制装置52,其根据所确定的电阻值控制开关装置30并且启动开关装置30的切换。该切换这样进行,即,接通到充电电路中的线路保护设备的额定电流强度始终相应于当前使用的充电缆线36的载流能力。换言之,每个线路保护设备对应一个特定的电阻值。根据所确定的电阻值,借助开关装置30将与所确定的电阻值对应的线路保护设备接通到充电电流路径中。
开关控制装置52可以构造为特殊的硬件电路或者也可以构造为可编程逻辑控制器(SPS)。当开关控制装置52构造为硬件电路时,则可以排除软件故障,从而有利地可以实现特别安全和可靠的功能。由此可以避免故障电路,从而可以满足安全性等级(SIL等级)。测量装置同样可以构造为硬件电路。
在相应的线路保护设备(这在实施例中是线路保护设备22)被接通到充电电流路径中(并且必要时附加地经由“Pilot”触点进行在充电装置1和车辆5之间的通信)之后,控制单元18闭合开关14,从而充电电流现在才可以经由充电电流路径流动。由此允许或者说开始充电过程。在实施例中充电电流从供电网10经由路径缆线8、故障电流保护开关12、开关14、第二线路保护设备22、开关装置(转换开关)30、接口32、插头34和充电缆线36流动到可电驱动的车辆5的车辆电池3。该电流路径形成车辆电池3充电时的当前充电电流路径。(其他车辆内部的装置例如变流器由于清楚性原因在图1中未示出。同样没有示出的例如是车辆5的电接口,其与充电缆线36的同样未示出的其他电插头电相连。)
图2示出了按照本发明的方法的实施例的流程图。该方法的出发点是状态100,在该状态,插头34插入到充电装置1的接口/插座32中。然后在方法步骤110中确定插头34的触点“Proximity”44和“PE”46之间的电阻值。也就是确定插头34的触点“Proximity”44和“PE”46之间的电阻的大小,在此也就是电阻器40的大小。
然后在方法步骤120中根据所确定的电阻值这样切换开关装置30,使得与所确定的电阻值对应的线路保护设备被接通到充电电路中。
然后在方法步骤130中接通充电电流。最后在方法步骤140中充电电流经由接通到充电电流路径中的线路保护设备流动。
描述了一种方法和充电装置,其中自动地将线路保护与相应地使用的充电缆线匹配。由此确保,对于每个连接到充电装置上的充电缆线,自动地将匹配的线路保护设备接通到充电电流路径中。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于保护对可电驱动的车辆(5)的车辆电池(3)充电的充电装置(1)中的充电线缆(36)的方法,其中,在所述方法中:
-确定(110)电阻值,所述电阻值相应于所述充电缆线(36)的两个触点(44,46)之间的电阻(40)的大小,其中该电阻的大小说明所述充电缆线(36)的载流能力,并且
-根据所确定的电阻值将多个在所述充电装置中布置的线路保护设备(20,22,24,26)中的一个接通到充电电流路径中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
-充电电流只有在所述线路保护设备(22)接通到所述充电电流路径中之后才经由所述充电电流路径传导。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
-确定电阻值,该电阻值相应于所述充电缆线(36)的插头(34)的两个触点(44,46)之间的电阻(40)的大小。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
-所述充电电流附加地经由故障电流保护开关(12)传导。
5.一种用于对可电驱动的车辆(5)的车辆电池(3)充电的充电装置(1),所述充电装置具有:
-接口(32),用于与对所述车辆电池(3)充电的充电缆线(36)电相连,
-用于确定电阻值的测量装置(50),该电阻值相应于在所述充电缆线(36)的两个触点(44,46)之间的电阻(40)的大小,其中,该电阻的大小说明了所述充电缆线(36)的载流能力,
-至少两个线路保护设备(20,22,24,26),其构造为用于不同大的额定电流强度,
-开关装置(30),其构造为,分别将所述线路保护设备(20,22,24,26)之一接通到充电电流路径中,和
-开关控制装置(52),其这样控制所述开关装置(30),使得所述开关装置(30)根据所确定的电阻值分别将所述线路保护设备(20,22,24,26)之一(22)接通到所述充电电流路径中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的充电装置,其特征在于,
-控制装置(18),所述控制装置在所述线路保护设备(22)接通到所述充电电流路径中之后才经由所述充电电流路径传导充电电流。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的充电装置,其特征在于,
-所述测量装置(50)构造为用于确定电阻值,该电阻值相应于所述充电缆线(36)的插头(34)的两个触点(44,46)之间的电阻的大小。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的充电装置,其特征在于,
-接通到所述充电电路中的故障电流保护开关(12)。
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