CN108412420B - Pulsation type composite impactor - Google Patents
Pulsation type composite impactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108412420B CN108412420B CN201810474177.3A CN201810474177A CN108412420B CN 108412420 B CN108412420 B CN 108412420B CN 201810474177 A CN201810474177 A CN 201810474177A CN 108412420 B CN108412420 B CN 108412420B
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- flow distribution
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/16—Plural down-hole drives, e.g. for combined percussion and rotary drilling; Drives for multi-bit drilling units
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pulsation type composite impactor, which comprises a drill bit seat, an outer shell and an upper joint, wherein the drill bit seat comprises a base, a first boss part and a second boss part, an axial through hole is arranged in the second boss part, the lower end of a rotary flow distribution shaft is positioned in the axial through hole, and a circumferential gap is formed between the first boss part and the outer shell; the surface of the rotary flow distribution shaft is provided with a first flow distribution port and a second flow distribution port, a first through hole and a second through hole which are matched with the first flow distribution port and the second flow distribution port are arranged on the second boss part, and an axial gap is arranged between the first through hole and the outer shell. The first distributing port and the first through hole, the second distributing port and the second through hole can be periodically communicated under the driving of drilling fluid, so that the drilling fluid periodically flows into the circumferential gap and the axial gap to apply circumferential impact force and axial impact force to the drill bit seat. The invention omits the reciprocating impact hammer structure, thereby prolonging the service life of the pulsation type composite impactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a pulsation type composite impactor.
Background
Along with the development of petroleum exploitation towards deep wells and ultra-deep wells, the time spent for pure drilling occupies more than 80% of the whole operation time in the petroleum drilling process except for necessary non-drilling time, so that the improvement of the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit is beneficial to the reduction of the drilling time. The mechanical drilling speed is improved, so that the drilling economic efficiency can be improved, the drilling cost is reduced, and in addition, under some special conditions, special stratum is quickly drilled and sealed in time, thereby being more beneficial to avoiding underground accidents. For this reason, in drilling operations for deep and ultra-deep wells, a drill bit is generally provided with a impactor to increase the drilling rate.
The impactors in the prior art mainly comprise an axial impacter, a torsion impacter and a composite impacter. The axial impactor can generate axial impact load on the drill bit, so that the cutting depth of the cutting teeth is increased, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved; but axial impactors can exacerbate stick-slip vibration of the drill bit. The torsional impactor can generate torsional impact load to the drill bit, so that the stick-slip vibration of the drill bit is reduced; but the rock breaking efficiency is low due to the lack of weight-on-bit clamping in the axial direction. The composite impactor can apply axial force and torsional force to the drill bit at the same time, and overcomes the defect of the unidirectional impactor. The composite impactor in the prior art mainly comprises a drill bit seat, an outer shell and an upper joint, wherein the drill bit seat is used for connecting an external drill bit, the drill bit seat is rotationally connected with the outer shell, the upper end of the outer shell is fixedly connected with the upper joint, the upper joint is connected with an external drilling tool, and the whole composite impactor is driven by the external drilling tool to rotate along with the upper joint; the reciprocating type impact hammer is arranged in the shell, the lower end of the reciprocating type impact hammer is provided with a special-shaped inclined plane, the upper end of the drill bit seat is also provided with a corresponding special-shaped inclined plane, the reciprocating type impact hammer can move up and down along the axial direction of the shell under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid, and the axial impact force of the impact hammer is converted into the axial impact force and the torsional impact force on the drill bit seat through the contact of the special-shaped surface, so that the composite acting force is applied to the drill bit.
However, due to the severe downhole environment, rock fragments sometimes enter the impactor during construction, so that the reciprocating impact hammer of the composite impactor adopting the prior art is easy to wear, and the service life of the composite impactor is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a pulsating composite impactor, which omits the reciprocating impact hammer structure, thereby improving the service life of the pulsating composite impactor.
The invention provides a pulsation type composite impactor, which comprises a drill bit seat, an outer shell and an upper connector, wherein the upper end of the outer shell is fixedly connected with the upper connector, and the lower end of the outer shell is rotatably connected with the drill bit seat;
the upper joint is provided with a drilling fluid flow passage through which drilling fluid can enter the outer shell; a rotary flow distribution shaft is arranged in the outer shell, a driving device is arranged between the rotary flow distribution shaft and the outer shell, and the driving device can drive the rotary flow distribution shaft to rotate under the driving of drilling fluid;
the drill bit seat comprises a base and a boss part, the base is rotationally connected with the outer shell, the boss part stretches into the outer shell, the boss part comprises a first boss part and a second boss part, the first boss part is sleeved on the outer side of the second boss part, an axial through hole is formed in the second boss part, the lower end of the rotary flow distribution shaft is positioned in the axial through hole, a plurality of first protrusions are arranged at the upper end of the first boss part, a plurality of second protrusions are arranged in the outer shell, and the arc length between the adjacent first protrusions is larger than that of the second protrusions, so that a circumferential gap is formed between the first protrusions and the second protrusions; the surface of the rotary flow distribution shaft is provided with a first flow distribution port and a second flow distribution port, the first flow distribution port is positioned above the second flow distribution port, the second boss part is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole which are matched with the first flow distribution port and the second flow distribution port, and an axial gap is arranged between the first through hole and the outer shell.
The first distributing port and the first through hole, the second distributing port and the second through hole can be periodically communicated under the driving of the drilling fluid, so that the drilling fluid flows into the circumferential gap and the axial gap to apply circumferential impact force and axial impact force to the drill bit seat.
The pulsation type composite impactor is characterized in that the outer shell comprises an upper nipple and a lower nipple, the upper end of the upper nipple is fixedly connected with the upper joint, the lower end of the upper nipple is fixedly connected with the lower nipple, and the lower end of the lower nipple is rotatably connected with the base of the drill bit seat.
The pulsation type composite impactor is characterized in that the outer side wall of the base is provided with a plurality of upward protruding third protrusions, and the third protrusions are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base; the lower end of the lower short section is provided with a plurality of fourth bulges which are matched with the third bulges, the fourth bulges are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the lower short section, and the third bulges and the fourth bulges are fixedly connected through splines;
and a ball groove is further formed between the first boss part and the lower short joint, and a plurality of balls are arranged in the ball groove.
The pulsation type composite impactor is characterized in that the driving device is arranged in the upper short section, the driving device comprises a turbine rotor and a turbine stator which are oppositely arranged, the turbine stator is propped against the inner side wall of the upper short section, the turbine rotor is fixedly connected with the rotary flow distribution shaft, and a liquid channel is formed between the turbine stator and the turbine rotor.
As described above, optionally, the upper end of the rotary flow distributing shaft is connected with a flow distributing end cover, and the diameter of the central hole of the flow distributing end cover is smaller than that of the central hole of the rotary flow distributing shaft; the rotary flow distribution shaft is further provided with a backflow hole, the backflow hole is used for communicating the liquid channel with the rotary flow distribution shaft, and the backflow hole is located below the driving device.
As described above, optionally, the upper end of the driving device is provided with a centralizing bearing, and the upper end of the centralizing bearing is provided with a compression nut; the lower end of the upper short section is also provided with a first step surface, and the first step surface is provided with a thrust bearing.
As described above, optionally, the upper end of the second boss portion abuts against the inner wall of the upper nipple, a second step surface is formed on the outer surface of the second boss portion, and a sealing end cover is disposed on the second step surface.
As described above, optionally, the seal end cover includes an end cover body and a fifth protrusion disposed on the end cover body, the end cover body is disposed on the second boss portion, a lower end surface of the fifth protrusion abuts against an upper end surface of the first protrusion, the fifth protrusion and the first protrusion together define a circumferential space, and an arc length of the fifth protrusion adjacent to the fifth protrusion is equal to an arc length of the second protrusion; the second protrusions are located in the circumferential space, and the upper ends of the second protrusions are clamped between the adjacent fifth protrusions.
As described above, optionally, a fixing ring is further disposed above the end cover body, and the fixing ring is in threaded connection with the second boss portion, so as to limit the axial movement of the seal end cover, and the fixing ring and the lower end of the upper nipple joint together define the axial gap.
The pulsation type composite impactor is characterized in that the drill bit seat is internally provided with a throttling seat, the throttling seat comprises a throttling seat body and throttling seat protruding portions arranged on the throttling seat body, the diameter of each throttling seat protruding portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the rotary flow distribution shaft, the throttling seat protruding portions extend into the rotary flow distribution shaft, the throttling seat body is provided with a plurality of vertical drainage holes, and the drainage holes are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction.
The invention provides a pulsation type composite impactor, which comprises a drill bit seat, an outer shell and an upper joint, wherein the upper end of the outer shell is fixedly connected with the upper joint, and the lower end of the outer shell is rotatably connected with the drill bit seat; the upper joint is provided with a drilling fluid flow passage through which drilling fluid can enter the outer shell; the rotary flow distribution shaft is arranged in the outer shell, a driving device is arranged between the rotary flow distribution shaft and the outer shell, and the driving device can drive the rotary flow distribution shaft to rotate under the driving of drilling fluid; the drill bit seat comprises a base and a boss part, the base is rotationally connected with the outer shell, the boss part stretches into the outer shell, the boss part comprises a first boss part and a second boss part, the first boss part is sleeved on the outer side of the second boss part, an axial through hole is formed in the second boss part, the lower end of the rotary flow distribution shaft is positioned in the axial through hole, a plurality of first protrusions are arranged at the upper end of the first boss part, a plurality of second protrusions are arranged in the outer shell, and the arc length between every two adjacent first protrusions is larger than that of each second protrusion, so that a circumferential gap is formed between each first protrusion and each second protrusion; the surface of the rotary flow distribution shaft is provided with a first flow distribution port and a second flow distribution port, the first flow distribution port is positioned above the second flow distribution port, the second boss part is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole which are matched with the first flow distribution port and the second flow distribution port, and an axial gap is arranged between the first through hole and the outer shell. The first distributing port and the first through hole, the second distributing port and the second through hole can be periodically communicated under the driving of drilling fluid, so that the drilling fluid periodically flows into the circumferential gap and the axial gap to apply circumferential impact force and axial impact force to the drill bit seat. The pulsation type composite impactor omits a reciprocating impact hammer structure on the premise of ensuring that composite impact force is applied to the drill bit, thereby prolonging the service life of the pulsation type composite impactor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a pulsating composite impactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a drill bit holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotary flow distributing shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a lower sub according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a seal end cap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in a first state;
FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in FIG. 1 in a first state;
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in a second state;
fig. 7B is a sectional view taken along the direction B-B in fig. 1 in a second state.
Reference numerals:
100-drill bit seat; 110-a base;
111-third protrusions; 120-a first boss portion;
121-a first bump; 130-a second boss portion;
131-a first via; 132-second vias;
140-ball grooves; 200-an outer shell;
210-upper short section; 220-lower nipple;
221-a second bump; 300-upper joint;
310-drilling fluid flow path; 400-rotating the flow distribution shaft;
410-a first distribution port; 420-a second distribution port;
430-reflow holes; 510-a turbine rotor;
520-turbine stator; 600-split end caps;
700-centralizing the bearing; 710—a compression nut;
720-thrust bearing; 800-sealing end caps;
810-end cap body; 820-fifth bump;
830-a retaining ring; 910-a throttle body;
920-throttle base boss.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like are merely used for convenience in describing the various elements and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a sequential relationship, relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Along with the development of petroleum exploitation towards deep wells and ultra-deep wells, the time spent for pure drilling occupies more than 80% of the whole operation time in the petroleum drilling process except for necessary non-drilling time, so that the improvement of the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit is beneficial to the reduction of the drilling time. The mechanical drilling speed is improved, so that the drilling economic efficiency can be improved, the drilling cost is reduced, and in addition, under some special conditions, special stratum is quickly drilled and sealed in time, thereby being more beneficial to avoiding underground accidents. For this reason, in drilling operations for deep and ultra-deep wells, a drill bit is generally provided with a impactor to increase the drilling rate.
The impactors in the prior art mainly comprise an axial impacter, a torsion impacter and a composite impacter. The axial impactor can generate axial impact load on the drill bit, so that the cutting depth of the cutting teeth is increased, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved; but axial impactors can exacerbate stick-slip vibration of the drill bit. The torsional impactor can generate torsional impact load to the drill bit, so that the stick-slip vibration of the drill bit is reduced; but the rock breaking efficiency is low due to the lack of weight-on-bit clamping in the axial direction. The composite impactor can apply axial force and torsional force to the drill bit at the same time, and overcomes the defect of the unidirectional impactor. The composite impactor in the prior art mainly comprises a drill bit seat, an outer shell and an upper joint, wherein the drill bit seat is used for connecting an external drill bit, the drill bit seat is rotationally connected with the outer shell, the upper end of the outer shell is fixedly connected with the upper joint, the upper joint is connected with an external drilling tool, and the whole composite impactor is driven by the external drilling tool to rotate along with the upper joint; the reciprocating type impact hammer is arranged in the shell, the lower end of the reciprocating type impact hammer is provided with a special-shaped inclined plane, the upper end of the drill bit seat is also provided with a corresponding special-shaped inclined plane, the reciprocating type impact hammer can move up and down along the axial direction of the shell under the impact of high-pressure drilling fluid, and the axial impact force of the impact hammer is converted into the axial impact force and the torsional impact force on the drill bit seat through the contact of the special-shaped surface, so that the composite acting force is applied to the drill bit.
However, due to the severe downhole environment, rock fragments sometimes enter the impactor during construction, so that the reciprocating impact hammer of the composite impactor adopting the prior art is easy to wear, and the service life of the composite impactor is low.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a pulsating composite impactor, which omits the reciprocating impact hammer structure, thereby improving the service life of the pulsating composite impactor.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can more precisely understand the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a pulsating composite impactor according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a drill bit holder according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotary flow distributing shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a lower sub according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a seal end cap according to an embodiment of the present invention; please refer to fig. 1-5. The embodiment provides a pulsation type composite impactor, which comprises a drill bit seat 100, an outer shell 200 and an upper connector 300, wherein the upper end of the outer shell 200 is fixedly connected with the upper connector 300, and the lower end of the outer shell 200 is rotatably connected with the drill bit seat 100;
the upper joint 300 is provided with a drilling fluid flow passage 310, and drilling fluid can enter the outer shell 200 through the drilling fluid flow passage 310; the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is arranged in the outer shell 200, a driving device is arranged between the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 and the outer shell 200, and the driving device can drive the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 to rotate under the driving of drilling fluid;
the drill bit seat 100 comprises a base 110 and a boss part, the base 110 is rotationally connected with the outer shell 200, the boss part stretches into the outer shell 200, the boss part comprises a first boss part 120 and a second boss part 130, the first boss part 120 is sleeved on the outer side of the second boss part 130, an axial through hole is arranged in the second boss part 130, the lower end of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is positioned in the axial through hole, a plurality of first protrusions 121 are arranged at the upper end of the first boss part 120, a plurality of second protrusions 221 are arranged in the outer shell 200, and the arc length between the adjacent first protrusions 121 is larger than the arc length of the second protrusions 221, so that a circumferential gap is formed between the first protrusions 121 and the second protrusions 221; the surface of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is provided with a first flow distribution port 410 and a second flow distribution port 420, the first flow distribution port 410 is located above the second flow distribution port 420, the second boss portion 130 is provided with a first through hole 131 and a second through hole 132 which are matched with the first flow distribution port 410 and the second flow distribution port 420, and an axial gap is formed between the first through hole 131 and the outer shell 200.
The first distribution port 410 and the first through hole 131, and the second distribution port 420 and the second through hole 132 can be periodically communicated under the driving of the drilling fluid, so that the drilling fluid flows into the circumferential gap and the axial gap to apply the circumferential impact force and the axial impact force to the drill bit seat 100.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the drill bit holder 100 is used for connecting an external drill bit, a conical space for connecting the drill bit is provided in the drill bit, a thread is provided on the inner surface of the conical space, the thread is generally NC50 type thread, and through the connection between the thread structure and the drill bit, the functions of sealing and transmitting torque can be achieved, and the drill bit is driven to perform the movement of cutting rock; the outer surface of the upper joint 300 is a conical inclined surface for connecting an upper drilling tool, an external thread structure is arranged on the outer side wall of the conical inclined surface, and the whole impactor can keep rotating along a certain direction under the drive of the external drilling tool. The outer casing 200 and the upper joint 300 are fixed by threaded connection, and sealing devices such as sealing rings can be arranged at the joint of the outer casing 200 and the upper joint for sealing. The upper joint 300 is provided with a drilling fluid flow passage 310 in an axial direction, and drilling fluid discharged from the external drilling tool can enter the outer case 200 through the drilling fluid flow passage 310. The rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is arranged in the outer shell 200, a driving device is arranged between the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 and the outer shell 200, and the driving device can drive the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 to rotate under the driving of drilling fluid.
The drill bit seat 100 comprises a base 110 and a boss portion, the base 110 is rotationally connected with the outer shell 200, the boss portion stretches into the outer shell 200, the boss portion comprises a first boss portion 120 and a second boss portion 130, the first boss portion 120 is sleeved on the outer side of the second boss portion 130, an axial through hole is formed in the second boss portion 130, the lower end of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is located in the axial through hole, namely, the lower end of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is arranged in the second boss 130. The upper end of the first boss portion 120 is provided with a plurality of first protrusions 121, the outer housing 200 is internally provided with a plurality of second protrusions 221, and the arc length between adjacent first protrusions 121 is longer than the arc length of the second protrusions 221, so that a circumferential gap is formed between the first protrusions 121 and the second protrusions 221; the surface of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is provided with a first flow distribution port 410 and a second flow distribution port 420, the first flow distribution port 410 is located above the second flow distribution port 420, the second boss portion 130 is provided with a first through hole 131 and a second through hole 132 which are matched with the first flow distribution port 410 and the second flow distribution port 420, and an axial gap is formed between the first through hole 131 and the outer shell 200.
Along with the rotation of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, the high-pressure drilling fluid in the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 periodically flows into the axial gap through the first flow distribution port 410 and the first through hole 131, so as to provide axial impact force for the drill bit holder 100; while high pressure drilling fluid periodically flows into the circumferential gap through the second ports 420 and the second passages 132, thereby providing a circumferential Xiang Chongji force to the bit mount 100.
The axial impact force can generate pulsating axial impact load on the drill bit, so that the depth of penetration of the cutting teeth of the drill bit into the rock is increased, and the capability of resisting the breaking of the rock is reduced; the circumferential impact force can generate pulsation type torsion impact load on the drill bit, so that the cutting load of the drill bit on rock is increased, the cutting state of the drill bit is improved, the torsion vibration of the drill bit is restrained, the axial impact and torsion impact realize the three-dimensional rock breaking of the drill bit, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved, thereby improving the mechanical drilling speed of a hard stratum and reducing the drilling cost of the hard stratum.
It can be found from the above description that the pulsation type composite impactor of the present embodiment omits the reciprocating type impact hammer structure on the premise of ensuring the application of composite impact to the drill bit, and has a relatively simple structure, thereby improving the service life of the pulsation type composite impactor.
Further, the outer casing 200 includes an upper nipple 210 and a lower nipple 220, the upper end of the upper nipple 210 is fixedly connected with the upper joint 300, the lower end of the upper nipple 210 is fixedly connected with the lower nipple 220, and the lower end of the lower nipple 220 is rotatably connected with the base 110 of the drill bit holder 100.
Specifically, the outer sidewall of the base 110 is provided with a plurality of third protrusions 111 protruding upwards, and the plurality of third protrusions 111 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base 110; the lower end of the lower nipple 220 is provided with a plurality of fourth protrusions which are matched with the third protrusions 111, the fourth protrusions are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the lower nipple 220, and the third protrusions 111 and the fourth protrusions are fixedly connected through splines, so that the drill bit holder 100 is driven to rotate.
A ball groove 140 is further provided between the first boss portion 120 and the lower nipple 220, and a plurality of balls are provided in the ball groove 140 to suspend the bit mount 100.
Further, the driving device of the present embodiment is disposed in the upper nipple 210, and the driving device includes a turbine rotor 510 and a turbine stator 520 that are disposed opposite to each other, the turbine stator 520 abuts against the inner sidewall of the upper nipple 210, the turbine rotor 510 is fixedly connected to the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, and a liquid channel is formed between the turbine stator 520 and the turbine rotor 510.
The upper end of the rotary flow distribution shaft is connected with a flow distribution end cover 600, and the diameter of a central hole of the flow distribution end cover 600 is smaller than that of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400; the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 is further provided with a backflow hole 430, the backflow hole 430 is used for communicating the liquid channel with the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, and the backflow hole 430 is located below the driving device.
The upper end of the driving device is provided with a centralizing bearing 700 to prevent the inclination of the rotary flow distributing shaft 400; the upper end of the centralizing bearing 700 is provided with a compression nut 710, and the compression nut 710 is used for compressing the turbine rotor 510; the lower end of the upper nipple 210 is further provided with a first step surface, and a thrust bearing 720 is arranged on the first step surface.
When the pulsation type composite impactor of the present embodiment is used, drilling fluid enters the outer casing 200 from the drilling fluid flow channel 310, a part of drilling fluid flows into the rotary flow distribution shaft through the flow distribution end cap 600, and because the diameter of the central hole of the flow distribution end cap 600 is smaller than that of the central hole of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, the drilling fluid which does not flow into the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 flows into the fluid channel between the turbine stator 520 and the turbine rotor 510 through the gap of the centralizing bearing 700, and drives the turbine rotor 510 to rotate, so as to drive the rotation of the whole rotary flow distribution shaft 400, so that the first flow distribution port 410 is periodically communicated with the first through hole 131, the second flow distribution port 420 and the second through hole 132.
The drilling fluid driving the turbine rotor 510 to rotate flows back into the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 through the backflow hole 430, and the backflow hole 430 is inclined downward as a whole so as to facilitate drainage.
Further, in this embodiment, the upper end of the second boss 130 abuts against the inner wall of the upper nipple 210, the outer side wall of the lower end of the upper nipple 210 is in threaded connection with the inner side wall of the upper end of the lower nipple 220, a second step surface is formed on the outer surface of the second boss 130, a sealing end cover 800 is disposed on the second step surface, and the sealing end cover 800 is used for sealing an axial gap and a circumferential gap.
Specifically, the seal end cover 800 includes an end cover body 810 and a fifth protrusion 820 disposed on the end cover body, the end cover body 810 is disposed on the second boss portion 130, a lower end surface of the fifth protrusion 820 abuts against an upper end surface of the first protrusion 121, the fifth protrusion 820 and the first protrusion 121 together define a circumferential space, and an arc length of an adjacent fifth protrusion 820 is equal to an arc length of the second protrusion 221. The second protrusion 221 is located in the circumferential space, and the upper end of the second protrusion 221 is clamped between the adjacent fifth protrusions 820; the first protrusion 121 rotates under the impact of the drilling fluid, thereby forming a circumferential gap with the second protrusion 221.
A fixing ring 830 is further disposed above the end cap body 810, and the fixing ring 830 is in threaded connection with the second boss portion 130 to limit the axial movement of the seal end cap 800, and the fixing ring 830 and the lower end of the upper sub 210 together define an axial gap.
Further, a throttle seat is further disposed in the drill bit seat 100 of the present embodiment, the throttle seat includes a throttle seat body 910 and a throttle seat protrusion 920 disposed on the throttle seat body 910, the diameter of the throttle seat protrusion 920 is smaller than the inner diameter of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, so that the throttle seat protrusion 920 extends into the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, a plurality of vertical drain holes are disposed on the throttle seat body 910, and the plurality of drain holes are uniformly disposed along the circumferential direction.
The use of the pulsating composite impactor of the present embodiment is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in a first state; FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in FIG. 1 in a first state; FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in a second state; fig. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in fig. 1 in a second state, please refer to fig. 6A-7B.
The pulsation type composite impactor of the embodiment is driven by an external drilling tool to rotate at the moment. As shown in fig. 6A to 6B, when drilling is started, drilling fluid flows into the outer casing 200 through the drilling fluid flow channel 310 on the upper joint 300, a part of drilling fluid directly flows into the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 through the central hole of the split end cover 600 at the upper end of the rotary flow distribution shaft 400, and a part of drilling fluid flows into the fluid channel between the wheel stator 520 and the turbine rotor 510 to drive the turbine rotor 510 to rotate, so that the rotary flow distribution shaft is driven to rotate in a certain direction. A part of the drilling fluid in the rotary choke 400 flows into the axial gap through the first choke 410 and the first through hole 131, and the drilling fluid flowing into the axial gap impacts the seal end cap 800 and pushes the drill bit holder 100 to move axially downward. Another part of the drilling fluid in the rotary flow distribution shaft 400 flows into the circumferential gap through the second flow distribution port 420 and the second through hole 132, and the drilling fluid flowing into the circumferential gap impacts the side end surface of the first protrusion 121 of the drill bit holder 100 and pushes the first protrusion 121 and the seal end cover 800 to rotate so as to push the drill bit holder 100 to rotate in the circumferential direction. At this time, the third protrusion 111 and the fourth protrusion are in the first state shown in fig. 6B.
As shown in fig. 7A-7B, the rotary flow distributing shaft 400 continues to rotate, and the first flow distributing port 410 and the first via 131, and the second flow distributing port 420 and the second via 132 are staggered. Under the action of the self weight of the upper structure, the outer casing 200 moves downwards to push the drilling fluid in the axial gap to flow out through the first through hole 131, and meanwhile, the fourth bulge on the outer casing 200 impacts the third bulge 111 on the drill bit base 100 to generate axial impact. Under the self-rotation action of the pulsation type composite impactor, the outer shell 200 pushes the drilling fluid in the circumferential gap to flow out through the second through hole 132, the side surface of the fourth bulge on the outer shell 200 impacts the side surface of the third bulge 111 on the drill bit seat 100 to generate torsional impact, and at this time, the third bulge 111 and the fourth bulge are in the second state shown in fig. 7B.
With the continuous rotation of the rotary choke 400, the first choke 410 and the first through hole 131, and the second choke 420 and the second through hole 132 can be periodically communicated, so that the drilling fluid flows into the circumferential gap and the axial gap to apply the circumferential impact force and the axial impact force to the drill bit holder 100. As can be seen from the above description, the impact frequency of the pulsating composite impactor of the present embodiment can be controlled according to the rotation speed of the turbine rotor 510, and further only the flow rate and the flow velocity of the flowing drilling fluid need to be controlled, so that the control manner is simple, and the rock breaking efficiency is high.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pulsation type composite impactor is characterized by comprising a drill bit seat, an outer shell and an upper connector, wherein the upper end of the outer shell is fixedly connected with the upper connector, and the lower end of the outer shell is rotatably connected with the drill bit seat;
the upper joint is provided with a drilling fluid flow passage through which drilling fluid can enter the outer shell; a rotary flow distribution shaft is arranged in the outer shell, a driving device is arranged between the rotary flow distribution shaft and the outer shell, and the driving device can drive the rotary flow distribution shaft to rotate under the driving of drilling fluid;
the drill bit seat comprises a base and a boss part, the base is rotationally connected with the outer shell, the boss part stretches into the outer shell, the boss part comprises a first boss part and a second boss part, the first boss part is sleeved on the outer side of the second boss part, an axial through hole is formed in the second boss part, the lower end of the rotary flow distribution shaft is positioned in the axial through hole, a plurality of first protrusions are arranged at the upper end of the first boss part, a plurality of second protrusions are arranged in the outer shell, and the arc length between the adjacent first protrusions is larger than that of the second protrusions, so that a circumferential gap is formed between the first protrusions and the second protrusions; the surface of the rotary flow distribution shaft is provided with a first flow distribution port and a second flow distribution port, the first flow distribution port is positioned above the second flow distribution port, the second boss part is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole which are matched with the first flow distribution port and the second flow distribution port, and an axial gap is arranged between the first through hole and the outer shell.
2. The pulsation type composite impactor of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises an upper nipple and a lower nipple, the upper end of the upper nipple is fixedly connected with the upper joint, the lower end of the upper nipple is fixedly connected with the lower nipple, and the lower end of the lower nipple is rotatably connected with the base of the drill bit seat.
3. The pulsation compound impactor of claim 2, wherein a plurality of upward protruding third protrusions are arranged on the outer side wall of the base, and the plurality of third protrusions are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the base; the lower end of the lower short section is provided with a plurality of fourth bulges which are matched with the third bulges, the fourth bulges are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the lower short section, and the third bulges and the fourth bulges are fixedly connected through splines;
and a ball groove is further formed between the first boss part and the lower short joint, and a plurality of balls are arranged in the ball groove.
4. A pulsating composite impactor according to claim 3, wherein the driving device is arranged in the upper nipple, the driving device comprises a turbine rotor and a turbine stator which are oppositely arranged, the turbine stator is propped against the inner side wall of the upper nipple, the turbine rotor is fixedly connected with the rotary flow distribution shaft, and a liquid channel is formed between the turbine stator and the turbine rotor.
5. The pulsation compound impactor of claim 4, wherein the upper end of the rotary flow distributing shaft is connected with a flow distributing end cover, and the diameter of a central hole of the flow distributing end cover is smaller than that of the rotary flow distributing shaft; the rotary flow distribution shaft is further provided with a backflow hole, the backflow hole is used for communicating the liquid channel with the rotary flow distribution shaft, and the backflow hole is located below the driving device.
6. The pulsation compound impactor of claim 5, wherein the upper end of the driving device is provided with a centralizing bearing, and the upper end of the centralizing bearing is provided with a compression nut; the lower end of the upper short section is also provided with a first step surface, and the first step surface is provided with a thrust bearing.
7. The pulsation compound impactor of claim 6, wherein an upper end of the second boss portion abuts against an inner wall of the upper nipple, a second step surface is formed on an outer surface of the second boss portion, and a sealing end cover is arranged on the second step surface.
8. The pulsating composite impactor of claim 7, wherein the sealing end cap comprises an end cap body and a fifth protrusion arranged on the end cap body, the end cap body is arranged on the second boss part, a lower end face of the fifth protrusion abuts against an upper end face of the first protrusion, the fifth protrusion and the first protrusion together define a circumferential space, and an arc length of the adjacent fifth protrusion is equal to an arc length of the second protrusion; the second protrusions are located in the circumferential space, and the upper ends of the second protrusions are clamped between the adjacent fifth protrusions.
9. The pulsating composite impactor of claim 8, wherein a retaining ring is further disposed above the end cap body, the retaining ring being threadably coupled to the second boss portion to limit axial movement of the sealing end cap, the retaining ring and the lower end of the upper nipple together defining the axial gap.
10. The pulsation compound impactor of claim 9, wherein a throttle seat is further arranged in the drill seat, the throttle seat comprises a throttle seat body and a throttle seat protruding portion arranged on the throttle seat body, the diameter of the throttle seat protruding portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the rotary flow distribution shaft, so that the throttle seat protruding portion stretches into the rotary flow distribution shaft, a plurality of vertical drain holes are formed in the throttle seat body, and the drain holes are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction.
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| CN201810474177.3A CN108412420B (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-05-17 | Pulsation type composite impactor |
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| CN201810474177.3A CN108412420B (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-05-17 | Pulsation type composite impactor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109162634A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-08 | 北京工业大学 | High frequency axial pulse percussion drilling tool |
| CN109469445B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-05-22 | 北京工业大学 | Bidirectional resonance drilling speed-increasing tool |
| CN110485927B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-12-04 | 北京工业大学 | Three-dimensional hydraulic oscillation anti-drag drilling tool |
| CN110566120B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-01-08 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Multi-power directional combined drilling tool for hard rock of coal mine underground coal seam bottom plate and hole forming method thereof |
| CN111577141B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-08-20 | 北京工业大学 | Turbine type hydraulic oscillator for well drilling |
| CN114922581B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-08-18 | 重庆科技学院 | Underground casing pipe continuous perforating device and working method thereof |
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