CN103291214A - Reciprocating type hydraulic-drive impacter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel hydraulic impact device for increasing drilling speed in hard stratum, which adopts the combination of a turbine and a rotary head as a hydraulic pulse control structure. The drilling fluid generates torque on the power shaft through the turbine group, and drives the rotary motion of the rotary head through the connection between the power shaft and the rotary head. The pressure on the barrel changes, and under the combined action of the spring force, the impact barrel makes an axial reciprocating shock movement, and the axial reciprocating vibration acts on the lower joint through the connecting mechanism, and a pulse of a certain frequency is generated under the control of the connecting mechanism The impact and vibration are transmitted to the drill bit to generate axial impact force; the drill bit interacts with the shell of the impactor to transmit the torque provided by the drilling equipment to drive the drill bit to complete the drilling operation. At the same time, cooperate with the impact of the impactor on the drill bit to improve rock breaking Efficiency, completion of drilling speed.

Description

Reciprocating hydraulic impactor

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Technical field :

The invention relates to a new type of deep well hard formation drilling speed increasing device, which is a hydraulic device which completely relies on hydraulic power to provide the required power.

Background technology :

With the implementation of oil and gas exploration and development in the petroleum industry, in order to stabilize the east, develop the west, and reserve the marine sedimentary structures in the south, the oil industry will drill deeper and deeper in the future, the age of the stratum will become older, and the rock will become harder and harder. Can not meet the needs of production and engineering. When drilling into hard formations, the drilling efficiency is low, the life of the drill bit is short, the drilling cycle is long, and the cost is high. The problem of increasing the drilling speed of deep wells has become an important research topic in the drilling industry, and the percussion rotary drilling technology is one of the most effective methods to solve the difficult problem of hard rock drilling.

In recent years, with the development of oil and gas drilling to the deep, the difficulty of drilling in hard formations has become increasingly prominent. At present, the traditional roller cone bit is still mainly used in oil and gas field exploration and development drilling, combined with the rotary drilling technology of PDC bit and jet drilling device. When drilling hard formations, the drilling efficiency is very low, the life of the drill bit is short, the drilling cycle is long, and the cost is high. Percussion rotary drilling technology is one of the most effective methods to solve hard rock drilling problems. At present, the types of impactors developed at home and abroad include valve-type positive-acting impactors, valve-type reaction impactors, valve-type double-acting impactors (including live valve type and throttling type), jet-type impactors, and jet-suction impactors. , Pneumatic impactor, mechanical impactor. The basic components of these impactors include the reversing mechanism (piston, spring, seal, hammer) and the energy transmission mechanism (anvil, drill bit). In the process of oil drilling, downhole tools are in complex working conditions such as high drilling fluid pressure, high temperature, and high solid particle content. As the wear of the pair increases with the depth of the well, the downhole temperature rises, and the friction and temperature rise caused by the high-frequency reciprocating motion of the piston will also cause premature failure of the seal; Affected by high-speed erosion and erosion damage, the life of the impactor is generally short (not more than 80h).

Rotary percussion drilling technology is a unique technological method in the petroleum industry that can significantly increase drilling speed. This drilling technology is to add a hydraulic impactor between the drill bit and the drill collar on the basis of rotary drilling to generate high-frequency periodic impact force. This technology is a high-efficiency rock breaking technology that uses the impactor to hammer the drill bit into the rock with high frequency, and is supplemented by rotary scraping for combined rock breaking. When drilling, the drill bit applies a certain frequency of impact load to the drill bit through the impactor on the basis of the conventional drilling pressure and torque, and the bottom hole drill bit breaks the rock under the combined action of impact and rotation to drill. The test application shows that the rotary percussion drilling technology is an advanced, practical and reliable modern drilling technology.

Invention content :

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of drilling auxiliary device reciprocating hydraulic impactor to reduce the problems of low drilling efficiency in hard formations, short drill bit life, long drilling cycle and high cost, and improve drilling efficiency.

In order to realize the working purpose, the general idea of the present invention is: multiple groups of turbine groups are installed side by side as the power supply and transmission device of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor. After the drilling fluid enters the upper joint of the impactor from the flow channel, it passes through the turbine group, and the turbine group converts the momentum of the drilling fluid into the torque of the power shaft. Through the linkage between the turbine group and the power shaft with a hexagonal cross section, the rotary motion is transmitted to the rotary head, and the power shaft drives the rotary head to perform 360° continuous rotary motion together. The upper spring is set on the power shaft with a hexagonal section, one end is in contact with the end face of the retaining ring, and the other end is in contact with the end face of the swivel head, and is always in a compressed state to improve the sealing effect between the swivel head and the impact head. The impact head installed under the rotary head and matched with the end face of the rotary head is stationary relative to the power shaft, and when the power shaft drives the rotary head to rotate, the fan-shaped sections of the impact head and the rotary head have two working states: overlapping end faces and staggered end faces. When the fan-shaped end faces of the rotating head and the impact head coincide, the flow channels on both sides outside the fan-shaped end face are smooth, the liquid flows through the flow channels and damping holes on both sides, and the rotating head and the impact head are in a flow state; when the fan-shaped rotor and impact head are selected When the end faces are staggered, the side channel is blocked by the fan-shaped end face, the liquid can only flow through the damping hole, and the rotating head and the impact head are in a closed state. Driven by the power shaft, the periodic closure and circulation of the rotary head and the impact head are completed.

When the rotary head and the impact head rotate to the closed state, the drilling fluid flows out of the impactor through the upper joint, the turbine group, the retaining ring, the rotary head, the impact head, the inner sleeve, and the lower joint. Due to the blockage of the side channel, the drilling fluid only flows into the center hole of the impact head through the damping holes opened at one end of the rotary head, and the flow area changes suddenly, the pressure loss is large, and the pressure drop force is large. When the rotary head and the impact head rotate to the flow state, the drilling fluid flows out of the impactor through the upper joint, the turbine group, the retaining ring, the rotary head, the impact head, the inner sleeve, and the lower joint. Due to the opening of the side channel, the drilling fluid can flow through the side channel formed by the coincidence of the rotary head and the end face of the impact head and the damping hole opened on one end of the rotary head at the same time. The flow area is large, the pressure loss is small, and the pressure drop force smaller. In this way, the periodic size transformation of the pressure drop force is completed.

The lower spring is set in the annular space formed by the lower joint and the lower shell, one end is in movable contact with the end face of the snap ring, and the other end is in contact with the lower shell. The pressure difference directly acts on the inner sleeve. When the pressure drop of the fluid on the impact head increases and exceeds the supporting force of the lower spring, the lower spring is compressed and moves downward. The lower spring and the snap ring with a boss with a certain width inside are simultaneously When it is compressed to the maximum end surface of the inner sleeve of the stepped shaft set inside the clasp, that is, the movement of the impact head pushes the clasp to compress the lower spring to the limit position, and when the boss in the clasp hits the upper end surface of the lower joint, the kinetic energy is transferred to the In the lower joint, the reciprocating hydraulic impactor applies an axial impact force to the drill bit while transmitting the torque of the drill pipe, and the lower spring completes the conversion of the stressed parts to form an impact action. When the pressure drop generated by the fluid on the impact head is too small to compress the lower spring, the lower spring supports the upper device, that is, the lower spring is used to balance the weight and weight of the moving parts of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor. Hydraulic force acts in the axial direction. Then the snap ring, the inner sleeve and the lower joint are in a non-action state, and the reciprocating hydraulic impactor only transmits the torque. The lower spring is connected with the lower part of the casing and the lower joint to realize the support of the lower end device and the reset during impact, and the upper and lower parts complete the entire impact process. One end of the snap ring is limited by the impact head, and the other end is limited by the boss in the inner sleeve to limit its axial displacement. The inner sleeve and the lower joint are fixedly connected by threads.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to control the pressure of the liquid flow acting on the impact head through the periodic closing and interlacing of the rotary head and the impact head according to the characteristics of the formation rock in the drilling process, and then cooperate with the action of the lower spring to provide pulsation for the drill bit. The impact force can improve the effect of rock breaking and rock breaking. Turbine groups can use different numbers of groups to complete the conversion of drilling fluid kinetic energy to mechanical rotational kinetic energy; the upper end of the power shaft with a hexagonal cross-section is connected to the turbine group through a key, and the lower end is connected to the rotary head through a hexagonal square hole groove. The power transmission is completed; the end faces of the rotating head and the impact head are in contact, and the fan-shaped section is closed periodically in the relative rotation, realizing the hydraulic pulsation law and providing impact power; the impact head moves up and down, and the power transmission of the middle part is completed through impact; Part of the spring balances the gravity of the lower mechanical structure, partly counteracts the pressure on the mechanism due to the hydraulic drop, and at the same time periodically provides the force required for reset in the working state.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The turbine group is used as the source power of the rotary motion, and different rotation speeds can be achieved through the combination of different turbine groups to meet the impact frequency requirements of rocks in different drilling formations.

2. A damping hole is set in the middle of the impact head to ensure the normal required pressure drop and reduce the occurrence of flow channel blockage when the rotary head is stuck.

3. The rotating head is pressed by a spring, so that it can ensure a good contact state with the impact head during work, and avoid unnecessary loosening resulting in useless work or abnormal working conditions.

4. The lower joint and the shell are connected by spring support, which can not only prevent the lower joint from being disjointed during normal operation and lifting the drill, but also provide effective reset force when the vibration impacts.

5. The whole device adopts a mechanical structure, the transmission is reliable and the cost is low, and the effectiveness and safety of the device can be guaranteed in the harsh drilling and production environment underground.

Description of drawings :

The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor;

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lower end surface of the rotary head of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor with rotary impact;

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upper end surface of the impact head of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor with rotary impact.

In the figure: 1—upper joint, 2—guiding sleeve, 3—turbine stator, 4—sealing ring, 5—turbine rotor, 6—power shaft, 7—retaining ring, 8—retaining ring, 9—upper spring, 10 —rotary head, 11—sliding key, 12—on the shell, 13—impact head, 14—clip ring, 15—inner sleeve, 16—lower spring, 17—sealing ring, 18—under the shell, 19—under the joint.

Specific working principle :

When the reciprocating hydraulic impactor is installed into the well, the drill bit is connected to the bottom, and the drill collar is connected to the top. Both ends are connected by tapered threads that match the drilling tool, and there is no need for additional auxiliary connection tools.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the working principle of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor is described in detail below:

Under normal working conditions, the drilling fluid flows into the inner cavity from the upper port of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor through the drill pipe, and impacts the rotors 5 of multiple groups of turbines. The rotors 5 rotate under the impact of the liquid flow, driving the power shaft 6 to rotate, and the power shaft 6 The rotation of the turbine group is converted into its own torque, and the torque is transmitted to the rotary head 10. The mating surface structure of the rotary head 10 and the impact head 13 is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 . When the power shaft 6 drives the rotating head 10 to rotate, the fan-shaped cross-sections of the impact head 13 and the rotating head 10 appear in two working states: the end faces it and the end faces alternate. When the fan-shaped end faces of the rotating head 10 and the impact head 13 coincide, the flow channels on both sides outside the fan-shaped end faces are unblocked, the liquid flows through the flow channels and damping holes on both sides, and the rotating head 10 and the impact head 13 are in a state of communication; When 10 intersects with the fan-shaped end face of the impact head 13, the side channel is blocked by the fan-shaped end face, and the liquid can only flow through the damping hole. The impact head 13 is fixed in the circumferential direction by the sliding key 11 and slides axially. The rotating head 10 and the impact head 13 are opposite Rotation produces periodic closures.

When working in open flow, the drilling fluid flows through the turbine group and enters through the retaining ring 8. Since the side channel is opened, the drilling fluid can pass through the side channel formed by the overlapping of the rotary head 10 and the impact head 13 and one end of the rotary head 10 at the same time. It flows through the opened damping hole, and then flows out from the lower joint through the middle flow channel in the lower half of the inner chamber of the impactor. At this time, the entire flow area is large, the pressure loss is small, and the pressure drop force generated by the fluid on the impact head 13 is small, which is not enough to compress the lower spring 16. At this time, the lower spring 16 realizes the supporting effect on the upper device, then The snap ring 14, the inner sleeve 15 and the lower joint 19 are in a non-action state, and the reciprocating hydraulic impactor only transmits torque. When the swivel head 10 and the impact head 13 are in the closed state, the drilling fluid flows out of the impactor through the upper joint, the turbine group, the retaining ring, the swivel head 10, the impact head 13, the inner sleeve 15, and the lower joint 19. Due to the blockage of the side channel, the drilling fluid only flows into the middle damping hole of the impact head 10 through the damping hole opened on one end of the rotary head, the flow area is reduced, the pressure loss is large, and the pressure drop force is large, exceeding the lower spring. 16, the lower spring 16 is compressed and moves downward. When the impact head 13 moves to hit the inner sleeve 15, it transmits kinetic energy to the lower joint 19. The reciprocating hydraulic impactor applies torque to the drill bit while transmitting the drill pipe torque. axial impact. With the continuous flow of drilling fluid, the continuous rotation of the turbine group, the periodic closure of the rotary head and the impact head, the clasp, inner sleeve and lower joint of the reciprocating hydraulic impactor move with each other to continuously realize the impact action and apply pulses to the drill bit force to complete the whole process of rotary percussion drilling.

Claims (6)

1. A reciprocating hydraulic impactor suitable for drilling in hard formations, including: upper joint (1), diversion sleeve (2), turbine stator (3), sealing ring (4), turbine rotor (5), Power shaft (6), retaining ring (7), retaining ring (8), upper spring (9), swivel head (10), slide key (11), upper casing (12), impact head (13), snap ring (14), inner sleeve (15), lower spring (16), sealing ring (17), lower shell (18), lower joint (19); it is characterized in that: the guide sleeve (2) is installed on the upper joint (1 ), the upper street (1) is connected with the casing (12) through threads; the power shaft (6) is connected with the turbine rotor (5) and placed in the casing (12); the lower end of the power shaft (6) is connected with the retaining ring (8) End surface contact; the rotating head (10) is connected with the power shaft (5) and compresses the upper spring (9); the rotating head (10) is concentric with the casing (12); the impact head (13) passes through the casing (12) The sliding key is connected to produce axial movement, and the upper and lower sides are in contact with the end faces of the rotating head (10) and the snap ring (14) respectively; the inner sleeve (15) and the lower joint (19) are connected to the compression spring through threads, and placed under the outer shell (18) Inside; the shell (19) is threadedly connected with the shell (12). 2. The reciprocating hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the turbine stator (3) and the turbine rotor (5) can adopt different sets of cooperation methods, and multiple sets of turbine sets are installed in sequence in the axial direction and jointly function to meet the needs of impactors with different impact frequencies. The turbine rotor and the power shaft are installed and connected through positioning pins to transmit torque. 3. The reciprocating hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper spring (9) is set on the power shaft (6) with a hexagonal cross-section, and one end is in contact with the end surface of the retaining ring (8), The other end is in contact with the end surface of the rotary head (10) and is always in a compressed state to improve the sealing effect between the rotary head (10) and the impact head (13). 4. The reciprocating hydraulic impactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the impact head (13) is located directly below the rotating head (10), and the end faces of both are fan-shaped cross-sections and planar fit; the impact head (13) There is a central hole with a circular cross-section in the middle of the upper and lower ends. The central hole is a flow channel and can also be used as a safety hole; one end of the rotating head (10) has a hexagonal mounting hole, and the power shaft (6) is inserted in the The hexagonal hole accepts the power transmitted by the power shaft, drives itself to move, and outputs torque; a circular damping hole is opened on the wall of the rotating head (10) at a certain position from the other end to allow liquid flow to pass through. 5. The reciprocating hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower spring (16) is set in the annular space formed by the lower joint (19) and the lower shell (18), and one end is connected with the snap ring (14 ) end face is in movable contact, and the other end is in contact with the lower shell (18); when the lower spring (16) and snap ring (14) are simultaneously compressed to the maximum end face of the inner sleeve (15), the differential pressure directly acts on the inner sleeve (15 ), the lower spring (16) completes the conversion of the stressed parts; at the same time, the lower spring (16) is used to balance the self-weight and hydraulic force of the moving parts of the impactor in the axial direction. 6. The reciprocating hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clasp (14) is a boss with a certain width inside, the inner sleeve (15) is a stepped shaft, and the inner sleeve (15) is set on Inside the snap ring (14), one end of the snap ring (14) is limited by the impact head (13), and the other end relies on the boss in the inner sleeve (15) to limit its axial displacement; the inner sleeve (15) and the lower joint (19) ) is a threaded connection.

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