CN108739066A - A kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method - Google Patents
A kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739066A CN108739066A CN201810439186.9A CN201810439186A CN108739066A CN 108739066 A CN108739066 A CN 108739066A CN 201810439186 A CN201810439186 A CN 201810439186A CN 108739066 A CN108739066 A CN 108739066A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
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Abstract
A kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method, including：（1）By lentinus edodes strain stick acanthopore, permeable film is posted, sealing after being placed in high voltage sterilizing device；（2）It is passed through steam, when pressure rises to 0.9kg ∕ cm2, intake valve is turned down, air bleeding valve is gradually opened, when pressure is down to zero, intake valve is opened completely, maintains 3~5min, until exhaust outlet has dense steam to exclude, air bleeding valve is closed, repeats bleeding as above later；（3）When steam pressure rises to 0.8kg ∕ cm2, and temperature reaches 108 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, intake valve is adjusted, stablizes this pressure and temperature, keeps 4h；（4）It adjusts steam pressure and is down to 0.4kg ∕ cm2 from 0.8kg ∕ cm2 in 0.8-1h, temperature is 105 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, stablizes this pressure and temperature 5h；（5）Intake valve is closed, when steam pressure is down to 0.1kg ∕ cm2 naturally, opens air bleeding valve, until when air bleeding valve is discharged without steam, closes air bleeding valve, sterilizing terminates.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steam sterilization techniques field, the method for using high pressure steam sterilization more particularly to lentinus edodes strain stick.
Background technology
The main sterilizing methods of Edible Fungi have two kinds of atmospheric steam sterilizing and high pressure steam sterilization at present.Mushroom is for I
State produces and the big edible mushroom type of export volume first, is to promote mushroom quality in reality because of its typical wooden corruption feature
Its cultivation matrix mostly uses pure sawdust in production.Because there is wood using traditional high-pressure sterilizing method in Lentnus edodes sterilization link
Bits soften and cure the problems such as not in place, strain field planting and material feeding are relatively slow, cultivating bag easily rises by bag with deforming, and are connect so as to cause mushroom
Substrate degradation difficulty, yield and quality decline after kind, mostly use atmospheric steam sterilizing methods processing cultivation matrix in production at present.
But in actual job, atmospheric steam sterilizing methods are long because of its bacteria stick sterilization time（Usually require 72 ~ 120 h）, efficiency it is low,
Consumption fuel is more, the amount of labour used is big, heat conduction and aeration are poor, sterilizing is not thorough, compost is acidified the problems such as serious etc., seriously
The growth requirement of the scale and facility of China's mushroom industry is lagged behind, for this purpose, a kind of perfume (or spice) overcoming drawbacks described above of exploitation
The sterilizing methods of mushroom stick have extremely important realistic meaning to production practices.
Invention content
In order to solve the problems, such as current cultivating champignon sterilization technology, the present invention provides a kind of new lentinus edodes strain stick high steam and goes out
Bacterium method.This method sterilization time is short, burnup is few, the amount of labour used is small, sterilizing is thorough, water-retaining film strong adsorption in cultivating bag, culture
Expect that softening degree is good, brown stain is moderate, strain customization is fast, and hyphal development is sturdy, and cultivating bag is indeformable, rise bag.
The lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution.
A kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method, includes the following steps：
（1）The lentinus edodes strain stick of bag will be installed（Cultivating bag）Acanthopore posts permeable film, and high voltage sterilizing device is placed in by "-" type
Multi-layer rack on, every layer of bacteria stick is no more than 3 layers, then seals high voltage sterilizing device；
（2）It is passed through steam, quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, makes the rising that steam pressure is as fast as possible in bactericidal unit, when pressure liter
When to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2, turns intake valve down, and air bleeding valve is gradually opened, cold air is allowed slowly to be discharged, when pressure is down to zero,
Intake valve is opened completely, and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, maintains 3~5 min, until exhaust outlet has dense steam to exclude,
It closes air bleeding valve and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum later, when pressure rises to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2 again, be as above vented again
Operation 1 time；
（3）When steam pressure rises to 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in bactericidal unit, when temperature reaches 108 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, intake valve is adjusted, surely
This fixed pressure and temperature, keep 4 h；
（4）Intake valve is adjusted, steam pressure in bactericidal unit is made to be down to 0.4 kg ∕ cm2 from 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in 0.8-1 h, temperature
Degree is 105 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, then stablizes this pressure and 5 h of temperature；
（5）Intake valve is closed, when steam pressure is down to 0.1 kg ∕ cm2 naturally in device subject to sterilization, opens air bleeding valve, to being vented
When valve is discharged without steam, air bleeding valve is closed, sterilizing terminates.
The puncture site be located at lentinus edodes strain stick side far from 16 ~ 18 cm of bottom at, also be next time inoculation acupuncture point.
The permeable film is made of non-woven fabrics, film size 4cm × 4cm, pore size 4mm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
（1）The present invention pricks an air hole on the lentinus edodes strain stick installed, and sticks Breathable nonwoven film, avoids lentinus edodes strain stick
The excessive air heats expansion in sterilization process, it is ensured that lentinus edodes strain stick does not rise bag.
（2）It is passed through steam, quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, makes the rising that steam pressure is as fast as possible in bactericidal unit, works as pressure
When power rises to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2, turns intake valve down, and air bleeding valve is gradually opened, cold air is allowed slowly to be discharged, no cacophony waits for
When pressure is down to zero, intake valve is opened completely, and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, maintains 3~5 min, until exhaust outlet have it is dense
Close steam excludes, and closes air bleeding valve.Later, bleeding 1 time is repeated.These measures are provided to quickly and more fully will
Cold air empties, and post sterilization is made to reach better effect.
（3）It, can be true when steam pressure rises to 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 and keeps 4h in bactericidal unit after being again turned on intake valve
It protects and all kills harmful microorganism in lentinus edodes strain stick.
(4) intake valve is adjusted, steam pressure in bactericidal unit is made to be down to 0.4 kg from 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in 0.8 h to 1 h
∕ cm2 ensure that the interior outer plastic bag of bacteria stick can fully be shunk uniformly, high temperature and pressure long duration of action avoided to lead to polybag
Deterioration；
（5）105 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, the operation of 5 h is kept, there are three effects, first, ensureing that harmful microbe kills in lentinus edodes strain stick
It goes out, two are that of avoiding the hot overreaction in high pressure steam sterilization, the i.e. generation of coking phenomenon, and three are reduction of pressure heat insulating mistake
Journey ensures the abundant softening and curing of Mushroom cultivation material sawdust so that mycelia is more easy to decompose, absorbs compost.
（6）Intake valve is closed, when steam pressure is down to 0.1 kg ∕ cm2 naturally in device subject to sterilization, opens the behaviour of air bleeding valve
Make, there are three effects, first, promoting the abundant softening and curing of Mushroom cultivation material sawdust, two are that of avoiding high pressure sterilization after sterilizing
Cabinet external and internal pressure is poor, causes the external world to be carried disease germs in air sucking sterilizing cabinet, three are that of avoiding temperature and pressure reduction of speed is too fast, caused
Bacterium bag shrinks insufficient, material bag separation, causes post incoulation and bacterium germination difficult management.
In short, short using the method for the present invention sterilization time, burnup is few, and the amount of labour used is small, and sterilizing is thorough, cultivates inner bag water-retaining film
Strong adsorption, compost softening degree is good, and brown stain is moderate, and cultivating bag is indeformable, rise bag, and strain field planting is fast, and hyphal development is sturdy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is bacteria stick puncture site of the present invention and gluing sheet schematic diagram.
White blockage in figure toffee bacteria stick is permeable film, is acanthopore below permeable film.
Specific implementation mode
It is sterilized to lentinus edodes strain stick using the method for the present invention.
First, the shiitake cultivation bag that bundle hole is posted to permeable film is put in by "-" type on sterilizing frame, avoids Lenlinus edodes
Stick excessive air heats expansion in sterilization process, it is ensured that lentinus edodes strain stick does not rise bag, seals autoclave cabinet.
Secondly, it is passed through steam, quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, makes the rising that steam pressure is as fast as possible in bactericidal unit, when
When pressure rises to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2, turns intake valve down, and air bleeding valve is gradually opened, allow cold air to be slowly discharged, wait for pressure drop
When to zero（Without cacophony）, intake valve is opened completely, and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, maintains 3~5 min, until exhaust outlet
There is dense steam to exclude, closes air bleeding valve and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum later, when pressure rises to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2 again,
Bleeding as above 1 time is carried out again, these measures are provided to quickly and more fully empty cold air, make post sterilization
Reach better effect.
Third when temperature reaches 108 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, adjusts air inlet when steam pressure rises to 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in bactericidal unit
Valve stablizes this pressure and temperature, keeps 4 h, can reach culture substrate and be heated evenly, it is ensured that by harmful microorganism in lentinus edodes strain stick
All kill.
4th, intake valve is adjusted, steam pressure in bactericidal unit is made to be down to 0.4 kg ∕ from 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in 0.8-1 h
Cm2, temperature are 105 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, then stablize this pressure and 5 h of temperature, ensure that the interior outer plastic bag of bacteria stick can be received fully
Contracting is uniform, avoids high temperature and pressure long duration of action that polybag is caused to deteriorate.
5th, intake valve is closed, when steam pressure is down to 0.1 kg ∕ cm2 naturally in device subject to sterilization, opens air bleeding valve,
When being discharged to air bleeding valve without steam, air bleeding valve is closed, the abundant softening and curing of Mushroom cultivation material sawdust can be promoted, avoid and go out
Autoclave cabinet external and internal pressure is poor after bacterium, causes the external world to be carried disease germs in air sucking sterilizing cabinet, avoids temperature and pressure reduction of speed too
Soon, caused bacterium bag shrinks insufficient, material bag separation, causes post incoulation and bacterium germination difficult management.
By the operation of above-mentioned steps, in a relatively short period of time, with less labour and less energy consumption, to Lenlinus edodes
Stick realizes thorough sterilizing, and cultivates inner bag water-retaining film strong adsorption, and compost softening degree is good, and brown stain is moderate, cultivating bag
It is indeformable, rise bag, strain field planting is fast, and hyphal development is sturdy.
The experiment of major parameter during the present invention sterilizes to lentinus edodes strain stick
1, row's cold air pressure compares
It is 0.5 kg ∕ cm2,0.6 kg ∕ cm2,0.7 kg ∕ cm2,0.8 kg that row's cold air pressure, which is respectively set, in 1.1 test methods
∕ cm2 and 0.9 kg ∕ cm2, and select and carry out one-stop operation after optimal row's cold air pressure and be repeated twice operation to compare, examination
Bacteria stick quantity 500 is tested, compares sterilizing and completes, miscellaneous bacteria infection rate after inoculation 15 days.
1.2 test result
Row's cold air pressure test results are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, using 0.9 kg ∕ cm2 row's cold air pressure, work continuously twice, can will be production-scale
The control of miscellaneous bacteria infection rate is 0.2% hereinafter, reaching extraordinary effect.
2, steric stabilisation pressure value compares
After 2.1 test methods exclude cold air, steric stabilisation pressure value is set：0.8 kg∕cm²,0.9 kg∕cm²,1.0 kg∕cm
2,1.1 kg ∕ cm2 and 1.2 kg ∕ cm2, steady pressure time are 4 h, observe hot overreaction degree.
2.2 test result
The hot overreaction of different steric stabilisation pressure values is shown in Table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, steric stabilisation pressure value is higher, and corresponding effect is poorer, and coking phenomenon, that is, hot overreaction is got over
Seriously.Illustrate that pressurizer pressure is 0.9 kg ∕ cm2,0.8 kg ∕ cm2 and is advisable that it is especially good that steady pressure value is scheduled on 0.8 kg ∕ cm2.
3, steric stabilisation pressure time compares
After the optimization of 3.1 test method steric stabilisation pressure values, steric stabilisation pressure time has hot overreaction different shadows
It rings, if steric stabilisation pressure time is：3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h are compared hot overreaction degree.
3.2 test result
The hot overreaction of different steric stabilisation pressure times is shown in Table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, steric stabilisation pressure time is longer, and expression effect is poorer, and coking phenomenon is that heat is excessively anti-
It should be more serious.When steric stabilisation pressure time is 3h, medium matrix is not up to thermally equivalent, and mycelia material feeding is obviously slack-off.It says
The bright steady pressure time is that 4h is best.
4, the steady pressure time compares after being depressured
4.1 test methods adjust intake valve, and steam pressure in bactericidal unit is made to be down to 0.4 from 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in 0.8-1 h
Kg ∕ cm2, after temperature is 105 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, steady pressure has hot overreaction different influences, time to set from the time of temperature
It is set to：3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h are compared hot overreaction degree.
4.2 test result
Test result is shown in Table 4.
As can be seen from Table 4, steady pressure is longer with temperature-time after decompression, and expression effect is poorer, hot overreaction
It is deteriorated with outer plastic bag more serious.When steric stabilisation pressure time is 4h, 3h, medium matrix not up to fully curing, mycelia
Material feeding is obviously slack-off.Illustrate that steady pressure and temperature-time are that 5h is best after being depressured.
5, comparison of the pressure after the completion of sterilizing when opening air bleeding valve to sterilization effect and efficiency
After 5.1 test methods sterilize, intake valve is closed, air bleeding valve when is opened and is affected to sterilization effect and efficiency.
If steam pressure is down to 0 kg ∕ cm2,0.1 kg ∕ cm2,0.2 kg ∕ cm2,0.3 kg ∕ cm2 and 0.4 kg naturally in bactericidal unit
When ∕ cm2,0.2 kg ∕ cm2 open air bleeding valve, compare sterilizing and complete, to the effect and efficiency of sterilizing after being inoculated with 15 days.
5.2 test result
Test result is shown in Table 5.
As can be seen from Table 5, it is formed when the pressure in sterilized sterilizing cabinet is more than 0.2 kg ∕ cm2, in sterilizing cabinet negative
Pressure, opening air bleeding valve suck-back phenomenon is serious, and bacteria stick outer plastic bag is caused different degrees of segregation phenomenon, later stage occur with compost
The contamination phenomenon that occurrence degree is different other than cave is inoculated with when culture；It is beaten when the pressure in sterilizing cabinet is down to 0.1 kg ∕ cm2 or less
Begin to rehearse air valve, can prevent the generation of above two phenomenon, still, when the pressure in sterilizing cabinet is down to 0kg ∕ cm from 0.1 kg ∕ cm2
When 2, since pressure difference becomes smaller, need to wait for for a long time, efficiency reduces.Therefore, when the pressure in sterilizing cabinet is down to 0.1 kg ∕ cm
Air bleeding valve is opened when 2, sterilization effect and efficiency are best.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method, includes the following steps：
（1）The lentinus edodes strain stick acanthopore of bag will be installed, posts permeable film, the multi-layer rack of high voltage sterilizing device is placed in by "-" type
On, every layer of bacteria stick is no more than 3 layers, then seals high voltage sterilizing device；
（2）It is passed through steam, quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, makes the rising that steam pressure is as fast as possible in bactericidal unit, when pressure liter
When to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2, turns intake valve down, and air bleeding valve is gradually opened, cold air is allowed slowly to be discharged, when pressure is down to zero,
Intake valve is opened completely, and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum, maintains 3~5 min, until exhaust outlet has dense steam to exclude,
It closes air bleeding valve and quantity of steam is transferred to maximum later, when pressure rises to 0.9 kg ∕ cm2 again, be as above vented again
Operation 1 time；
（3）When steam pressure rises to 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in bactericidal unit, when temperature reaches 108 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, intake valve is adjusted, surely
This fixed pressure and temperature, keep 4 h；
（4）Intake valve is adjusted, steam pressure in bactericidal unit is made to be down to 0.4 kg ∕ cm2 from 0.8 kg ∕ cm2 in 0.8-1 h, temperature
Degree is 105 DEG C ± 1 DEG C, then stablizes this pressure and 5 h of temperature；
（5）Intake valve is closed, when steam pressure is down to 0.1 kg ∕ cm2 naturally in device subject to sterilization, opens air bleeding valve, to being vented
When valve is discharged without steam, air bleeding valve is closed, sterilizing terminates.
2. lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the puncture site position
Also it is the acupuncture point of inoculation next time at lentinus edodes strain stick side is far from 16 ~ 18 cm of bottom.
3. permeable film described in is made of non-woven fabrics, film size 4cm × 4cm, pore size 4mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113875501A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-04 | 桂东森宜食用菌发展有限公司 | High-pressure steam sterilization method for mushroom sticks for mushroom planting in greenhouse |
| CN114365660A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-19 | 山西润蕈源农业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of second-level branch strain of shiitake mushrooms |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113875501A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-04 | 桂东森宜食用菌发展有限公司 | High-pressure steam sterilization method for mushroom sticks for mushroom planting in greenhouse |
| CN114365660A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-19 | 山西润蕈源农业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of second-level branch strain of shiitake mushrooms |
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