CN103314783A - Ordinary pressure intermittent sterilization method of production of wheat cultures of edible fungus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ordinary pressure intermittent sterilization method which can be used for achieving the complete sterilization effect in the production of wheat cultures of edible fungus. Compared with the high-pressure sterilization technology, the ordinary pressure intermittent sterilization method has the advantages that the inherent nature of the cultures is retained to enable vitamin to be affected by pyrolysis as less as possible and to reduce the nutrition effect decline of protein; the expensive high pressure equipment investment is omitted to obtain great application values, especially for small rural township enterprises.

Description

A kind of atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods of making the edible mushroom kernel culture

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods of making the edible mushroom kernel culture, belong to the edible fungi sterilization technical field.

Background technology

Kernel culture has advantages of that mycelia is sturdy, pure white, the rear sprouting of inoculation is fast, therefore, deeply is subjected to the welcome of vast mushroom farming.At present, kernel culture has been widely used in the bacterial classification making of various edible mushrooms.

Because the particle of wheat own is large, crude protein content is abundant, water content (45%) is low, and the porosity of particle in bottle (bag) is also high, cause the interior air capacity of material bottle (bag) to increase, and air is bad heat-conduction medium, affects the conduction of steam, therefore, the sterilization time of wheat material is relatively longer than sawdust materials sterilization time.Sterilization time is to kill that all microorganisms are principle in the raw material, but also can not overlong time, otherwise medium nutrient content too much is decomposed, and is unfavorable for that hypha of edible fungus is sprouted, growth, even affects output.

Sterilization method commonly used has autoclaving and normal-pressure sterilization, for stablizing that kernel culture is produced, the wheat medium is emphasized autoclaving, its advantage is that the high pressure saturated steam has more penetration power, suitably intensified pressure and prolongation sterilization time can thoroughly kill all microorganisms that comprise bacterial spore.Autoclaving is effective, but in sterilization process the medium nutrient content destructible.And normal-pressure sterilization is because the wheat particle is large, institutional framework is fine and close, and the penetration capacity of steam is subject to very large inhibition, and causing has the part gemma of natural resistance to continue not to be inactivated under the sterilization 10h-12h condition at normal pressure (100 ℃) to high temperature.When tampon or packing tension, mutually push between bag and the bag and moisture content in medium when on the low side, sterilization effect is poorer, often residual bacterial spore bacterium source.

For above-mentioned situation, to the tolerance of high temperature also not identical principle, consciously bacterial spore is brought out cultivation according to the physiological status difference of microorganism, make spore development become trophosome, then carry out in short-term normal-pressure sterilization, through continuous 3-4 time sterilization, miscellaneous bacteria in the material thoroughly can be killed.This atmosphere intermission sterilization had both guaranteed sterilization effect, had effectively reduced again the decomposition rate of medium nutrient content.

Summary of the invention

The present invention adopts the atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods when making the edible mushroom kernel culture, comprise following operating procedure:

1. the seed bottle that installs composts or fertilisers of cultivating (bag) is put into atmospheric sterilizing stove, reasonable placement is that stacking of strain bag can not be too tight by it, leave suitable gap, and the kitchen range inner vapor is flowed, and medium is heated evenly;

2. for the first time sterilization: at the sterilization initial stage, with the very hot oven onslaught, make at short notice the temperature of warehouse Lower Half reach 100 ℃, with the increase of control material bottle (bag) interior microorganism from numerous amount, then changing big fire is slow fire, continues to steam 6h, this moment, the trophosome of bacterium was killed, but the brood cell is still survived;

3. cultivate 24h after truce is cooled to 30 ℃-40 ℃, make the interior bacterial spore of wheat sprout into trophosome;

4. for the second time sterilization: under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, continue to steam 2h-3h, kill the bacteriotrophy body of having sprouted;

5. cultivate 24h after truce is cooled to 30 ℃-40 ℃, make the interior remaining bacterial spore of wheat sprout into trophosome;

6. for the third time sterilization: continue to steam 2h under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, the bacterium that minority is residual kills, to reach the effect of thorough sterilization;

7. domestic seed bottle is made by glass or PP plastics, and fixed volume is arranged, and the preferably circulation between the material bottle of damp and hot steam is heated evenly the material bottle during sterilization, like this, through continuous 3 times in short-term sterilization, can reach the effect of thorough sterilization;

8. adopt polypropylene, polythene film bag to replace seed bottle as the container of the production of hybrid seeds, this container unsoundness, after entering the overlapping accumulation of kitchen range, easily be squeezed, make the gap between pocket blocked, damp and hot steam is difficult to penetrate during sterilization, be heated inhomogeneous, at this moment need the 4th sterilization, under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, continue again to steam 2h, to reach the fully purpose of sterilization.

The present invention adopts the atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods, to reach the effect of thorough sterilization when making the edible mushroom kernel culture.Compare with autoclave techniques, its advantage is: the one, kept the composts or fertilisers of cultivating intrinsic property, and make vitamin be subjected to less pyrolytic, also reduced the decline of proteinaceous nutrient effect simultaneously; The 2nd, exempted from the input of expensive high-tension apparatus, especially to the small-sized township enterprise in vast rural area, using value is arranged very.

Embodiment

Mode 1: mushroom kernel composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the present embodiment, in the 1100ml that packs into * 78mmPP plastic bottle, every bottle of weight 680g (wet feed) covers the bottle cap of being with ventilative sponge, adopts atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods (continuous steaming three times).

Method of operating:

1. the seed bottle that installs composts or fertilisers of cultivating (bag) is put into atmospheric sterilizing stove, reasonable placement is that stacking of strain bag can not be too tight by it, leave suitable gap, and the kitchen range inner vapor is flowed, and medium is heated evenly;

2. for the first time sterilization: at the sterilization initial stage, with the very hot oven onslaught, make at short notice the temperature of warehouse Lower Half reach 100 ℃, with the increase of control material bottle (bag) interior microorganism from numerous amount, then changing big fire is slow fire, continues to steam 6h, this moment, the trophosome of bacterium was killed, but the brood cell is still survived;

3. cultivate 24h after truce is cooled to 30 ℃-40 ℃, make the interior bacterial spore of wheat sprout into trophosome;

4. for the second time sterilization: under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, continue to steam 2h, kill the bacteriotrophy body of having sprouted;

5. cultivate 24h after truce is cooled to 30 ℃-40 ℃, make the interior remaining bacterial spore of wheat sprout into trophosome;

6. for the third time sterilization: continue to steam 2h under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, the bacterium that minority is residual kills, to reach the effect of thorough sterilization;

After the sterilization, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is cultivated 5d under 20 ℃ of-22 ℃ of conditions, then be inoculated in the PDA media surface, detect the miscellaneous bacteria situation, testing result is without mould, Detection of pathogenic bacteria.

Mode 2: mushroom wheat composts or fertilisers of cultivating in the present embodiment, the specification of packing into are the polypropylene plastics pocket of 12cm * 28cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 0.5kg-0.55kg.Put Plastibell after sack is cleaned out, with the tampon sealing, adopt atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods (continuous steaming four times).Preparation method is with reference to mode 1.After the sterilization, through Detection, without mould, Detection of pathogenic bacteria.

Claims (1)

1. atmosphere intermission sterilizing methods of making the edible mushroom kernel culture is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:

1. the seed bottle that installs composts or fertilisers of cultivating (bag) is put into atmospheric sterilizing stove, reasonable placement is that stacking of strain bag can not be too tight by it, leave suitable gap, and the kitchen range inner vapor is flowed, and medium is heated evenly;

2. for the first time sterilization: at the sterilization initial stage, with the very hot oven onslaught, make at short notice the temperature of warehouse Lower Half reach 100 ℃, with the increase of control material bottle (bag) interior microorganism from numerous amount, then changing big fire is slow fire, continues to steam 6h, this moment, the trophosome of bacterium was killed, but the brood cell is still survived;

3. cultivate 24h after truce is cooled to 30 ℃-40 ℃, make the interior bacterial spore of wheat sprout into trophosome;

4. for the second time sterilization: under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, continue to steam 2h-3h, kill the bacteriotrophy body of having sprouted;

5. cultivate 24h after truce is cooled to 30 ℃-40 ℃, make the interior remaining bacterial spore of wheat sprout into trophosome;

6. for the third time sterilization: continue to steam 2h under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, the bacterium that minority is residual kills, to reach the effect of thorough sterilization;

7. domestic seed bottle is made by glass or PP plastics, and fixed volume is arranged, and the preferably circulation between the material bottle of damp and hot steam is heated evenly the material bottle during sterilization, like this, through continuous 3 times in short-term sterilization, can reach the effect of thorough sterilization;

8. adopt polypropylene, polythene film bag to replace seed bottle as the container of the production of hybrid seeds, this container unsoundness, after entering the overlapping accumulation of kitchen range, easily be squeezed, make the gap between pocket blocked, damp and hot steam is difficult to penetrate during sterilization, be heated inhomogeneous, at this moment need the 4th sterilization, under 100 ℃ of condition of normal pressure, continue again to steam 2h, to reach the fully purpose of sterilization.